Sangjuyin， as a pungent and cooling agent with precise therapeutic effect， is a classic pungent formula for cooling relief of the epidermis， which is highly respected by medical practitioners. This formula is from the Wenbing Tiaobian written by WU Jutong in the Qing dynasty， on the basis of which subsequent medical practitioners have made additions and subtractions to apply it. The authors used the bibliometric method to systematically organize the medical books from the Qing dynasty and the Republic of China and modern literature to analyze the composition， concoction， decoction， efficacy， and previous and modern application of Sangjuyin. After examination， the drug base of this formula is basically clear. Armeniacae Semen Amarum is the dried mature seeds of Armeniaca vulgaris， family Rosaceae. Forsythiae Fructus is the dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa， family Mulleinaceae. Menthae Haplocalycis Herba is the dried above-ground part of Mentha haplocalyx， family Labiatae. Mori Folium is the dried leaves of Morus alba， family Moraceae. Chrysanthemi Flos is the dried head of Chrysanthemum morifolium， family Asteraceae. Platycodonis Radix is the dried root of Eryngium grandiflorum， family Eryngium. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is the dried root and rhizome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis of the Leguminosae family， and Phragmitis Rhizoma is the fresh or dried rhizome of Phragmites communis of the Gramineae family. It is recommended that the eight drugs be used in raw form as medicine. The dosage and method of decoction were converted into a modern single dosage of 7.46 g Armeniacae Semen Amarum， 5.60 g Forsythiae Fructus， 2.98 g Menthae Haplocalycis Herba， 9.33 g Mori Folium， 3.73 g Chrysanthemi Flos， 7.46 g Platycodonis Radix， 2.98 g Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， and 11.19 g Phragmitis Rhizoma， with 400 mL water added， and the solution was boiled to obtain 200 mL， taken twice a day. Sangjuyin has the efficacy of dispersing wind and clearing heat， promoting lung and relieving cough， and it is used for treating the initial onset of wind-warmth and the evidence of evil spirits in the lungs and collaterals. Modern research has shown that Sangjuyin is often used in the treatment of cough， pneumonia， rhinitis， and other respiratory diseases， and the results of this study provide a reference for the later development of Sangjuyin.

Phages, as obligate bacterial and archaeal parasites, constitute a virus group of paramount ecological significance due to their exceptional abundance and genetic diversity. These biological entities serve as critical regulators in Earth's ecosystems, driving biogeochemical cycles, energy fluxes, and ecosystem services across terrestrial and marine environments. Within soil microbiomes, phages function as microbial "dark matter," maintaining the soil-plant system balance through precise modulation of the microbial community structure and functional dynamics. Despite the growing research interests in soil phages in recent years, the proportion of such studies in environmental virology remains disproportionately low, which is primarily attributed to researchers' limited familiarity with the research methodologies for phage microecology, incomplete technical frameworks, and inherent challenges posed by soil environmental complexity. To address these challenges, this review synthesizes cutting-edge methodologies for soil phage investigation from four aspects: (1) tangential flow filtration (TFF)-based phage enrichment strategies; (2) integrated quantification approaches combining double-layer agar plating, epifluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry; (3) multi-omics analytical pipelines leveraging metagenomics and viromics datasets; and (4) computational frameworks merging machine learning algorithms with eco-evolutionary theory for deciphering phage-host interaction networks. Through comparative analysis of methodological principles, technical merits, and application scopes, we establish a comprehensive workflow for soil phage research. Future research in this field should prioritize: (1) construction of soil phage resource libraries, (2) exploration of RNA phages based on transcriptomes, (3) functional characterization of unknown genes, and (4) deep integration and interaction validation of multi-omics data. This systematic methodological synthesis provides critical technical references for addressing fundamental challenges in characterizing soil phages regarding the community structure, functional potential, and interaction mechanisms with hosts.
Bacteriophages/physiology* ; Soil Microbiology ; Ecosystem ; Microbiota ; Metagenomics/methods*

Objective:To evaluate clinical efficacy of Xuanbai Chengqi Decoction in the treatment of severe pneumonia with gastrointestinal dysfunction of syndrome of lung heat and fu-organ excess; To discuss its effects on short chain fatty acid (SCFA)/G protein coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) axis.Methods:It was a randomized controlled trial. From January 2020 to January 2022, 60 hospitalized patients with severe pneumonia complicated with gastrointestinal dysfunction (syndrome of lung heat and fu-organ excess) in the Intensive Care Department and Emergency Intensive Care Unit of Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine were selected as the observation subjects. They were divided into experimental group and control group according to random number table method, with 30 cases in each group. Patients in the control group were treated with conventional Western medicine, while patients in the experimental group received Xuanbai Chengqi Decoction combined with conventional Western medicine. Both groups were treated continuously for 7 days and followed up for 28 days. TCM syndrome scores were evaluated before and after treatment. Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS) was used to assess pulmonary infection, Gastrointestinal Dysfunction Score (GIDS) was used to assess the degree of gastrointestinal dysfunction, and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score was used to assess the prognosis. ELISA was used to detect levels of procalcitonin (PCT), IL-6, CRP, D-lactate (D-LA), short chain fatty acids (SCFA), and G protein coupled receptor 43 (GPR43). The fully automated blood analyzer (flow cytometry) was used to detect white blood cells (WBC) and the proportion of neutrophils (N%). Indirect bladder pressure measurement method was used to measure the intra-abdominal pressure of patients. During treatment, the adverse reactions or events were recorded. Patients were followed up for 28 days and the 28-day mortality rate was recorded.Results:The total effective rate was 73.33% (22/30) in the experimental group and 40.00% (12/30) in the control group, with statistical significance ( χ2=6.79, P<0.05). After treatment, TCM syndrome scores, CPIS, GIDS, and APACHEⅡ score in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group ( t values were 2.84，3.34，2.75，3.05，respectively， P<0.01), serum PCT [(0.35 ± 0.11) μg/L vs. (0.64 ± 0.10) μg/L, t=2.45], IL-6 [(19.33 ± 3.54) ng/L vs. (60.13 ± 15.01) ng/L, t=2.98], N% [(78.84 ± 2.09)% vs. (83.30±2.31)%, t=3.43], and CRP [(28.43 ± 6.38) mg/L vs. (54.48 ± 9.03) mg/L, t=4.02], intra-abdominal pressure [(9.11 ± 2.55) mmHg vs.(11.70 ± 3.02) mmHg, t=7.78] and D-LA [(0.11±0.05) mmol/L vs. (0.18±0.12) mmol/L, t=6.45] in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). After treatment, serum SCFA [(48.18 ± 36.31) μmol/L vs. (35.10 ± 19.32)μmol/L, t=1.95] and GPR43 [(1 254.61 ± 437.40) ng/L vs. (990.15 ± 403.03) ng/L, t=2.13] in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The 28-day mortality rates of the experimental group and the control group were 20.00% (6/30) and 46.67% (14/30) respectively, with statistical significance ( χ2=4.80, P<0.05). During the trial, there were no serious adverse reactions or adverse events in either group. Conclusion:Xuanbai Chengqi Decoction can effectively treat severe pneumonia complicated with gastrointestinal dysfunction. The mechanism may involve the up-regulation of SCFA/GPR43 axis.

ObjectiveTo explore the influence of "Internet plus" postpartum health care service on postpartum depression, and to provide an evidence for reducing the incidence of postpartum depression and improving the quality of life for postnatal women. MethodsMothers who gave birth between August 1, 2021 and June 30, 2023 lived in the six streets of Xuhui District were selected as the research subjects. The puerperants were randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group according to the order of enrollment using a numerical numbering system, with 210 cases in each of the intervention group and control group. The intervention group adopted the "Internet plus" postpartum health care services, while the control group adopted the conventional postpartum health care services. The risk factors related to postpartum mental health and the incidence of postpartum depression were compared between the two groups. ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in the scores of postpartum mental health-related risk factors between the two groups at the first 2 weeks and 1st month after delivery (t=0.736 and t=1.260, P>0.05). However, there was a statistically significant difference in the scores of postpartum mental health-related risk factors at the 3rd months after delivery and 6th months after delivery (t=2.089, P<0.05; t=2.655, P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in depression scores at the first 2 weeks after the birth (t=0.560, P>0.05). In the 1st month, the 3rd month and the 6th month after delivery, the intervention group adopted the "Internet plus" postpartum health care service, thus the differences in depression scores were statistically significant (t=2.616, t=2.793 and t=3.107, P<0.05). Conclusion"Internet plus" postpartum health care service is conducive to reducing postpartum depression, promoting maternal mental health, and significantly improving the well-being of postnatal women.

Non-peptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist(GnRH-antagonist)is a highly efficient and selective antagonist of GnRH receptor.The oral preparations(Elagolix,Relugolix and Linza-golix)had been approved for listing abroad.It shows efficacy in reducing the size of uterine fi-broid and controlling heavy bleeding.Appropriate combination of'add-back'therapy could improve the safety in medical application and patient com-pliance.Compared with other hormonal pharma-ceuticals,oral GnRH-antagonists showed promising prospects in the treatment of uterine fibroid.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of Xuanbai Chengqi Decoction on respiratory and oxygenation functions and the ex-pression levels of serum aquaporin(AQP)1 and AQP5 in patients with severe pneumonia complicated with gastrointestinal dysfunction of lung heat and fu-organ repletion type.METHODS 60 patients with severe pneumonia complicated with gastrointestinal dysfunc-tion of lung heat and fu-organ repletion type were randomly divided into control group and treatment group,with 30 cases each.The control group received standardized Western medicine treatment,and the treatment group was treated with Xuanbai Chengqi Decoction in addition to the control group.Both groups were treated for 7 d.The respiratory rate and oxygenation index,mechanical ventilation u-tilization rate,the clinical score including CURB-65 and CPIS scores,TCM syndrome score,gastrointestinal function indicators inclu-ding intra-abdominal pressure,serum gastrin(GAS)and vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP),AQP1 and AQP5 levels were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.Ventilation utilization and ICU hospitalization days during treatment were compared between the two groups.RESULTS After treatment,compared with the control group,the respiratory rate,TCM syndrome score and intra-abdominal pressure in the treatment group were decreased significantly(P<0.05,P<0.01);meanwhile,the oxygenation index and the levels of serum GAS,AQP1 and AQP5 were increased significantly(P<0.05,P<0.01).CONCLUSION Xuanbai Chengqi Decoction can significantly improve clinical symptoms such as respiratory and oxygenation functions in patients,and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of AQP1 and AQP5.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy（HIE）is a neonatal brain injury disease caused by hypoxia and reduced cerebral blood flow due to perinatal asphyxia.Its incidence rate is quite high，and it is also one of the main factors leading to infant death. Effective treatment of HIE can reduce brain damage and improve the prognosis. In recent years，therapeutic hypothermia has been clinically recognized as an effective treatment for HIE，which can improve the survival rate of full-term infants with moderate to severe HIE and significantly reduce disability rates. However，the effective rate of the treatment is relatively low，with approximately 40% to 55% of children still facing moderate to severe neurodevelopmental sequela after therapeutic hypothermia.Therefore，a combination treament of HIE with neuroprotective drugs has been paid more attention.This treatment method further reduces the severity of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury，improves clinical symptoms，enhances neurological behavior，and alleviates neurodevelopmental disorders caused by hypoxic-ischemic brain injury，providing new ideas for exploring more neuroprotective therapies for HIE in the future.

Objective:To evaluate the impact of bladder volume on dosimetric parameters of clinical target volume (CTV) and organs at risk (OAR) of intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) for localized prostate cancer during the treatment planning and daily treatment.Methods:Clinical data of 25 patients with localized prostate cancer admitted to Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from November 2021 to June 2022 and enrolled in the "Proton Therapy System" (SAPT-PS-01) registered clinical trial were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were male and the median age was 72 years old. A total of 30 sets of IMPT plans were obtained. Based on the planning CT (30 sets) and weekly verification CT during treatment (172 sets), bladder volume, CTV and OAR dose parameters were collected. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between bladder volume in CT and the dosimetric parameters of CTV and OAR during IMPT plans, and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was adopted to compare the dosimetric parameters of CTV and OAR among different bladder volume change groups.Results:The V 95% of CTV1 and CTV2 were both 100.0%±0.0% in IMPT plans. Bladder volume was significantly negatively correlated with D mean, V 70 Gy(RBE), V 60 Gy(RBE), V 50 Gy(RBE), V 40 Gy(RBE) of the bladder ( P<0.001, 0.003, <0.001, <0.001,<0.001), and D mean, V 50 Gy(RBE) of the small intestine (both P<0.001). During treatment, bladder D mean, V 70 Gy(RBE), V 60 Gy(RBE), V 50 Gy(RBE), V 40 Gy(RBE)( P<0.001, 0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001), rectal D mean, V 50 Gy(RBE), V 40 Gy(RBE) (all P<0.001), small intestine D mean, V 50 Gy (RBE) (both P<0.001) of patients with bladder volume increase >20% compared to baseline were significantly decreased compared to those in IMPT plans. But CTV1 V 100%, and CTV2 V 95% were significantly decreased too( P=0.029, 0.020). In the bladder volume decreased>20% patients, the D mean, V 70 Gy(RBE), V 60 Gy(RBE), V 50 Gy(RBE), V 40 Gy(RBE) of the bladder were significantly increased compared to those in IMPT plans (all P<0.001). However, a bladder volume reduction of ≤20% and increase of ≤20% from baseline had no significant impact on CTV and OAR dosimetric parameters during treatment. Conclusions:For patients with localized prostate cancer undergoing proton therapy, a certain bladder volume should be ensured during planning CT scans. During the daily treatment, the bladder volume should be maintained between 80%-120% of the baseline level to ensure CTV coverage and good dose sparing to OAR.

Objective:To analyze the impact of health education based on the integrated theory of health behavior change on the cardiac function, exercise endurance and nursing satisfaction in patients with chronic heart failure.Methods:In this randomized controlled trial, 130 patients with chronic heart failure admitted to Quzhou Hospital Affiliated with Wenzhou Medical University from June 2020 to December 2022 were selected as the research subjects. The patients were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group (65 cases in each group) with a random number table method. The patients in the control group were given routine nursing care, the experimental group were given health education based on the integration theory of health behavior change on the basis of the control group, mainly including health assessment, health education, behavioral intervention, psychological support, etc. The intervention time for both group was 4 weeks. The independent sample t-test, χ2 test and Mann Whitney U test were applied to compare the improvement of cardiac function, plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), echocardiographic indexes [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular volume index (LVMI) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD)] and exercise endurance [maximum oxygen uptake (VO 2max), maximum power and exhaustion time] between the two groups, and the nursing satisfaction of the two groups was compared too. Based on the above results, the impact of health education based on the integrated theory of health behavior change on the cardiac function, exercise endurance and nursing satisfaction in patients with chronic heart failure were analyzed. Results:There was no statistically significant difference in various indicators between the two groups before intervention (all P>0.05). After the intervention, the BNP, LVMI and LVEDD in the experimental group were all clearly lower than those in the control group [(572.87±89.72) vs (680.46±104.32) mg/L, (140.74±9.54) vs (151.91±11.52) g/m 2 and (77.62±4.32) vs (80.31±5.57) mm, respectively], and they were all significantly lower than those before intervention [(963.41±228.69) mg/L, (170.33±12.61) g/m 2 and (90.10±6.77) mm, respectively]. The LVEF, the VO 2max, maximum power, exhaustion time, and nursing satisfaction in the experimental group were all significantly higher than those in the control group [54.55%±3.80% vs 52.16%±4.18%, (16.77±2.82) vs (15.61±3.15) ml·kg -1·ml -1, (88.91±7.13) vs (85.72±8.24) W, (13.47±1.62) vs (12.00±1.56) min, 95.4% vs 84.6%], and they were all significantly higher than those before intervention [50.11%±4.22%, (14.03±3.26) ml·kg -1·ml -1, (81.42±6.46) W, (10.02±0.82) min, respectively] (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Health education based on the integration theory of health behavior change is beneficial for improving the cardiac function, exercise endurance and nursing satisfaction in patients with chronic heart failure.

Objective To explore the risk factors of aspiration during hospitalization in patients with ischemic stroke (IS) and establish a predictive model. Methods Based on the case-control design, clinical materials of 316 IS patients treated in the Department of Neurology of Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University from March 2022 to October 2023 were retrospectively collected. According to incidence of aspiration during hospitalization, the patients were divided into case group with 89 cases (aspiration occurred during hospitalization) and control group with 227 cases (no aspiration occurred during hospitalization). Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed in both groups to screen out the risk factors of aspiration during hospitalization in IS patients. R software was used to extract 70 % of the data from the two groups as the training set (establishing a Nomogram model), and the remaining 30 % data was used as test set. Value of predictive model was evaluated by area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve. Results There were significant differences in the terms of age, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, number of lesions, homocysteine (Hcy) level, spontaneous cough, and grading of Wada drinking water test between the case group and the control group (P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that large age (OR=2.201, 95 %CI, 1.254 to 3.865), high NIHSS score (OR=4.816, 95 %CI, 1.652 to 14.041), multiple lesions (OR=2.649, 95 %CI, 1.249 to 5.613), high level of Hcy (OR=1.501, 95 %CI, 1.044 to 2.158), weakened or absent spontaneous cough (OR=3.384, 95 %CI, 1.639 to 6.987), and high grading of Wada drinking water test (OR=2.878, 95 %CI, 1.422 to 5.783) were the risk factors of aspiration during hospitalization in IS patients (P < 0.05). In the training set, the AUC of the Nomogram model for predicting aspiration during hospitalization in IS patients was 0.872 (95 %CI, 0.827 to 0.919), and was 0.859 (95 %CI, 0.807 to 0.904) in the test set. The calibration curve analysis showed that P value was 0.869 in the training set and 0.898 in the test set. The decision curve analysis for both the training set and test set showed that the Nomogram model was of good clinical applicability. Conclusion The risk of aspiration during hospitalization in IS patients is related to large age, high NIHSS score, multiple lesions, high level of Hcy, weakened or absent spontaneous cough, and high grading of Wada drinking water test. The Nomogram predictive model established on these factors can effectively evaluate the risk of aspiration during hospitalization in IS patients.