Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Jiaxing City from 2004 to 2023 and spatio-temporal clustering characteristics from 2022 to 2023, so as to provide insights into formulation of pertussis control measures. Methods: Data of pertussis cases in Jiaxing City from 2004 to 2023 were collected through the Infectious Disease Report Information System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The epidemiological characteristics of pertussis cases in Jiaxing City from 2004 to 2023 were descriptively analyzed, and the spatio-temporal clustering characteristics from 2022 to 2023 were analyzed using spatio-temporal scanning. Results: A total of 478 pertussis cases were reported in Jiaxing City from 2004 to 2023, with an average annual reported incidence of 0.53/105. The reported incidence showed an upward trend from 2004 to 2023 (P<0.05), with the highest in 2022 (3.17/105). Higher incidence of pertussis was reported in June to August (149 cases, 31.17%) and November to December (112 cases, 23.43%). There was no statistically significant difference in the reported incidence between males and females (0.56/105 vs. 0.50/105, P>0.05). The cases aged under one year accounted for the highest proportion, with 199 cases (41.63%). Haining City (0.68/105), Jiashan County (0.64/105) and Tongxiang City (0.60/105) ranked the top three in the reported incidence of pertussis. Spatio-temporal scanning analysis showed that from 2022 to 2023, the primary clustering area of pertussis was centered in Daqiao Town of Nanhu District, covering 27 towns (streets) in Nanhu District, Jiashan County, Xiuzhou District and Pinghu City, and the clustering time was from November to December, 2023. Conclusions The reported incidence of pertussis was at a low level in Jiaxing City, but showed an upward trend from 2004 to 2023. The incidence of pertussis was higher among infants under one year of age, peaked in June to August and November to December, and was concentrated in Nanhu District and its surrounding areas.

The National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association(NIA-AA)released the"Revised criteria for diagnosis and staging of Alzheimer's disease"in 2024,representing a significant update following the 2011 and 2018 frameworks.This new standard aims to advance Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and treatment from a"clinical-pathological"model to a"precision biology"era,improving early diagnosis rates and guiding precise therapeutic interventions.Nuclear medicine molecular imaging plays an irreplaceable role in Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and staging,with key updates in the 2024 standard being the replacement of traditional clinical diagnosis with biological definitions and the hierarchical classification of biomarkers.This article focuses on interpreting the core positioning and clinical application value of multimodal imaging technologies within the new standard framework,particularly the critical roles of amyloid β-protein PET and tau PET in early diagnosis,biological staging and treatment monitoring of Alzheimer's disease,aiming to provide guidance for clinical practice.

Objective Compare the depression phenotypes of a breast cancer tumor-bearing mouse model constructed using two different method and a mouse model of breast cancer depression with clinical manifestations,as well as assess their suitability for basic research.Methods We constructed a tumor model with 4T1 breast cancer cells alone(4T1 group)and a tumor-depression composite model given chronic unpredictable mild(CUMS)(4T1+CUMS group).The experimental period was 42 d,and the body mass,tumor volume,and survival time of the mice were monitored throughout the whole process.Two depressive behavioral tests(of sucrose preference test,open field test,tail suspension test,and elevated plus maze)were performed on the 15th and 29th days,respectively.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to observe the pathological changes of hippocampal neurons in brain tissue sections.Results(1)Body mass:The body mass of the 4T1 group and 4T1+CUMS group began to decrease from 29 d,and the body mass of the 4T1+CUMS group was significantly lower than that of the 4T1 group and Control group at the end of the experiment(P<0.001).(2)Tumor volume:There was no significant difference in the growth rate of tumors between the two model groups throughout the experiment(P>0.05).(3)Survival time:The survival rates of the 4T1 group and 4T1+CUMS group were 100％and 60％,and the first death of mice in the 4T1+CUMS group was on the 36th day.(4)Behavior test of depression:There was no significant difference between the three groups in the first depressive behavior tests(P>0.05),and the two groups showed obvious depressive phenotypes in the second behavioral tests.The sucrose preference index and activity distance in the central area were significantly decreased in the two model groups(P<0.001),and the immobility time was significantly increased(P<0.001).(5)Pathological section of brain tissue:On pathological examination of brain tissue,we observed a reduced number of neuronal cells in the hippocampus of the 4T1 group and 4T1+CUMS group,their morphology was irregular,the arrangement between the cells was disordered and the gap was unclear,and some nucleoli were blurred.Conclusions Although the tumor-only method and the tumor with compound stress stimulation method can both be used to prepare breast cancer depression models,the tumor-only modeling method is simpler and the mortality rate after successful modeling is higher.The long window of time is convenient for subsequent drug administration and detection,and the causes of the depression phenotype are more in line with the clinical causes and manifestations.Therefore,the 4T1 model can provide a reference model for future animal experiments on breast cancer tumor-related depression.

AIM:This study aimed to utilize network pharmacology and an anxiety rat model to investigate the intervention targets and underlying mechanisms of Baixiangdan capsule(BXD)in the treatment of anxiety-like behavior.METHODS:We screened the action targets of BXD on the anxiety model using network pharmacology,followed by Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis of the identified targets.Additionally,we evaluated the effects of BXD on rat anxiety behaviors induced by foot shock,with measurement of serum level of c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor(JIK),and the protein levels of c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK),phos-phorylated JNK(p-JNK)and JIK in the left hippocampus and hypothalamus.RESULTS:A total of 97 targets,including the dopamine D1/D3 receptors,were identified as intersection targets.GO enrichment analysis indicated that target pro-teins were significantly involved in molecular functions such as catecholamine binding,receptor activation,and signal transduction.KEGG pathway analysis revealed that neural receptor-ligand pathways,including dopaminergic synapses(15%)and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction(18%),were notably represented.In behavioral experiments,BXD and diazepam treatments significantly reduced total path in the open-field test(P＜0.01),while the number of entries into the central region increased(P＜0.05).Additionally,the percentage of entry times of the open arm and the percentage of time spent in the open arm were also increased(P＜0.01).Furthermore,BXD treatment led to decreased ratio of p-JNK/JNK and increased level of JIK(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:The traditional Chinese medicine BXD demonstrates a promising efficacy in alleviating anxiety-like behaviors in model rats.It operates through a multi-component,multi-target,and multi-pathway approach,primarily by modulating the JIK/JNK signaling pathway.

Acute lateral ankle sprain (ALAS) is one of the most common sport injuries, with high incidence, recurrence and disability rates. Currently, exercise rehabilitation-based non-surgical treatment is the primary management approach for ALAS. However, there remain improper practices such as excessive immobilization or uncontrolled activity, which contribute to recurrent sprains and chronic ankle instability, significantly impairing patients′ athletic function and quality of life. To standardize the non-surgical management of ALAS, improve the cure rates, and reduce the recurrence and disability rates, Chinese Sports Rehabilitation Medicine Training Project of Chinese Medical Association, Foot and Ankle Basics and Orthopedics Group, Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, and Sports Medicine Branch of Jiangsu Medical Association organized relevant experts to formulate Expert consensus on non-surgical treatment for acute lateral ankle sprain ( version 2025), following the principles of scientific vigor, practicality, and innovation. Thirteen recommendations were proposed for standardized treatment protocols across different healing phases, aiming to provide references for standard management of ALAS and improve the therapeutic outcomes.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of Sanhua essential oil inhalation as aromatherapy in patients with breast cancer-related depression.MethodsIn total, 144 patients with breast cancer-related depression who underwent postoperative chemotherapy were recruited. The participants in the control group (n = 52) were offered a placebo (sunflower oil) daily, whereas those in the essential oil group (n = 52) were administered Sanhua essential oil. This study evaluated depression improvement, Hamilton Depression Scale score, scores of symptoms in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Pittsburgh Sleepiness Quotient Index score, incidence of nausea and vomiting, and signal changes on functional magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsDepression improved by 48.1% and 21.2% in the essential oil and control groups, respectively (P = .010). The Hamilton Depression Scale score (P = .017), scores for symptoms in TCM (P = .002), and the incidence of nausea and vomiting in the acute and delayed phases were lower in the essential oil group than in the control group (nausea in the acute phase, P = .017; nausea in the delayed phase, P = .039; vomiting in the acute phase, P = .008; vomiting in the delayed phase, P = .081). The Pittsburgh Sleepiness Quotient Index score was lower in the essential oil group than in the control group (P = .005). Significant differences existed between the two groups in the left superior parietal gyrus, right precuneus, left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, and right precentral gyrus according to functional connectivity on functional magnetic resonance imaging.ConclusionInhalation of Sanhua essential oil alleviated depression in patients undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer, improved sleep quality, relieved TCM symptoms, reduced nausea and vomiting, and regulated activities in the brain regions.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of high-resolution magnetic resonance black blood technology imaging (MRBTI) and CT angiography (CTA) in detecting carotid plaque in predicting stroke.Methods:A prospective study was conducted on 135 patients with carotid artery disease diagnosed and treated in Handan Central Hospital from January 2020 to June 2022, all patients underwent cervical MRBTI and CTA examinations. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was used as the gold standard to compare the diagnostic value of the two detection methods for carotid plaque properties. Patients were followed up for 2 years and divided into stroke and non-stroke according to the result of follower-up. Imaging indexes of the two groups were compared, and the predictive value of MRBTI combined with CTA for stroke was evaluated by receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:The relevant data of 134 patients were included in statistical analysis. For severe carotid stenosis and ulcerative plaques, the accuracy of CTA examination was 85.11% and 84.91% separately, that of MRBTI examination was 91.49% and 92.45%, the combined examination was 95.74% and 96.23%, and the above three examination methods was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). The detection accuracy rates of CTA for mild, moderate carotid artery stenosis and smooth, irregular plaque, were 73.08%, 86.89%, 73.91% and 86.21%, those of MRBTI detection were 92.31%, 91.80%, 86.96% and 93.10%, and those of combined detection were 100.00%, 98.36%, 100.00% and 98.28%, the combined detection was higher than those of CTA and MRBTI alone ( P<0.05); there was no statistically significant difference in the level of tube wall area between the stroke patients and the non-stroke patients ( P>0.05), but the total vascular area and lumen area in stroke patients were significantly higher than those in non-stroke patients: (103.48 ± 22.48) mm 2 vs. (92.51 ± 16.26) mm 2, (46.18 ± 11.03) mm 2 vs. (41.32 ± 10.52) mm 2, and normal wall index was significantly lower: (0.54 ± 0.12) mm 2 vs. (0.61 ± 0.09) mm 2 ( P<0.05); ROC curve analysis showed that MRBTI combined with CTA had the best predictive efficacy for stroke, with area under the curve (AUC) value as high as 0.82, and its sensitivity (79.00%) was significantly higher than that predicted by MRBTI indexes (total vascular area, lumen area and normal wall index) (51.90%, 39.50%, 56.80%) or CTA (30.90%) alone, with statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The combination of MRBTI and CTA can improve the diagnostic efficiency of carotid artery disease and the prediction efficiency of stroke, and can be used as an auxiliary examination means of DSA to provide a more reliable clinical basis for the assessment of plaque characteristics in patients with carotid artery disease and the prediction of stroke.

[Purpose]To analyze the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in Zhejiang can-cer registration areas in 2021 and its temporal trends from 2000 to 2021.[Methods]Data from 22 cancer registries in Zhejiang Province in 2021 that met the quality standards were included.The crude incidence/mortality rate,age-standardized incidence/mortality rates by Chinese standard population(ASIRC/ASMRC)and by world standard population(ASIRW/ASMRW),and cumulative incidence(mortality)rate for 0～74 years old were calculated.Trends from 2000 to 2021 were ana-lyzed using the Joinpoint regression model by calculating the annual percentage change(APC)and average annual percentage change(AAPC).[Results]In 2021,the number of new colorectal cancer cases in Zhejiang cancer registration areas was 12 265,with 4 323 deaths.ASIRC and ASMRC were significantly higher in men(32.74/105 and 10.11/105)than those in women(20.78/105 and 5.99/105).Urban areas showed higher ASIRC and ASMRC(28.27/105 and 8.06/105)than rural areas(24.12/105 and 7.85/105).The age-specific incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer in Zhejiang Province showed an increasing trend with age,with a peak of 219.63/105 in the age group of 80～84 years old.The age-specific mortality rate peaked in the age group of 85 years old and above,with a peak of 199.65/105.From 2000 to 2021,ASIRC in Zhejiang Province showed an upward trend(AAPC=2.23％,P＜0.001),ASMRC showed a marginal increase(AAPC=0.78％,P=0.067).[Conclusion]The incidence of colorectal cancer in Zhejiang Province had been on a continuous rise in the past 22 years,and health education and early screening should be empha-sized.

Objective:This current study aims to explore the approaches for constructing a professional clinical research system within the context of research ward development, with the ultimate objective of providing valuable guidance for the establishment and development of proficient clinical research teams.Methods:Through a comprehensive case analysis, integrating the practical experiences from clinical trials conducted in the research ward of a Class-A tertiary hospital in Beijing, along with an extensive review of relevant literature and policy studies, this paper examined the current state of domestic clinical research implementation teams. Subsequently, a series of strategies were devised to build and foster professional clinical research teams and to explore corrective measures for cultivating a dynamic professional clinical research talent ecosystem.Results:The development of full-time clinical research teams in China was rather slow, and there was a lack of mature clinical trial teams training blueprints. Drawing on the practical experience accumulated during the establishment of a professional clinical research team in a leading hospital in Beijing, it was crucial to attach utmost importance to the optimal allocation of human and material resources. This required the systematic training of principal investigators, coordinating researchers, and research assistants, as well as the setting up of a comprehensive support system, an advanced scientific research team, and a quality control unit. Moreover, the standardization of operational models of both domestic and foreign research institutions, along with the implementation of corresponding support and incentive mechanisms, and the strengthening of training and continuing education frameworks were equally significant.Conclusions:During the process of assembling a full-time clinical research team, it is of utmost significance to cultivate professional principal investigators, coordinating researchers, and research assistants. Complemented by the establishment of a comprehensive support team, a scientific research team, and a quality control team, along with corresponding support and incentive mechanisms, this is crucial for constructing a professional clinical research execution team and a sustainable talent ecosystem in the research ward. Eventually, this will drive the efficient and high-quality progress of China's pharmaceutical industry.

Multidrug-resistant organisms(MDROs)have emerged as one of the major pathogens causing hospital-associated infections in intensive care unit(ICU).ICU nurses play a pivotal role in prevention and control of the MDROs infection,and the levels of their knowledge,attitudes and practices(KAP)towards the prevention and control of MDROs infections directly affect the implementation effect.The current status and influencing factors for the ICU nurses' KAP regarding prevention and control of MDROs infections as well as the evaluation tools were reviewed in the article,and it is suggested that the training of ICU nurses should be strengthened,the multi-disciplinary collaboration should be intensified,and a dedicated nurse post for prevention and control of infections should be set up so as to provide bases for the prevention and control practices of MDROs infections.