1.Spatio-temporal clustering analysis of influenza in Jiaxing City
WANG Yuanhang ; FU Xiaofei ; QI Yunpeng ; LIU Yang ; ZHOU Wanling ; GUO Feifei
Journal of Preventive Medicine 2025;37(1):55-58
Objective:
To investigate the epidemiological and spatio-temporal characteristics of influenza in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into perfecting the prevention and control strategies of influenza.
Methods:
Data of influenza in Jiaxing City from 2019 to 2023 were collected from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Population data of the same period were collected from the Zhejiang Health Information Network Reporting System. The epidemiological characteristics of influenza were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Vector map information was collected from the Open Street Map, and the spatio-temporal clustering characteristics of influenza were analyzed using spatial autocorrelation and spatio-temporal scanning.
Results:
A total of 181 501 cases of influenza were reported in Jiaxing City from 2019 to 2023, with an average annual reported incidence of 653.93/105. The majority of cases were aged 5 to <15 years (59 785 cases, 32.94%). The majority of the occupations were students (78 239 cases, 43.11%) and pre-school children (33 715 cases, 18.58%). The county (city, district) with the highest reported incidence was Haining City (1 451.70/105), and the town (street) with the highest reported incidence was Chang'an Town (1 932.78/105). Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the incidence of influenza in Jiaxing City from 2019 to 2023 had positive spatial correlations (all Moran's I>0, all P<0.05), with a high-high clustering in the southern region. Spatio-temporal scanning analysis showed that there was a spatio-temporal clustering of influenza in Jiaxing City from 2019 to 2023, with the southern region being the primary-type clustering area and the period between November and January of the following year being the clustering time.
Conclusion
There was a significant spatio-temporal clustering of influenza in Jiaxing City from 2019 to 2023, with winter being the peak season and the southern region being the primary area.
2.Treatment Approach for Diabetes with Coronary Heart Disease Based on the Heart-Spleen-Kidney Triad Holistic Perspective
Xitong SUN ; Xinbiao FAN ; Huan ZHOU ; Xiaofei GENG ; Aolin LI ; Wenyu SHANG ; Junping ZHANG
Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2025;66(7):750-754
It is believed that diabetes complicated with coronary heart disease is closely related to the functional interplay of the heart, spleen, and kidneys. This paper proposed the concept of the heart-spleen-kidney as a unified system for understanding and treating the disease. At the early stage, spleen and kidney deficiency leads to the internal accumulation of phlegm, dampness, and turbid lipids, causing impaired blood circulation and vascular obstruction, so treatment should focus on tonify the kidneys and strengthening the spleen, activating blood circulation and resolving stasis, using the self-prescribed Tangxin Maiwen Formula (糖心脉温方). As the disease progresses, further decline of spleen and kidney function results in inadequate nourishment of the heart, leading to blood stasis and the accumulation of phlegm, dampness, and turbid lipids, which may transform into pathogenic heat and toxins, causing heart damage, then treatment should emphasize on boosting qi and nourishing yin, clearing heat, activating blood and resolving toxins, using the self-prescribed Tangxin Maiqing Formula (糖心脉清方). In advanced stages, three zang organs, the heart, spleen, and kidneys, become severely impaired, leading to mental activity fail to be nourished and abnormal cognitive functions, so treatment should focus on harmonizing the three zang organs simultaneously, using the self-prescribed Yunpi Tiaoxin Decoction (运脾调心汤). This approach aims to provide a clinical framework for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes with coronary heart disease.
3.Measurement of pelvic parameters by magnetic resonance imaging to predict surgical difficulty of robot-assisted total mesorectal excision for mid and low rectal cancer
Mingyu HAN ; Xiaofei DUAN ; Quanbo ZHOU ; Weitang YUAN ; Yugui LIAN
Chinese Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024;27(8):824-832
Objective:To evaluate the relationship between pelvimetric parameters and surgical difficulty in robot-assisted total mesorectal excision (TME) performed by experienced colorectal surgeons, and to build a nomogram model.Methods:This was a retrospective observational study. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) tumor within 10 cm of the anal verge; (2) cancer confirmed by pathological examination of the postoperative specimen; (3) preoperative complete magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data available; (4) depth of tumor invasion T1-3; (5) circumferential resection margin assessed as negative by MRI; and (6) R0 resection achieved. The exclusion criteria comprised (1) history of pelvic fractures; (2) history of pelvic surgery; and (3) emergency required because of tumor-related intestinal obstruction and/or perforation. Application of above criteria yielded 82 patients who had undergone robot-assisted total mesorectal excision of mid and low rectal cancer in the Department of Colorectal Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2021 to December 2022 (modeling group). Additionally, data of 35 patients with mid and low rectal cancer who had undergone robotic-assisted TME at the same center in 2023 January–August were collected for validation of the model (validation group). The following 13 pelvic parameters were studied: pelvic inlet diameter, pelvic outlet diameter, pubic tubercle height, sacral height, sacral depth, interspinous distance, inter-tuberosity distance, lateral mesorectal span, anterior-posterior mesorectal span, anterior mesorectal thickness, posterior mesorectal thickness, rectal area, and mesorectal area. Operating time was used as an indicator of the degree of surgical difficulty, this being defined as the time from the start of skin incision to the end of abdominal closure. Variables related to the duration of surgery were subjected to univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to identify factors associated with the difficulty of TME, after which a nomogram for predicting the difficulty of the procedure was established. We constructed receiver operating characteristic and calibration curves to validate the predictive power of nomogram. Furthermore, data from the validation group were used for external validation of the model.Results:The model group comprised 82 patients, including 54 men and 28 women of median age 61.0 years. The median body mass index (BMI) was 23.7 kg/m 2, median distance between the tumor and anal verge 6.1 cm, and median tumor diameter 4.5 cm. Fourteen of these patients had received preoperative adjuvant therapy and 12 had a history of abdominal surgery. There were 35 patients (24 men and 11 women) of median age 64.0 years in the validation group. Their median BMI was 23.7 kg/m 2 and median distance between the tumor and anal verge 6.3 cm. Multivariable analyses of the model group showed that BMI (OR=1.227, 95%CI: 1.240–1.469, P=0.026), distance between the tumor and anal verge (OR=0.733, 95%CI: 0.562–0.955, P=0.022), and interspinous distance (OR=0.468, 95%CI: 0.270–0.812, P=0.007) were independent predictors of surgical difficulty. We then built and validated a predictive nomogram based on the above three variables (AUC=0.804, 95%CI: 0.707–0.900). Calibration curves showed that the S:P in this model was 0.987 and the C-index 0.804. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the predictive model in the validation dataset was 0.767 (95%CI: 0.606–0.928). Conclusion:MRI-based measurements of pelvic parameters are associated with difficulty of performing robot-assisted TME for mid and low rectal cancer. Our nomogram model constructed based on measurements of pelvic parameters has a good predictive ability.
4.Measurement of pelvic parameters by magnetic resonance imaging to predict surgical difficulty of robot-assisted total mesorectal excision for mid and low rectal cancer
Mingyu HAN ; Xiaofei DUAN ; Quanbo ZHOU ; Weitang YUAN ; Yugui LIAN
Chinese Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024;27(8):824-832
Objective:To evaluate the relationship between pelvimetric parameters and surgical difficulty in robot-assisted total mesorectal excision (TME) performed by experienced colorectal surgeons, and to build a nomogram model.Methods:This was a retrospective observational study. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) tumor within 10 cm of the anal verge; (2) cancer confirmed by pathological examination of the postoperative specimen; (3) preoperative complete magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data available; (4) depth of tumor invasion T1-3; (5) circumferential resection margin assessed as negative by MRI; and (6) R0 resection achieved. The exclusion criteria comprised (1) history of pelvic fractures; (2) history of pelvic surgery; and (3) emergency required because of tumor-related intestinal obstruction and/or perforation. Application of above criteria yielded 82 patients who had undergone robot-assisted total mesorectal excision of mid and low rectal cancer in the Department of Colorectal Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2021 to December 2022 (modeling group). Additionally, data of 35 patients with mid and low rectal cancer who had undergone robotic-assisted TME at the same center in 2023 January–August were collected for validation of the model (validation group). The following 13 pelvic parameters were studied: pelvic inlet diameter, pelvic outlet diameter, pubic tubercle height, sacral height, sacral depth, interspinous distance, inter-tuberosity distance, lateral mesorectal span, anterior-posterior mesorectal span, anterior mesorectal thickness, posterior mesorectal thickness, rectal area, and mesorectal area. Operating time was used as an indicator of the degree of surgical difficulty, this being defined as the time from the start of skin incision to the end of abdominal closure. Variables related to the duration of surgery were subjected to univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to identify factors associated with the difficulty of TME, after which a nomogram for predicting the difficulty of the procedure was established. We constructed receiver operating characteristic and calibration curves to validate the predictive power of nomogram. Furthermore, data from the validation group were used for external validation of the model.Results:The model group comprised 82 patients, including 54 men and 28 women of median age 61.0 years. The median body mass index (BMI) was 23.7 kg/m 2, median distance between the tumor and anal verge 6.1 cm, and median tumor diameter 4.5 cm. Fourteen of these patients had received preoperative adjuvant therapy and 12 had a history of abdominal surgery. There were 35 patients (24 men and 11 women) of median age 64.0 years in the validation group. Their median BMI was 23.7 kg/m 2 and median distance between the tumor and anal verge 6.3 cm. Multivariable analyses of the model group showed that BMI (OR=1.227, 95%CI: 1.240–1.469, P=0.026), distance between the tumor and anal verge (OR=0.733, 95%CI: 0.562–0.955, P=0.022), and interspinous distance (OR=0.468, 95%CI: 0.270–0.812, P=0.007) were independent predictors of surgical difficulty. We then built and validated a predictive nomogram based on the above three variables (AUC=0.804, 95%CI: 0.707–0.900). Calibration curves showed that the S:P in this model was 0.987 and the C-index 0.804. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the predictive model in the validation dataset was 0.767 (95%CI: 0.606–0.928). Conclusion:MRI-based measurements of pelvic parameters are associated with difficulty of performing robot-assisted TME for mid and low rectal cancer. Our nomogram model constructed based on measurements of pelvic parameters has a good predictive ability.
5.Key Points of Design and Risk Analysis in Production for Biodegradable Heart Occluder
Xiaofei MA ; Minliang ZHOU ; Xin LIU
Chinese Journal of Medical Instrumentation 2024;48(4):461-466
Biodegradable heart occluder uses a biodegradable medical polymer material to replace or completely replace the metal material.After completing the repair function of the heart defect,the device is gradually degraded and safely absorbed by the human tissue.So it may minimize the risk of long-term complications that traditional metal heart occluder causing in the body after implantation.Based on the quality management concept of the entire lifecycle of medical device,this article briefly introduces design and development,as well as the product realization of biodegradable heart occluder.It analyzes the main risk points in design and production,and corresponding suggestions have been put forward.These suggestions are combined with the medical device good manufacturing practice and the appendix of implantable medical equipment to provide a reference for regulators and industry professionals.
6.Role of palmitoyltransferase modified NOD2 in brain injury after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in mice
Chengji ZHOU ; Yong TANG ; Peng JIANG ; Zhouquan HU ; Wei WEI ; Guoan WANG ; Xiaofei FU
Tianjin Medical Journal 2024;52(8):804-809
Objective To investigate the role of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2(NOD2)modified by palmitoyltransferase(ZDHHC5)in brain injury after cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)in mice.Methods Twenty-four male C57BL/6J mice were divided into the blank group,the control group,the ZDHHC5-si group and the NOD2-si group,with 6 mice in each group.Except for the blank group without any treatment,CPR modeling was performed in the other three groups.At 24 h before CPR,mice in the ZDHHC5-si group and the NOD2-si group were injected with ZDHHC5 siRNA and NOD2 siRNA via tail vein,respectively.The modified neurological deficit scale(mNSS)was used to evaluate the neurological function at 24 h,48 h and 72 h in each group.Blood samples and brain tissue were collected 72 h after modeling.Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR(qPCR)was used to detect ZDHHC5 and NOD2 in brain tissue.The protein expression levels of IL-1β,TNF-α and IL-6 in plasma were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Colorimetric method and thiobarbituric acid(TBA)method were used to detect protein expression levels of MDA and MPO in brain tissue,respectively.Western blot assay was used to detect expression levels of Cleaved Caspase-3,ZDHHC5 and NOD2 in brain tissue.HE pathological sections of brain tissue were observed under light microscope.The pathological sections of brain tissue were observed by TUNEL under fluorescence microscope.Results Compared with the blank group,the mNSS score,the expression levels of IL-1β,TNF-α,IL-6,MDA and MPO,and the protein expression levels of Cleaved Caspase-3,ZDHHC5 and NOD2 were significantly increased(P<0.05),and brain tissue damage and cell apoptosis were aggravated in the other three groups.Compared with the control group,the above indicators were significantly decreased in the ZDHHC5-si group and the NOD2-si group(P<0.05),and brain tissue damage and cell apoptosis were significantly attenuated.Compared with the NOD2-si group,the above parameters were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and brain tissue damage and cell apoptosis were further attenuated in the ZDHHC5-si group.Conclusion In the mouse CPR model,NOD2 can produce palmitoylated NOD2 after regulated by ZDHHC5,which further promotes the release of inflammatory factors and causes neuronal apoptosis,ultimately damaging brain tissue and affecting neurological function.
7.Analysis on Core Prescriptions and Categorized Prescriptions in TCM for the Treatment of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Jingyi LIN ; Qiguang ZHENG ; Xiaofei LUO ; Shuaishuai DENG ; Xuezhong ZHOU ; Guanwei FAN
Chinese Journal of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine 2024;31(8):29-36
Objective To analyze the medication law of core prescriptions and categorized prescriptions of TCM for the treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF);To provide references for clinical prescriptions of HFpEF.Methods The clinical research literature on TCM for HFpEF was retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP,CBM,PubMed,Web of Science,Embase and Cochrane Library from establishment of the databases to November 1,2023.Data mining methods,such as complex network,prescription similarity network and community detection method were used to explore the prescription medication law of HFpEF.Results Totally 142 articles related to TCM treatment of HFpEF were included,containing 146 prescriptions and involving 162 kinds of Chinese materia medica.The most frequently used drugs were represented by Astragali Radix,Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Poria.The core prescription and the commonly used modified law of HFpEF treatment were obtained by complex network analysis.The core prescription consisted of Astragali Radix,Poria,Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Chuanxiong Rhizoma,Cinnamomi Ramulus,Descurainiae Semen Lepidii Semen,Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,Paeoniae Radix Rubra,Ophiopogonis Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix.Further based on the prescription similarity network and community detection method,the basic prescriptions of the 3 major community of categorized prescription corresponding to the HFpEF staging and syndrome types were obtained,and the staged diagnosis and treatment medication law with the development of the HFpEF disease course were found.Conclusion Invigorating qi and activating blood circulation,warming yang and promoting diuresis are the main therapeutic principles of HFpEF.Data mining technology provides a feasible method for the analysis of core prescriptions and categorized prescriptions for HFpEF,which can provide a basis for the diagnosis and treatment law and medication experience of HFpEF in TCM.
8.Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients (version 2024)
Yao LU ; Yang LI ; Leiying ZHANG ; Hao TANG ; Huidan JING ; Yaoli WANG ; Xiangzhi JIA ; Li BA ; Maohong BIAN ; Dan CAI ; Hui CAI ; Xiaohong CAI ; Zhanshan ZHA ; Bingyu CHEN ; Daqing CHEN ; Feng CHEN ; Guoan CHEN ; Haiming CHEN ; Jing CHEN ; Min CHEN ; Qing CHEN ; Shu CHEN ; Xi CHEN ; Jinfeng CHENG ; Xiaoling CHU ; Hongwang CUI ; Xin CUI ; Zhen DA ; Ying DAI ; Surong DENG ; Weiqun DONG ; Weimin FAN ; Ke FENG ; Danhui FU ; Yongshui FU ; Qi FU ; Xuemei FU ; Jia GAN ; Xinyu GAN ; Wei GAO ; Huaizheng GONG ; Rong GUI ; Geng GUO ; Ning HAN ; Yiwen HAO ; Wubing HE ; Qiang HONG ; Ruiqin HOU ; Wei HOU ; Jie HU ; Peiyang HU ; Xi HU ; Xiaoyu HU ; Guangbin HUANG ; Jie HUANG ; Xiangyan HUANG ; Yuanshuai HUANG ; Shouyong HUN ; Xuebing JIANG ; Ping JIN ; Dong LAI ; Aiping LE ; Hongmei LI ; Bijuan LI ; Cuiying LI ; Daihong LI ; Haihong LI ; He LI ; Hui LI ; Jianping LI ; Ning LI ; Xiying LI ; Xiangmin LI ; Xiaofei LI ; Xiaojuan LI ; Zhiqiang LI ; Zhongjun LI ; Zunyan LI ; Huaqin LIANG ; Xiaohua LIANG ; Dongfa LIAO ; Qun LIAO ; Yan LIAO ; Jiajin LIN ; Chunxia LIU ; Fenghua LIU ; Peixian LIU ; Tiemei LIU ; Xiaoxin LIU ; Zhiwei LIU ; Zhongdi LIU ; Hua LU ; Jianfeng LUAN ; Jianjun LUO ; Qun LUO ; Dingfeng LYU ; Qi LYU ; Xianping LYU ; Aijun MA ; Liqiang MA ; Shuxuan MA ; Xainjun MA ; Xiaogang MA ; Xiaoli MA ; Guoqing MAO ; Shijie MU ; Shaolin NIE ; Shujuan OUYANG ; Xilin OUYANG ; Chunqiu PAN ; Jian PAN ; Xiaohua PAN ; Lei PENG ; Tao PENG ; Baohua QIAN ; Shu QIAO ; Li QIN ; Ying REN ; Zhaoqi REN ; Ruiming RONG ; Changshan SU ; Mingwei SUN ; Wenwu SUN ; Zhenwei SUN ; Haiping TANG ; Xiaofeng TANG ; Changjiu TANG ; Cuihua TAO ; Zhibin TIAN ; Juan WANG ; Baoyan WANG ; Chunyan WANG ; Gefei WANG ; Haiyan WANG ; Hongjie WANG ; Peng WANG ; Pengli WANG ; Qiushi WANG ; Xiaoning WANG ; Xinhua WANG ; Xuefeng WANG ; Yong WANG ; Yongjun WANG ; Yuanjie WANG ; Zhihua WANG ; Shaojun WEI ; Yaming WEI ; Jianbo WEN ; Jun WEN ; Jiang WU ; Jufeng WU ; Aijun XIA ; Fei XIA ; Rong XIA ; Jue XIE ; Yanchao XING ; Yan XIONG ; Feng XU ; Yongzhu XU ; Yongan XU ; Yonghe YAN ; Beizhan YAN ; Jiang YANG ; Jiangcun YANG ; Jun YANG ; Xinwen YANG ; Yongyi YANG ; Chunyan YAO ; Mingliang YE ; Changlin YIN ; Ming YIN ; Wen YIN ; Lianling YU ; Shuhong YU ; Zebo YU ; Yigang YU ; Anyong YU ; Hong YUAN ; Yi YUAN ; Chan ZHANG ; Jinjun ZHANG ; Jun ZHANG ; Kai ZHANG ; Leibing ZHANG ; Quan ZHANG ; Rongjiang ZHANG ; Sanming ZHANG ; Shengji ZHANG ; Shuo ZHANG ; Wei ZHANG ; Weidong ZHANG ; Xi ZHANG ; Xingwen ZHANG ; Guixi ZHANG ; Xiaojun ZHANG ; Guoqing ZHAO ; Jianpeng ZHAO ; Shuming ZHAO ; Beibei ZHENG ; Shangen ZHENG ; Huayou ZHOU ; Jicheng ZHOU ; Lihong ZHOU ; Mou ZHOU ; Xiaoyu ZHOU ; Xuelian ZHOU ; Yuan ZHOU ; Zheng ZHOU ; Zuhuang ZHOU ; Haiyan ZHU ; Peiyuan ZHU ; Changju ZHU ; Lili ZHU ; Zhengguo WANG ; Jianxin JIANG ; Deqing WANG ; Jiongcai LAN ; Quanli WANG ; Yang YU ; Lianyang ZHANG ; Aiqing WEN
Chinese Journal of Trauma 2024;40(10):865-881
Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.
9.Surveillance of bacterial resistance in tertiary hospitals across China:results of CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program in 2022
Yan GUO ; Fupin HU ; Demei ZHU ; Fu WANG ; Xiaofei JIANG ; Yingchun XU ; Xiaojiang ZHANG ; Fengbo ZHANG ; Ping JI ; Yi XIE ; Yuling XIAO ; Chuanqing WANG ; Pan FU ; Yuanhong XU ; Ying HUANG ; Ziyong SUN ; Zhongju CHEN ; Jingyong SUN ; Qing CHEN ; Yunzhuo CHU ; Sufei TIAN ; Zhidong HU ; Jin LI ; Yunsong YU ; Jie LIN ; Bin SHAN ; Yunmin XU ; Sufang GUO ; Yanyan WANG ; Lianhua WEI ; Keke LI ; Hong ZHANG ; Fen PAN ; Yunjian HU ; Xiaoman AI ; Chao ZHUO ; Danhong SU ; Dawen GUO ; Jinying ZHAO ; Hua YU ; Xiangning HUANG ; Wen'en LIU ; Yanming LI ; Yan JIN ; Chunhong SHAO ; Xuesong XU ; Wei LI ; Shanmei WANG ; Yafei CHU ; Lixia ZHANG ; Juan MA ; Shuping ZHOU ; Yan ZHOU ; Lei ZHU ; Jinhua MENG ; Fang DONG ; Zhiyong LÜ ; Fangfang HU ; Han SHEN ; Wanqing ZHOU ; Wei JIA ; Gang LI ; Jinsong WU ; Yuemei LU ; Jihong LI ; Qian SUN ; Jinju DUAN ; Jianbang KANG ; Xiaobo MA ; Yanqing ZHENG ; Ruyi GUO ; Yan ZHU ; Yunsheng CHEN ; Qing MENG ; Shifu WANG ; Xuefei HU ; Wenhui HUANG ; Juan LI ; Quangui SHI ; Juan YANG ; Abulimiti REZIWAGULI ; Lili HUANG ; Xuejun SHAO ; Xiaoyan REN ; Dong LI ; Qun ZHANG ; Xue CHEN ; Rihai LI ; Jieli XU ; Kaijie GAO ; Lu XU ; Lin LIN ; Zhuo ZHANG ; Jianlong LIU ; Min FU ; Yinghui GUO ; Wenchao ZHANG ; Zengguo WANG ; Kai JIA ; Yun XIA ; Shan SUN ; Huimin YANG ; Yan MIAO ; Mingming ZHOU ; Shihai ZHANG ; Hongjuan LIU ; Nan CHEN ; Chan LI ; Jilu SHEN ; Wanqi MEN ; Peng WANG ; Xiaowei ZHANG ; Yanyan LIU ; Yong AN
Chinese Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy 2024;24(3):277-286
Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in tertiary hospitals in major regions of China in 2022.Methods Clinical isolates from 58 hospitals in China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2022 Clinical &Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)breakpoints.Results A total of 318 013 clinical isolates were collected from January 1,2022 to December 31,2022,of which 29.5%were gram-positive and 70.5%were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species(excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi)was 28.3%,76.7%and 77.9%,respectively.Overall,94.0%of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 90.8%of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis showed significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 94.2%in the isolates from children and 95.7%in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 13.1%in most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,21.7%-23.1%of which were resistant to carbapenems.Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.1%to 13.3%.The prevalence of meropenem-resistant strains decreased from 23.5%in 2019 to 18.0%in 2022 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and decreased from 79.0%in 2019 to 72.5%in 2022 in Acinetobacter baumannii.Conclusions The resistance of clinical isolates to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still increasing in tertiary hospitals.However,the prevalence of important carbapenem-resistant organisms such as carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a downward trend in recent years.This finding suggests that the strategy of combining antimicrobial resistance surveillance with multidisciplinary concerted action works well in curbing the spread of resistant bacteria.
10.Effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction in reducing oxidative stress and protecting cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury to rat blood-brain barrier
Xian MA ; Ping GAO ; Zhenyi LIU ; Ziyuan XIN ; Xiaofei JIN ; Xiaohong ZHOU ; Weijuan GAO
Chinese Journal of Comparative Medicine 2024;34(3):75-84,101
Objective To explore the mechanisms of Buyang Huanwu Decoction(BYHWD)in reducing oxidative stress levels to protect the blood-brain barrier(BBB)in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury(CIRI)rats.Methods A middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion(MCAO/R)model in rats was established via wire embolization method.PeriCam PSI laser speckle flow imaging was applied to detect whether the model was successfully established.Neurological deficits in the rats were evaluated by Zea Longa score,and histopathological changes in the rat brain were observed by HE staining.The degree of brain edema was detected by the dry and wet weight method.BBB permeability was detected by Evans blue staining,and ultrastructural changes to the BBB were observed by transmission electron microscopy.The levels of ROS,MDA and SOD activities,which are related to oxidative stress,were detected using kits.The expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)were detected by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot.The expression levels of Occludin,ZO-1,and Claudin-5 tight junction proteins were determined via immunofluorescence and Western blot.Results BYHWD reduced neurological deficit scores,alleviated brain histopathological damage,alleviated BBB structural disruption,prolonged the appearance of dense regions in the tight junction structure,attenuated edema of the brain on the ischemic side,and reduced BBB permeability in MCAO/R rats.BYHWD decreased the levels of ROS and MDA,increased the activity of SOD,decreased the expression levels of MMP-9,and increased the expression levels of Occludin,Claudin-5 and ZO-1.Conclusions BYHWD can increase BBB tight junction protein expression levels,reduce the permeability of the BBB,protect the ultrastructure of the BBB,and reduce brain edema,and its mechanisms may be related to its antioxidant activity and inhibition of MMP-9 activation.


Result Analysis
Print
Save
E-mail