Objective: To systematically evaluate the association between maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and offspring social behavior, so as to provide a theoretical basis for further research on intergenerational social behavioral development. Methods: Relevant research literature about maternal ACEs and the development of children s maladaptive social behaviors were collected, from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP, Wanfang, SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase and SpringLink databases, covering the period from the inception of each database to May 2025. The Chinese database matched and searched through three groups of keywords: "Pregnant women" "Mothers" and "Women"; "Bad childhood experience" "Bad early experience" and "Bad adolescent experience"; "Children" "Teenagers" "Children s behavior" "Children s development" "Teenagers behavior" "Internalized behavior" and "Externalized behavior". The English database was searched by three groups of keywords: "Female" "Pregnant women" "Mothers"; "Adverse childhood experiences" "Adverse early childhood experiences" "Adverse experiences of adolescent"; "Child behavior" "Child development" "Adolescent behavior" "Internalized behaviors" "Externalized behaviors". The selected literature was evaluated for quality and data extraction, with OR and 95% CI as effect indicators. Stata 16.0 software was used for heterogeneity testing, subgroup analysis, and publication bias analysis. Results: A total of 14 studies involving 64 302 mother-child pairs were included. The Meta analysis results showed a significant correlation between maternal ACEs and both offspring maladaptive internalized behaviors ( OR=1.75, 95%CI=1.42-2.15, P <0.01) and externalized behaviors ( OR=1.82, 95%CI=1.51-2.20, P <0.01). The results of subgroup analyses showed that in different regions[internalized behaviors:domestic, foreign OR (95% CI )=2.03(1.49-2.76), 1.55(1.19-2.03); externalized behaviors: domestic, foreign OR (95% CI )=2.41(1.52-3.82), 1.65(1.36-2.01)], study type[internalized behaviors: cohort study, cross sectional study OR (95% CI )=1.64(1.34-2.00), 1.85(1.30-2.65); externalized behaviors: cohort study, cross sectional study OR (95% CI )=1.76(1.46-2.12), 2.12(1.40-3.20)], sample size [internalized behaviors: ≥4 000, <4 000 pairs OR (95% CI )=1.69(1.13-2.55), 1.77( 1.41 -2.24); externalized behaviors: ≥3 000, <3 000 pairs OR (95% CI )=1.72(1.37-2.17), 2.13(1.44-3.15)], there were significant and positive association between mothers ACEs and children s internalizing and externalizing behaviors (all P <0.05). Conclusion A substantial positive association exists between maternal ACEs and the development of offspring maladaptive internalized and externalized behaviors, but the result needs to be continued to be validated by more research.

Objective: To investigate the effects of β-caryophyllene(BCP) on the browning of white adipose tissue in obese mice and the related mechanisms. Methods: An obese mouse model was establishedviaintraperitoneal injection of a high-fat diet supplemented with propylthiouracil saline solution [14.4 mg/(kg·d)] in male Kunming mice. Obesity model mice were randomly divided into a model group(Model group) and a BCP administration group(BCP-50 group); normal diet mice were set up as a control group(Control group), with 8 mice in each group. BCP administration was given by gavage at a dose of 50 mg/kg once in the morning and once in the evening in the BCP-administered group, while the rest of the group was administered by gavage with aqueous solution of Tween 80 for 4 weeks. The oral glucose tolerance test was performed at the end of 4-week administration, and mice were executed after overnight fasting at the end of the experiment, and blood samples and adipose tissues were rapidly collected for subsequent experimental tests. The kit was used to detect serological-related indexes; hematoxylin-eosin staining was conducted to observe the morphology of adipose tissue; immunohistochemical staining was carried out to observe the expression of uncoupling protein 1(UCP1) in adipose tissue; Western blot was employed to detect expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator1-α(PGC1α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ(PPARγ), UCP1 and cannabinoid receptor 2(CNR2) proteins in epididymal white adipose(eWAT). Results: Compared with the model group, the body mass of obese mice in the BCP-50 group was significantly reduced(P<0.05), food intake was decreased(P<0.01), insulin resistance was improved(P<0.000 1), and the serum content of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and nonesterified fatty acid(NEFA) in the obese mice was significantly reduced(P<0.000 1 andP<0.01). Total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) contents did not change significantly. In addition, the adiposity coefficient and eWAT specific gravity of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were significantly decreased(P<0.05); the adipocytes in eWAT and BAT were reduced; and the expression of the UCP1 protein was significantly elevated(P<0.01 andP<0.05). In addition to UCP1, the expression levels of PGC1α, PPARγ, and CNR2 proteins in the eWAT of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were also significantly elevated(P<0.01,P<0.05, andP<0.001). Conclusion β-caryophyllene promotes white adipose tissue browning through up-regulating PPARγ/PGC-1α/UCP1 pathway expression, thus improving obesity.

Objective: To construct an evaluation index system of oral health literacy for children's parents, so as to provide an index system for the evaluation of oral health literacy for children's parents in China. Methods: The evaluation index system of oral health literacy for children's parents was designed based on literature review and semi-structured interview. Experts from oral prevention and pediatric oral medicine were invited to participate in two-round Delphi consultations. The indicators were scored and screened according to the importance, and the weight determined using analytic hierarchy process. The effectiveness of the consultation was evaluated by positive coefficient, authority coefficient and coordination coefficient. Results: Twenty-four experts participated in the consultation, including 6 males and 18 females. There were 21 experts with a master degree, 3 experts with a doctor degree, and 20 experts with vice senior professional titles and above. The recovery rates of the two rounds of consultations were 96.00% and 100.00%, the authority coefficients were 0.866 and 0.917, the Kendall's coefficient of concordance were 0.120 and 0.156 (both P<0.05), and the coefficient of variation was 0.15-0.38 and 0.03-0.17, respectively. The final evaluation index system included 3 primary indicators, 11 secondary indicators and 40 tertiary indicators. The primary indicators were basic knowledge and concepts related to oral health, promoting lifestyle and behaviors related to oral health, and maintaining basic skills related to oral health. Conclusion The evaluation index system of oral health literacy for children's parents has been established in this study and needs to be further applied and evaluated.

Objective To investigate the effects of β-caryophyllene(BCP)on the browning of white adipose tissue in obese mice and the related mechanisms.Methods An obese mouse model was established via intraperitoneal injection of a high-fat diet supplemented with propylthiouracil saline solution[14.4 mg/(kg·d)]in male Kun-ming mice.Obesity model mice were randomly divided into a model group(Model group)and a BCP administra-tion group(BCP-50 group);normal diet mice were set up as a control group(Control group),with 8 mice in each group.BCP administration was given by gavage at a dose of 50 mg/kg once in the morning and once in the evening in the BCP-administered group,while the rest of the group was administered by gavage with aqueous solution of Tween 80 for 4 weeks.The oral glucose tolerance test was performed at the end of 4-week administration,and mice were executed after overnight fasting at the end of the experiment,and blood samples and adipose tissues were rap-idly collected for subsequent experimental tests.The kit was used to detect serological-related indexes;hematoxy-lin-eosin staining was conducted to observe the morphology of adipose tissue;immunohistochemical staining was carried out to observe the expression of uncoupling protein 1(UCP1)in adipose tissue;Western blot was employed to detect expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator1-α(PGC1α),peroxisome prolifera-tor-activated receptor γ(PPARγ),UCP1 and cannabinoid receptor 2(CNR2)proteins in epididymal white adi-pose(eWAT).Results Compared with the model group,the body mass of obese mice in the BCP-50 group was significantly reduced(P＜0.05),food intake was decreased(P＜0.01),insulin resistance was improved(P＜0.000 1),and the serum content of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and nonesterified fatty acid(NE-FA)in the obese mice was significantly reduced(P＜0.000 1 and P＜0.01).Total cholesterol(TC),triglycer-ide(TG),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)contents did not change significantly.In addition,the adiposity coefficient and eWAT specific gravity of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05);the adipocytes in eWAT and BAT were reduced;and the expression of the UCP1 protein was signifi-cantly elevated(P＜0.01 and P＜0.05).In addition to UCP1,the expression levels of PGC1α,PPARγ,and CNR2 proteins in the eWAT of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were also significantly elevated(P＜0.01,P＜0.05,and P＜0.001).Conclusion β-caryophyllene promotes white adipose tissue browning through up-regula-ting PPARγ/PGC-1α/UCP1 pathway expression,thus improving obesity.

Objective To investigate the effects of β-caryophyllene(BCP)on the browning of white adipose tissue in obese mice and the related mechanisms.Methods An obese mouse model was established via intraperitoneal injection of a high-fat diet supplemented with propylthiouracil saline solution[14.4 mg/(kg·d)]in male Kun-ming mice.Obesity model mice were randomly divided into a model group(Model group)and a BCP administra-tion group(BCP-50 group);normal diet mice were set up as a control group(Control group),with 8 mice in each group.BCP administration was given by gavage at a dose of 50 mg/kg once in the morning and once in the evening in the BCP-administered group,while the rest of the group was administered by gavage with aqueous solution of Tween 80 for 4 weeks.The oral glucose tolerance test was performed at the end of 4-week administration,and mice were executed after overnight fasting at the end of the experiment,and blood samples and adipose tissues were rap-idly collected for subsequent experimental tests.The kit was used to detect serological-related indexes;hematoxy-lin-eosin staining was conducted to observe the morphology of adipose tissue;immunohistochemical staining was carried out to observe the expression of uncoupling protein 1(UCP1)in adipose tissue;Western blot was employed to detect expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator1-α(PGC1α),peroxisome prolifera-tor-activated receptor γ(PPARγ),UCP1 and cannabinoid receptor 2(CNR2)proteins in epididymal white adi-pose(eWAT).Results Compared with the model group,the body mass of obese mice in the BCP-50 group was significantly reduced(P＜0.05),food intake was decreased(P＜0.01),insulin resistance was improved(P＜0.000 1),and the serum content of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and nonesterified fatty acid(NE-FA)in the obese mice was significantly reduced(P＜0.000 1 and P＜0.01).Total cholesterol(TC),triglycer-ide(TG),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)contents did not change significantly.In addition,the adiposity coefficient and eWAT specific gravity of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05);the adipocytes in eWAT and BAT were reduced;and the expression of the UCP1 protein was signifi-cantly elevated(P＜0.01 and P＜0.05).In addition to UCP1,the expression levels of PGC1α,PPARγ,and CNR2 proteins in the eWAT of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were also significantly elevated(P＜0.01,P＜0.05,and P＜0.001).Conclusion β-caryophyllene promotes white adipose tissue browning through up-regula-ting PPARγ/PGC-1α/UCP1 pathway expression,thus improving obesity.

Objective To investigate the effects of β-caryophyllene(BCP)on the browning of white adipose tissue in obese mice and the related mechanisms.Methods An obese mouse model was established via intraperitoneal injection of a high-fat diet supplemented with propylthiouracil saline solution[14.4 mg/(kg·d)]in male Kun-ming mice.Obesity model mice were randomly divided into a model group(Model group)and a BCP administra-tion group(BCP-50 group);normal diet mice were set up as a control group(Control group),with 8 mice in each group.BCP administration was given by gavage at a dose of 50 mg/kg once in the morning and once in the evening in the BCP-administered group,while the rest of the group was administered by gavage with aqueous solution of Tween 80 for 4 weeks.The oral glucose tolerance test was performed at the end of 4-week administration,and mice were executed after overnight fasting at the end of the experiment,and blood samples and adipose tissues were rap-idly collected for subsequent experimental tests.The kit was used to detect serological-related indexes;hematoxy-lin-eosin staining was conducted to observe the morphology of adipose tissue;immunohistochemical staining was carried out to observe the expression of uncoupling protein 1(UCP1)in adipose tissue;Western blot was employed to detect expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator1-α(PGC1α),peroxisome prolifera-tor-activated receptor γ(PPARγ),UCP1 and cannabinoid receptor 2(CNR2)proteins in epididymal white adi-pose(eWAT).Results Compared with the model group,the body mass of obese mice in the BCP-50 group was significantly reduced(P＜0.05),food intake was decreased(P＜0.01),insulin resistance was improved(P＜0.000 1),and the serum content of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and nonesterified fatty acid(NE-FA)in the obese mice was significantly reduced(P＜0.000 1 and P＜0.01).Total cholesterol(TC),triglycer-ide(TG),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)contents did not change significantly.In addition,the adiposity coefficient and eWAT specific gravity of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05);the adipocytes in eWAT and BAT were reduced;and the expression of the UCP1 protein was signifi-cantly elevated(P＜0.01 and P＜0.05).In addition to UCP1,the expression levels of PGC1α,PPARγ,and CNR2 proteins in the eWAT of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were also significantly elevated(P＜0.01,P＜0.05,and P＜0.001).Conclusion β-caryophyllene promotes white adipose tissue browning through up-regula-ting PPARγ/PGC-1α/UCP1 pathway expression,thus improving obesity.

Objective To investigate the effects of β-caryophyllene(BCP)on the browning of white adipose tissue in obese mice and the related mechanisms.Methods An obese mouse model was established via intraperitoneal injection of a high-fat diet supplemented with propylthiouracil saline solution[14.4 mg/(kg·d)]in male Kun-ming mice.Obesity model mice were randomly divided into a model group(Model group)and a BCP administra-tion group(BCP-50 group);normal diet mice were set up as a control group(Control group),with 8 mice in each group.BCP administration was given by gavage at a dose of 50 mg/kg once in the morning and once in the evening in the BCP-administered group,while the rest of the group was administered by gavage with aqueous solution of Tween 80 for 4 weeks.The oral glucose tolerance test was performed at the end of 4-week administration,and mice were executed after overnight fasting at the end of the experiment,and blood samples and adipose tissues were rap-idly collected for subsequent experimental tests.The kit was used to detect serological-related indexes;hematoxy-lin-eosin staining was conducted to observe the morphology of adipose tissue;immunohistochemical staining was carried out to observe the expression of uncoupling protein 1(UCP1)in adipose tissue;Western blot was employed to detect expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator1-α(PGC1α),peroxisome prolifera-tor-activated receptor γ(PPARγ),UCP1 and cannabinoid receptor 2(CNR2)proteins in epididymal white adi-pose(eWAT).Results Compared with the model group,the body mass of obese mice in the BCP-50 group was significantly reduced(P＜0.05),food intake was decreased(P＜0.01),insulin resistance was improved(P＜0.000 1),and the serum content of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and nonesterified fatty acid(NE-FA)in the obese mice was significantly reduced(P＜0.000 1 and P＜0.01).Total cholesterol(TC),triglycer-ide(TG),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)contents did not change significantly.In addition,the adiposity coefficient and eWAT specific gravity of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05);the adipocytes in eWAT and BAT were reduced;and the expression of the UCP1 protein was signifi-cantly elevated(P＜0.01 and P＜0.05).In addition to UCP1,the expression levels of PGC1α,PPARγ,and CNR2 proteins in the eWAT of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were also significantly elevated(P＜0.01,P＜0.05,and P＜0.001).Conclusion β-caryophyllene promotes white adipose tissue browning through up-regula-ting PPARγ/PGC-1α/UCP1 pathway expression,thus improving obesity.

Objective To investigate the effects of β-caryophyllene(BCP)on the browning of white adipose tissue in obese mice and the related mechanisms.Methods An obese mouse model was established via intraperitoneal injection of a high-fat diet supplemented with propylthiouracil saline solution[14.4 mg/(kg·d)]in male Kun-ming mice.Obesity model mice were randomly divided into a model group(Model group)and a BCP administra-tion group(BCP-50 group);normal diet mice were set up as a control group(Control group),with 8 mice in each group.BCP administration was given by gavage at a dose of 50 mg/kg once in the morning and once in the evening in the BCP-administered group,while the rest of the group was administered by gavage with aqueous solution of Tween 80 for 4 weeks.The oral glucose tolerance test was performed at the end of 4-week administration,and mice were executed after overnight fasting at the end of the experiment,and blood samples and adipose tissues were rap-idly collected for subsequent experimental tests.The kit was used to detect serological-related indexes;hematoxy-lin-eosin staining was conducted to observe the morphology of adipose tissue;immunohistochemical staining was carried out to observe the expression of uncoupling protein 1(UCP1)in adipose tissue;Western blot was employed to detect expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator1-α(PGC1α),peroxisome prolifera-tor-activated receptor γ(PPARγ),UCP1 and cannabinoid receptor 2(CNR2)proteins in epididymal white adi-pose(eWAT).Results Compared with the model group,the body mass of obese mice in the BCP-50 group was significantly reduced(P＜0.05),food intake was decreased(P＜0.01),insulin resistance was improved(P＜0.000 1),and the serum content of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and nonesterified fatty acid(NE-FA)in the obese mice was significantly reduced(P＜0.000 1 and P＜0.01).Total cholesterol(TC),triglycer-ide(TG),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)contents did not change significantly.In addition,the adiposity coefficient and eWAT specific gravity of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05);the adipocytes in eWAT and BAT were reduced;and the expression of the UCP1 protein was signifi-cantly elevated(P＜0.01 and P＜0.05).In addition to UCP1,the expression levels of PGC1α,PPARγ,and CNR2 proteins in the eWAT of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were also significantly elevated(P＜0.01,P＜0.05,and P＜0.001).Conclusion β-caryophyllene promotes white adipose tissue browning through up-regula-ting PPARγ/PGC-1α/UCP1 pathway expression,thus improving obesity.

Objective To investigate the effects of β-caryophyllene(BCP)on the browning of white adipose tissue in obese mice and the related mechanisms.Methods An obese mouse model was established via intraperitoneal injection of a high-fat diet supplemented with propylthiouracil saline solution[14.4 mg/(kg·d)]in male Kun-ming mice.Obesity model mice were randomly divided into a model group(Model group)and a BCP administra-tion group(BCP-50 group);normal diet mice were set up as a control group(Control group),with 8 mice in each group.BCP administration was given by gavage at a dose of 50 mg/kg once in the morning and once in the evening in the BCP-administered group,while the rest of the group was administered by gavage with aqueous solution of Tween 80 for 4 weeks.The oral glucose tolerance test was performed at the end of 4-week administration,and mice were executed after overnight fasting at the end of the experiment,and blood samples and adipose tissues were rap-idly collected for subsequent experimental tests.The kit was used to detect serological-related indexes;hematoxy-lin-eosin staining was conducted to observe the morphology of adipose tissue;immunohistochemical staining was carried out to observe the expression of uncoupling protein 1(UCP1)in adipose tissue;Western blot was employed to detect expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator1-α(PGC1α),peroxisome prolifera-tor-activated receptor γ(PPARγ),UCP1 and cannabinoid receptor 2(CNR2)proteins in epididymal white adi-pose(eWAT).Results Compared with the model group,the body mass of obese mice in the BCP-50 group was significantly reduced(P＜0.05),food intake was decreased(P＜0.01),insulin resistance was improved(P＜0.000 1),and the serum content of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and nonesterified fatty acid(NE-FA)in the obese mice was significantly reduced(P＜0.000 1 and P＜0.01).Total cholesterol(TC),triglycer-ide(TG),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)contents did not change significantly.In addition,the adiposity coefficient and eWAT specific gravity of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05);the adipocytes in eWAT and BAT were reduced;and the expression of the UCP1 protein was signifi-cantly elevated(P＜0.01 and P＜0.05).In addition to UCP1,the expression levels of PGC1α,PPARγ,and CNR2 proteins in the eWAT of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were also significantly elevated(P＜0.01,P＜0.05,and P＜0.001).Conclusion β-caryophyllene promotes white adipose tissue browning through up-regula-ting PPARγ/PGC-1α/UCP1 pathway expression,thus improving obesity.

Objective To investigate the effects of β-caryophyllene(BCP)on the browning of white adipose tissue in obese mice and the related mechanisms.Methods An obese mouse model was established via intraperitoneal injection of a high-fat diet supplemented with propylthiouracil saline solution[14.4 mg/(kg·d)]in male Kun-ming mice.Obesity model mice were randomly divided into a model group(Model group)and a BCP administra-tion group(BCP-50 group);normal diet mice were set up as a control group(Control group),with 8 mice in each group.BCP administration was given by gavage at a dose of 50 mg/kg once in the morning and once in the evening in the BCP-administered group,while the rest of the group was administered by gavage with aqueous solution of Tween 80 for 4 weeks.The oral glucose tolerance test was performed at the end of 4-week administration,and mice were executed after overnight fasting at the end of the experiment,and blood samples and adipose tissues were rap-idly collected for subsequent experimental tests.The kit was used to detect serological-related indexes;hematoxy-lin-eosin staining was conducted to observe the morphology of adipose tissue;immunohistochemical staining was carried out to observe the expression of uncoupling protein 1(UCP1)in adipose tissue;Western blot was employed to detect expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator1-α(PGC1α),peroxisome prolifera-tor-activated receptor γ(PPARγ),UCP1 and cannabinoid receptor 2(CNR2)proteins in epididymal white adi-pose(eWAT).Results Compared with the model group,the body mass of obese mice in the BCP-50 group was significantly reduced(P＜0.05),food intake was decreased(P＜0.01),insulin resistance was improved(P＜0.000 1),and the serum content of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and nonesterified fatty acid(NE-FA)in the obese mice was significantly reduced(P＜0.000 1 and P＜0.01).Total cholesterol(TC),triglycer-ide(TG),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)contents did not change significantly.In addition,the adiposity coefficient and eWAT specific gravity of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05);the adipocytes in eWAT and BAT were reduced;and the expression of the UCP1 protein was signifi-cantly elevated(P＜0.01 and P＜0.05).In addition to UCP1,the expression levels of PGC1α,PPARγ,and CNR2 proteins in the eWAT of obese mice in the BCP-50 group were also significantly elevated(P＜0.01,P＜0.05,and P＜0.001).Conclusion β-caryophyllene promotes white adipose tissue browning through up-regula-ting PPARγ/PGC-1α/UCP1 pathway expression,thus improving obesity.