Background Diarrhea disease is a common intestinal infectious disease, and its incidence is affected by meteorological conditions. A better understanding of its epidemiological patterns and influencing factors, together with the construction of reliable prediction models, is of great significance for precise public health prevention and control. Objective To clarify the epidemic characteristics of adult diarrhea disease in Shanghai, analyze the associations of meteorological factors and a web search index with adult diarrhea disease, and develop and compare forecasting models to support precise regional prevention and control. Methods Weekly surveillance data of adult diarrhea disease cases from the Shanghai Comprehensive Surveillance Information System for Diarrhea Diseases, together with concurrent meteorological observation data and web search index (Baidu index) data from 2014 to 2019, were collected. A distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was adopted to analyze the associations of multiple meteorological factors and the web search index with the number of diarrhea disease cases. By integrating meteorological factors and web search index data, three types of forecasting models were developed, including autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), Random Forest, and extreme gradient boosting (Xgboost), and their predictive performances were evaluated. Results Adult diarrhea disease in Shanghai exhibited seasonal variation, with an major incidence peak in summer and winter peaks in some years. The number of cases declined annually after 2015. Mean temperature was significantly associated with the risk of diarrhea disease, and both low and high temperature exposures were associated with increased risks. The highest risk was observed at 32.8°C (RR=2.04, 95%CI: 1.62, 2.55), while the strongest effect of low temperature was observed at 0.9 °C (RR=1.53, 95%CI: 1.25, 1.88). When relative humidity exceeded 69%, the risk of diarrhea disease increased with relative humidity, reaching a peak at 81% (RR=1.20, 95%CI: 1.07, 1.35). When weekly cumulative precipitation exceeded 16 mm, the risk also increased with increasing precipitation, reaching a maximum at 105 mm (RR=1.23, 95%CI: 1.07, 1.42). The web search index was positively associated with the risk of diarrhea disease. Model prediction indicated that both the Random Forest model and the Xgboost model adequately captured the overall trend in diarrhea disease cases, with R² values generally exceeding 0.7. Notably, the Xgboost model demonstrated greater accuracy in capturing peak intensities. Conclusion Meteorological factors are associated with adult diarrhea disease in Shanghai. The web search index may serve as an auxiliary indicator for diarrhea forecasting. Machine learning models, with advantages in integrating multisource data, may provide effective predictive tools for the prevention and control of diarrhea disease.

Objective:To prepare a monoclonal strain of mumps virus of genotype F，which is intended to be applied as a national standard strain，and to provide corresponding virus strain resources for the surveillance，prevention and control of mumps.Methods:The plaque purification technique was used to pick monoclonal strains on Vero/hSLAM cells. The biological characteristics and stability of the monoclonal virus strains were evaluated by observing the cytopathic effect of the monoclonal virus strains，morphological observation of virological characteristics，determination of virus titer and whole-genome sequencing，and mycoplasma detection.Results:After infection of Vero/hSLAM cells，the monoclonal strain of mumps virus constructed after plaque purification could cause cell fusion. Under the negative staining electron microscope，the virus particles were spherical，with a diameter between 100 and 200 nm，and had an obvious envelope. The virus titer of the 2 nd to 6 th generations was between 10 6 and 10 7 TCID 50/ml. Through whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis，the full length of the virus genome sequence was obtained as 15 384 bp，and it was confirmed that the monoclonal virus strain was of genotype F. The nucleotide difference rate between the 2 nd and 6 th generations was 0.013%. Conclusion:The monoclonal strain of mumps virus constructed in this experiment has typical cytopathic effects and typical morphological structures. The virus has good activity and stable genetic characteristics，and can be used as a candidate strain for application as a national standard strain. It can be used for reagent research and development，evaluation of immunization effects，and other subsequent work.

Objective To investigate the intervention effects of a progressive upper limb exercise rehabilitation program based on the multi-process action control theory on upper limb function,rehabilitation compliance,and quality of life in patients with permanent pacemaker implantation(PPI).Methods A total of 130 patients scheduled for PPI from March to August 2024 were selected using a convenience sampling method.Among them,65 patients admitted from June to August were assigned to the experimental group,and 65 patients admitted from March to May formed the control group.The experimental group received the progressive upper limb exercise program in addition to routine care,while the control group received routine care only.The intervention lasted for 3 months.The differences were compared between the 2 groups in terms of primary outcome measures,including the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index(SPADI)and grip strength.The secondary outcome measures were the Quality of Life Instrument for Chinese Patients with Pacemaker(QLICPP),hospital stay and incidence of complications.Results A total of 122 patients(62 in the experimental group and 60 in the control group)completed this study.Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed significant interaction effects between time and group for the total SPADI score and its pain and disability dimensions,as well as for the physical function,psychological function,and total score of QLICPP(P＜0.001).Simple effects analysis indicated that the experimental group had better grip strength than the control group at l month postoperatively,and lower SPADI scores and total score than the control group at 1 and 3 months postoperatively.At 1 month postoperatively,the total QLICPP score and each dimension of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the incidence of complications and length of hospital stay(P＞0.05).Conclusion The progressive upper limb exercise rehabilitation program developed in this study effectively addressed the issue of low rehabilitation compliance in PPI patients,improved their upper limb function and quality of life,and it was safe.It provides a feasible and effective new pathway for the rehabilitation of PPI patients.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine disorder in women of childbearing age, which can cause metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer and other complications, seriously endangering the health of the body. China has become one of the countries with the fastest increasing prevalence of PCOS, but its complex pathogenesis leads to highly heterogeneous clinical manifestations, making it difficult to completely cure. Therefore, clarifying the potential pathogenesis of PCOS is of great significance for early clinical screening, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Recent studies have shown that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) plays a dual role in the pathogenesis of PCOS and is a potential novel biomarker and intervention target. The characteristics of multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway action in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) are consistent with the biological properties of lncRNA, which have diverse types, dual roles, and diverse locations. However, research on lncRNA mediated PCOS and how TCM can improve PCOS by regulating lncRNA is relatively scattered, which is not conducive to the recognition of its clinical value. Therefore, this article provides a systematic review of the dual regulatory mechanism, clinical value, and TCM intervention research of lncRNA in the occurrence and development of PCOS, aiming to clarify how lncRNA affects the occurrence and development of PCOS and potential treatment strategies, in order to provide new ideas for the clinical prevention and treatment of PCOS.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine disorder in women of childbearing age, which can cause metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer and other complications, seriously endangering the health of the body. China has become one of the countries with the fastest increasing prevalence of PCOS, but its complex pathogenesis leads to highly heterogeneous clinical manifestations, making it difficult to completely cure. Therefore, clarifying the potential pathogenesis of PCOS is of great significance for early clinical screening, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Recent studies have shown that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) plays a dual role in the pathogenesis of PCOS and is a potential novel biomarker and intervention target. The characteristics of multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway action in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) are consistent with the biological properties of lncRNA, which have diverse types, dual roles, and diverse locations. However, research on lncRNA mediated PCOS and how TCM can improve PCOS by regulating lncRNA is relatively scattered, which is not conducive to the recognition of its clinical value. Therefore, this article provides a systematic review of the dual regulatory mechanism, clinical value, and TCM intervention research of lncRNA in the occurrence and development of PCOS, aiming to clarify how lncRNA affects the occurrence and development of PCOS and potential treatment strategies, in order to provide new ideas for the clinical prevention and treatment of PCOS.

Objective To investigate the intervention effects of a progressive upper limb exercise rehabilitation program based on the multi-process action control theory on upper limb function,rehabilitation compliance,and quality of life in patients with permanent pacemaker implantation(PPI).Methods A total of 130 patients scheduled for PPI from March to August 2024 were selected using a convenience sampling method.Among them,65 patients admitted from June to August were assigned to the experimental group,and 65 patients admitted from March to May formed the control group.The experimental group received the progressive upper limb exercise program in addition to routine care,while the control group received routine care only.The intervention lasted for 3 months.The differences were compared between the 2 groups in terms of primary outcome measures,including the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index(SPADI)and grip strength.The secondary outcome measures were the Quality of Life Instrument for Chinese Patients with Pacemaker(QLICPP),hospital stay and incidence of complications.Results A total of 122 patients(62 in the experimental group and 60 in the control group)completed this study.Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed significant interaction effects between time and group for the total SPADI score and its pain and disability dimensions,as well as for the physical function,psychological function,and total score of QLICPP(P＜0.001).Simple effects analysis indicated that the experimental group had better grip strength than the control group at l month postoperatively,and lower SPADI scores and total score than the control group at 1 and 3 months postoperatively.At 1 month postoperatively,the total QLICPP score and each dimension of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the incidence of complications and length of hospital stay(P＞0.05).Conclusion The progressive upper limb exercise rehabilitation program developed in this study effectively addressed the issue of low rehabilitation compliance in PPI patients,improved their upper limb function and quality of life,and it was safe.It provides a feasible and effective new pathway for the rehabilitation of PPI patients.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of the injury of knee ligament and cartilage in pediatric patients after acute traumatic lateral patellar dislocation based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods:Clinical data of 68 pediatric patients with acute traumatic lateral patellar dislocation admitted to The Second Hospital of Tangshan from September,2020 to September,2023 were retrospectively analyzed. All children underwent MRI scan on knee joint. These children were divided into partial tear group (85 cases) and complete tear group (41 cases) according to injury degree. In addition,the location and characteristic of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) injury and cartilage injury were analyzed. Results:All 126 children had MPFL injury,including 85 cases of partial tear and 41 cases of complete tear. Among the partial tears,34 cases occurred only on the patellar side,14 cases only on the femoral side,9 cases only in the middle segment,and 28 cases had multiple-site injuries. Among the complete tears,27 cases occurred only on the patellar side,7 cases only on the femoral side,4 cases only in the middle segment,and 3 cases had multiple-site injuries. The number of each degree of partial MPFL injury was higher than that of complete injury,and the difference was statistically significant (x2=7.596,10.886,P<0.05). Among the 126 children,91 cases had VMO injury,and the degree of VMO injury was positively correlated with the degree of MPFL injury (r=0.339,P=0.006). Among the 126 children with acute traumatic lateral patellar dislocation,119 cases had osteochondral injury,with a total of 174 injured sites. The sites of grade 1 injury were mainly on the patellar side,while those of grades 2,3,and 4 injuries were mainly multiple-site injuries. Conclusion:Most of acute traumatic lateral patellar dislocation complicate MPFL injury and cartilage injury in pediatric patients,which mainly focus on patellar side of injury and multiple injury. There are no differences in injury site and degree between different genders. MPFL injury mostly complicates VMO injury,which injury degree is positively correlation with MPFL.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of the injury of knee ligament and cartilage in pediatric patients after acute traumatic lateral patellar dislocation based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods:Clinical data of 68 pediatric patients with acute traumatic lateral patellar dislocation admitted to The Second Hospital of Tangshan from September,2020 to September,2023 were retrospectively analyzed. All children underwent MRI scan on knee joint. These children were divided into partial tear group (85 cases) and complete tear group (41 cases) according to injury degree. In addition,the location and characteristic of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) injury and cartilage injury were analyzed. Results:All 126 children had MPFL injury,including 85 cases of partial tear and 41 cases of complete tear. Among the partial tears,34 cases occurred only on the patellar side,14 cases only on the femoral side,9 cases only in the middle segment,and 28 cases had multiple-site injuries. Among the complete tears,27 cases occurred only on the patellar side,7 cases only on the femoral side,4 cases only in the middle segment,and 3 cases had multiple-site injuries. The number of each degree of partial MPFL injury was higher than that of complete injury,and the difference was statistically significant (x2=7.596,10.886,P<0.05). Among the 126 children,91 cases had VMO injury,and the degree of VMO injury was positively correlated with the degree of MPFL injury (r=0.339,P=0.006). Among the 126 children with acute traumatic lateral patellar dislocation,119 cases had osteochondral injury,with a total of 174 injured sites. The sites of grade 1 injury were mainly on the patellar side,while those of grades 2,3,and 4 injuries were mainly multiple-site injuries. Conclusion:Most of acute traumatic lateral patellar dislocation complicate MPFL injury and cartilage injury in pediatric patients,which mainly focus on patellar side of injury and multiple injury. There are no differences in injury site and degree between different genders. MPFL injury mostly complicates VMO injury,which injury degree is positively correlation with MPFL.

Objective:To prepare a monoclonal strain of mumps virus of genotype F，which is intended to be applied as a national standard strain，and to provide corresponding virus strain resources for the surveillance，prevention and control of mumps.Methods:The plaque purification technique was used to pick monoclonal strains on Vero/hSLAM cells. The biological characteristics and stability of the monoclonal virus strains were evaluated by observing the cytopathic effect of the monoclonal virus strains，morphological observation of virological characteristics，determination of virus titer and whole-genome sequencing，and mycoplasma detection.Results:After infection of Vero/hSLAM cells，the monoclonal strain of mumps virus constructed after plaque purification could cause cell fusion. Under the negative staining electron microscope，the virus particles were spherical，with a diameter between 100 and 200 nm，and had an obvious envelope. The virus titer of the 2 nd to 6 th generations was between 10 6 and 10 7 TCID 50/ml. Through whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis，the full length of the virus genome sequence was obtained as 15 384 bp，and it was confirmed that the monoclonal virus strain was of genotype F. The nucleotide difference rate between the 2 nd and 6 th generations was 0.013%. Conclusion:The monoclonal strain of mumps virus constructed in this experiment has typical cytopathic effects and typical morphological structures. The virus has good activity and stable genetic characteristics，and can be used as a candidate strain for application as a national standard strain. It can be used for reagent research and development，evaluation of immunization effects，and other subsequent work.

It is estimated that approximately seven million people worldwide are affected by inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),causing a huge burden on healthcare systems and society.In the occurrence,progression,and treatment of IBD,the intestinal microbiota and its key metabolic product,bile acids,play a crucial role.The intestinal microbiota not only participates in the biotransformation of bile acids,enriching the diversity of bile acids,but also regulates their synthesis and transport through the farnesoid X receptor(FXR).Meanwhile,bile acids contribute to regulating the structure and function of the intestinal microbiota by supporting microbial diversity,exerting direct toxicity,participating in indirect antimicrobial pathways,and influencing microbial metabolic capabilities.Furthermore,under normal physiological conditions,intestinal microbiota-derived bile acids facilitate the repair process of the intestinal epithelial barrier.They also promote the balance of the immune system by modulating the functions of various immune cells including helper T(Th)cells 17,regulatory T(Treg)cells,CD8+T cells and natural killer T(NKT)cells,thereby slowing down the development of IBD.This article focuses on exploring the role of intestinal microbiota and bile acids in the onset and progression of IBD,and investigating new effective treatment strategies by targeting intestinal microbiota and bile acids,such as bile acid receptor modulators,probiotics,prebiotics,fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT),and phage therapy.