Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors of extreme thrombocytosis caused by piperacillin sodium and tazobactam sodium injection, and provide reference for medical treatment and pharmaceutical care of such patients. Methods Extreme thrombocytosis of a patient treated with piperacillin sodium and tazobactam sodium injection was found by clinical pharmacists, who participated in clinical diagnosis and treatment by analyzing of the adverse drug reaction, optimization of the medical treatment and pharmaceutical care. Results After correlation analysis, the patient's extreme thrombocytosis was likely to be an adverse reaction caused by the piperacillin sodium and tazobactam sodium injection. The medication was immediately discontinued, and antiplatelet therapy with aspirin was administered. Two weeks later, the patient's platelet count had significantly decreased compared to before. Conclusion Clinical pharmacists participated in patients’ clinical diagnosis and treatment, carried out pharmaceutical care and assisted physicians in adjusting treatment plans, which ensured the safety and effectiveness of patients' clinical drug therapy.

Mass spectrometry imaging （MSI） is an emerging molecular imaging technique that combines high spatial resolution and the ability to acquire molecular information. This technology can directly obtain spatial distribution maps of metabolites, proteins, lipids and other molecules in tumor tissues, reveal the abnormal molecular changes during the occurrence and development of liver cancer, and make up for the deficiency of information at the molecular level in traditional imaging （such as CT, MRI）. In liver cancer research, MSI has demonstrated unique advantages and application potential in early diagnosis and screening, precise classification, tumor heterogeneity analysis, and exploration of molecular mechanisms. The principle characteristics of MSI technology and its latest progress in the early diagnosis, classification and molecular mechanism research of liver cancer were reviewed, and the current challenges and future development directions were discussed, which aimed to provide a new perspective and theoretical basis for an in-depth understanding of the pathological mechanism of liver cancer and promoted its precise diagnosis and treatment.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics, etiological distribution and risk factors of recurrent hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Jiaxing City, so as to provide scientific evidence for developing targeted prevention and control strategies. Methods: Based on the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, data of all reported HFMD cases in Jiaxing City from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2024 were collected. Epidemiological and etiological distribution characteristics of recurrent HFMD cases were described. The Kaplan-Meier method was applied to estimate the cumulative risk probability of reinfection, and the Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify risk factors for HFMD reinfection. Results: A total of 3 105 recurrent HFMD cases were reported in Jiaxing City during 2016-2024, with a reinfection rate of 3.99%. The majority of reinfections were second episodes (97.68%). HFMD reinfection was associated with sex, age, population category and etiological serotype ( χ 2=26.44, 609.92, 459.72, 32.01, all P <0.01). The incidence of recurrent HFMD exhibited a bimodal seasonal pattern, with peaks occurring from June to July and September to November. Spatial distribution indicated that Nanhu District, Jiashan County and Tongxiang City accounted for 49.02% of all recurrent cases citywide. Among 264 laboratory confirmed recurrent cases, EV-A71 was the predominant pathogen (29.92%). The proportion of EV-A71 showed a trend of initial decline followed by rebound, while the proportion of CV-A6 increased over time ( χ 2 trend =6.94, 47.43, both P <0.05). Of 51 patients with ≥2 etiological test results, 56.86 % experienced reinfection with a different serotype. The median time to HFMD reinfection was 17.23 (0.50, 105.03) months after the primary episode. The reinfection probability was 0.61% at 6 months, 3.68% at 36 months, and remained approximately 5% at 64.37 months. Multivariate Cox regression revealed that male sex ( HR =1.23), age ≤ 3 years ( HR = 1.84), and scattered children and preschool children ( HR =3.78, 3.47, respectively) were independent risk factors for HFMD reinfection (all P <0.05). Conclusions Recurrent HFMD in Jiaxing City presents temporal and population heterogeneity, and its etiology shows an alternating serotype evolution pattern. Enhanced surveillance should be implemented among priority populations and high incidence regions, and multivalent vaccines should be developed to confer broader protection.

Purpose: Leptin interacts not only with leptin receptor (LEPR) but also engages with other receptors. While the pro-oncogenic effects of the adrenergic receptor β2 (ADRB2) are well-established, the role of leptin in activating ADRB2 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains unclear. Materials and Methods: The pro-carcinogenic effects of LEPR were investigated using murine TNBC cell lines, 4T1 and EMT6, and a tumor-bearing mouse model. Expression levels of LEPR, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), and ADRB2 in TNBC cells and tumor tissues were analyzed via western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed using flow cytometry and MitoSox staining, while immunofluorescence double-staining confirmed the co-localization of LEPR and ADRB2. Results: LEPR activation promoted NOX4-derived ROS and mitochondrial ROS production, facilitating TNBC cell proliferation and migration, effects which were mitigated by the LEPR inhibitor Allo-aca. Co-expression of LEPR and ADRB2 was observed on cell membranes, and bioinformatics data revealed a positive correlation between the two receptors. Leptin activated both LEPR and ADRB2, enhancing intracellular ROS generation and promoting tumor progression, which was effectively countered by a specific ADRB2 inhibitor ICI118551. In vivo, leptin injection accelerated tumor growth and lung metastases without affecting appetite, while treatments with Allo-aca or ICI118551 mitigated these effects. Conclusion This study demonstrates that leptin stimulates the growth and metastasis of TNBC through the activation of both LEPR and ADRB2, resulting in increased ROS production. These findings highlight LEPR and ADRB2 as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in TNBC.

Purpose: Leptin interacts not only with leptin receptor (LEPR) but also engages with other receptors. While the pro-oncogenic effects of the adrenergic receptor β2 (ADRB2) are well-established, the role of leptin in activating ADRB2 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains unclear. Materials and Methods: The pro-carcinogenic effects of LEPR were investigated using murine TNBC cell lines, 4T1 and EMT6, and a tumor-bearing mouse model. Expression levels of LEPR, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), and ADRB2 in TNBC cells and tumor tissues were analyzed via western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed using flow cytometry and MitoSox staining, while immunofluorescence double-staining confirmed the co-localization of LEPR and ADRB2. Results: LEPR activation promoted NOX4-derived ROS and mitochondrial ROS production, facilitating TNBC cell proliferation and migration, effects which were mitigated by the LEPR inhibitor Allo-aca. Co-expression of LEPR and ADRB2 was observed on cell membranes, and bioinformatics data revealed a positive correlation between the two receptors. Leptin activated both LEPR and ADRB2, enhancing intracellular ROS generation and promoting tumor progression, which was effectively countered by a specific ADRB2 inhibitor ICI118551. In vivo, leptin injection accelerated tumor growth and lung metastases without affecting appetite, while treatments with Allo-aca or ICI118551 mitigated these effects. Conclusion This study demonstrates that leptin stimulates the growth and metastasis of TNBC through the activation of both LEPR and ADRB2, resulting in increased ROS production. These findings highlight LEPR and ADRB2 as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in TNBC.

Purpose: Leptin interacts not only with leptin receptor (LEPR) but also engages with other receptors. While the pro-oncogenic effects of the adrenergic receptor β2 (ADRB2) are well-established, the role of leptin in activating ADRB2 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains unclear. Materials and Methods: The pro-carcinogenic effects of LEPR were investigated using murine TNBC cell lines, 4T1 and EMT6, and a tumor-bearing mouse model. Expression levels of LEPR, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), and ADRB2 in TNBC cells and tumor tissues were analyzed via western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed using flow cytometry and MitoSox staining, while immunofluorescence double-staining confirmed the co-localization of LEPR and ADRB2. Results: LEPR activation promoted NOX4-derived ROS and mitochondrial ROS production, facilitating TNBC cell proliferation and migration, effects which were mitigated by the LEPR inhibitor Allo-aca. Co-expression of LEPR and ADRB2 was observed on cell membranes, and bioinformatics data revealed a positive correlation between the two receptors. Leptin activated both LEPR and ADRB2, enhancing intracellular ROS generation and promoting tumor progression, which was effectively countered by a specific ADRB2 inhibitor ICI118551. In vivo, leptin injection accelerated tumor growth and lung metastases without affecting appetite, while treatments with Allo-aca or ICI118551 mitigated these effects. Conclusion This study demonstrates that leptin stimulates the growth and metastasis of TNBC through the activation of both LEPR and ADRB2, resulting in increased ROS production. These findings highlight LEPR and ADRB2 as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in TNBC.

Flavonoids, the key active compounds in Epimedii Folium, have both protective and toxic effects on the liver. Their hepatoprotective effects are associated with reducing lipid accumulation and oxidative stress, which contribute to the management of various liver conditions. In contrast, the mechanisms driving Epimedii Folium-induced hepatotoxicity are less understood but likely involve oxidative stress and pyroptosis. Pharmacokinetic studies, especially on icaritin, indicate that it undergoes isopentenyl dehydrogenation, glycosylation, and glucuronidation in vivo, contributing to its pharmacological effects. However, intermediate metabolites of icaritin may interact with biomolecules, potentially leading to liver toxicity. This review offers a detailed examination of the dual effects of Epimedii Folium flavonoids on liver function, emphasizing recent discoveries in their hepatoprotective and hepatotoxic pathways. We also summarize and discuss the pharmacokinetics of these flavonoids, highlighting how their metabolism affects therapeutic efficacy and toxicity. Lastly, we propose strategies to mitigate liver injury, providing new perspectives on the safe use of Epimedii Folium.

Objective:To investigate the value of quantitative parameters of dual-layer detector spectral CT (DLCT) in preoperative prediction of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in invasive lung adenocarcinoma.Methods:This study employed a cross-sectional design. The data of 91 patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma confirmed by postoperative pathology who underwent DLCT enhanced scanning in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from March 2022 to July 2024 were retrospectively collected. The patients were divided into LVI positive group and LVI negative group according to the postoperative pathology. Gender, age, smoking status, and lesion location were recorded,the clinical T-stage and N-stage were evaluated. Spectral base data images were generated based on the spectral reconstruction algorithm. Conventional CT features such as the size and density of the lesions were analyzed. The DLCT quantitative parameters such as 40 keV single-energy CT value (CT 40 keV), iodine density (ID), standardized iodine density (NID), and effective atomic number (Z eff) were measured. The differences of parameters between the two groups were compared using t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, or χ2 test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent factors for predicting invasive lung adenocarcinoma LVI. The predictive performance of individual parameters and their combinations for LVI in invasive lung adenocarcinoma was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and area under the curve (AUC) measurements. Results:There were significant differences in age, T stage, N stage, maximum diameter, focal density, and arteriovenous stage NID and Z eff between the LVI positive group and the LVI negative group ( P<0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age ( OR=0.890, 95% CI 0.821-0.966), N stage( OR=12.721, 95% CI 2.676-60.473) and venous stage Z eff( OR=0.012,95% CI 0-0.668) were independent factors for predicting invasive lung adenocarcinoma LVI ( P<0.05). The combination of age, N stage, and venous-phase Z eff values demonstrated the highest predictive efficacy for LVI in invasive lung adenocarcinoma, with an AUC of 0.916. Conclusions:The quantitative parameters of DLCT are helpful for preoperative prediction of LVI status of invasive lung adenocarcinoma. The Z eff in the venous stage is an independent predictor, the combination of multiple parameters can further improve the diagnostic efficiency.

Objective:To investigate the value of quantitative parameters of dual-layer detector spectral CT (DLCT) in preoperative prediction of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in invasive lung adenocarcinoma.Methods:This study employed a cross-sectional design. The data of 91 patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma confirmed by postoperative pathology who underwent DLCT enhanced scanning in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from March 2022 to July 2024 were retrospectively collected. The patients were divided into LVI positive group and LVI negative group according to the postoperative pathology. Gender, age, smoking status, and lesion location were recorded,the clinical T-stage and N-stage were evaluated. Spectral base data images were generated based on the spectral reconstruction algorithm. Conventional CT features such as the size and density of the lesions were analyzed. The DLCT quantitative parameters such as 40 keV single-energy CT value (CT 40 keV), iodine density (ID), standardized iodine density (NID), and effective atomic number (Z eff) were measured. The differences of parameters between the two groups were compared using t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, or χ2 test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent factors for predicting invasive lung adenocarcinoma LVI. The predictive performance of individual parameters and their combinations for LVI in invasive lung adenocarcinoma was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and area under the curve (AUC) measurements. Results:There were significant differences in age, T stage, N stage, maximum diameter, focal density, and arteriovenous stage NID and Z eff between the LVI positive group and the LVI negative group ( P<0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age ( OR=0.890, 95% CI 0.821-0.966), N stage( OR=12.721, 95% CI 2.676-60.473) and venous stage Z eff( OR=0.012,95% CI 0-0.668) were independent factors for predicting invasive lung adenocarcinoma LVI ( P<0.05). The combination of age, N stage, and venous-phase Z eff values demonstrated the highest predictive efficacy for LVI in invasive lung adenocarcinoma, with an AUC of 0.916. Conclusions:The quantitative parameters of DLCT are helpful for preoperative prediction of LVI status of invasive lung adenocarcinoma. The Z eff in the venous stage is an independent predictor, the combination of multiple parameters can further improve the diagnostic efficiency.

Retrograde adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are capable of infecting the axons of projection neurons and serve as a powerful tool for the anatomical and functional characterization of neural networks. However, few retrograde AAV capsids have been shown to offer access to cortical projection neurons across different species and enable the manipulation of neural function in non-human primates (NHPs). Here, we report the development of a novel retrograde AAV capsid, AAV-DJ8R, which efficiently labeled cortical projection neurons after local administration into the striatum of mice and macaques. In addition, intrastriatally injected AAV-DJ8R mediated opsin expression in the mouse motor cortex and induced robust behavioral alterations. Moreover, AAV-DJ8R markedly increased motor cortical neuron firing upon optogenetic light stimulation after viral delivery into the macaque putamen. These data demonstrate the usefulness of AAV-DJ8R as an efficient retrograde tracer for cortical projection neurons in rodents and NHPs and indicate its suitability for use in conducting functional interrogations.
Animals ; Haplorhini ; Axons ; Motor Neurons ; Interneurons ; Macaca ; Dependovirus/genetics* ; Genetic Vectors