ObjectiveThis study aims to reveal the mechanism of liver and kidney injuries caused by Dictamni Cortex and its interrelationship by metabonomics analysis of liver and kidney via ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）. MethodsThe content of the marker compounds of Dictamni Cortex was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） to carry out quality control. Sprague Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into a blank group （normal saline）， an administration group （0.9， 2.7， 8.1 g·kg^-1）， and a high-dose withdrawal control group， with eight rats in each group. Continuous administration was performed once daily for 28 days. The liver and kidney injuries caused by each administration group were assessed by organ indices， pathological observations， and serum and plasma biochemical indices measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The potential biomarkers of liver and kidney injuries caused by Dictamni Cortex were screened， and pathway enrichment analysis and correlation analysis were performed based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. ResultsCompared with the blank group， both the medium- and low-dose groups showed insignificant damage to the liver and kidney of rats. The high-dose group exhibited the most serious damage， and the level of liver and kidney function indices ［alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， creatinine （Cr）， and blood urea nitrogen （BUN）］ and serum inflammatory indices （［interleukin 1β （IL-1β）， IL-6， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）］ in the serum were significantly changed （P<0.01）. The liver and kidney metabolism pathways and differential metabolites were quite different. Among them， phenylalanine metabolism， niacin and nicotinamide metabolism， and glycerophospholipid metabolism were common pathways. Correlation analysis of differential metabolites showed that there were significant correlations among disorders of 4′-Phosphopantothenoylcysteine， PC （16∶0/15∶0）， phenylethylamine， arachidonic acid， and linoleic acid in liver and kidney tissue. ConclusionThe decoction of Dictamni Cortex can cause liver and kidney injuries， and its mechanism may be related to oxidative stress and lipid metabolism disorders. The correlation of differential metabolites indicates the interaction between liver and kidney injuries.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of the immunotoxicity induced by dictamnine （DIC） in rats and the recovery effect after drug withdrawal by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry， thereby providing a theoretical basis for elucidating the toxic mechanism of DIC. MethodsSD rats were randomized into blank （normal saline）， DIC （10 mg·kg^-1）， and DIC withdrawal （recovery period） groups （n=8）. The rats were continuously treated for 7 days， once a day， and the body weight and organ weight were recorded. The levels of interleukin-1 （IL-1）， IL-6， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in the serum and immunoglobulin A （IgA）， immunoglobulin G （IgG）， and immunoglobulin M （IgM） in the spleen were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the spleen. ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS） was employed to screen the potential biomarkers of immune inflammation caused by DIC， and pathway enrichment analysis and correlation analysis were performed. The mRNA levels of IL-1β， TNF-α， lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 2 （LPCAT2）， and farnesoid X receptor （FXR） in the serum were determined by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the DIC group showed elevated levels of IL-1β， IL-6， and TNF-α in the serum （P<0.01）， and the DIC withdrawal group showcased lowered levels of IL-1β， IL-6， and TNF-α in the serum （P<0.01）. The levels of IgA， IgG， and IgM in the spleen of rats in the DIC group were decreased （P<0.01）， while those in the DIC withdrawal group were recovered （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Untargeted metabolomics of the serum and spleen screened out 14 common differential metabolites and 14 common metabolic pathways. The Spearman correlation analysis between differential metabolites and inflammatory factors identified PC （32∶0）， LysoPC （20∶4/0∶0）， LysoPC （P-18∶0/0∶0）， taurochenodeoxycholic acid， taurocholic acid， LysoPC ［20∶5（5Z，8Z，11Z，14Z，17Z）/0∶0］， chenodeoxycholic acid， arachidonic acid， LysoPC （18∶0/0∶0）， LysoPC （15∶0/0∶0）， LysoPC （16∶0/0∶0）， and LysoPC （17∶0/0∶0） as the biomarkers of immunotoxicity induced by DIC in SD rats. In the process of immunotoxicity caused by DIC， lipid metabolism disorders such as glycerophospholipid metabolism， primary bile acid metabolism， and arachidonic acid metabolism were enriched， which was consistent with the DIC-induced inflammatory factors and pathological characteristics of the spleen. Compared with the blank group， the DIC group exhibited up-regulated mRNA levels of IL-1β， TNF-α， LPCAT2， and FXR （P<0.01）， and the up-regulation was decreased in the withdrawal group （P<0.01）. ConclusionDIC can lead to immune and inflammatory disorders. DIC withdrawal can regulate the expression of biomarkers related to serum and spleen metabolites， regulate the inflammatory metabolic pathway， reduce the inflammation level， and alleviate the metabolic disorders， thus attenuating the potential toxicity induced by DIC.

Objective To evaluate the equity of health human resources allocation in traditional Chinese(TCM)hospitals from 2012 to 2021,and forecast the number of various health technicians,so as to provide theoretical basis for the reasonable allocation of health human resources of TCM health service.Methods The data of health personnel in TCM hospitals were collected,and Theil index and clustering degree were used to analyze the equity of health human resource allocation.The grey GM(1,1)model was used to predict the demand of health personnel in TCM hospitals.Results From 2012 to 2021,the health human resources of TCM hospitals in China showed an overall growth trend.According to the analysis of Theil index in each region,the contribution rate of Theil index showed that the difference between regions was the main factor causing the difference in personnel allocation.The concentration degree of TCM hospitals in terms of geographical allocation was eastern region,central region and western region,respectively.Conclusion The expansion of high-quality medical resources and the rational allocation of TCM resources should be promoted.Clear target responsibility,promote fine management,improve the fairness of medical personnel allocation;Based on traditional advantages,broaden training ideas,and effectively build a multi-dimensional training system for TCM talents.

Objective: The study aims to investigate the impact of moderate intensity gymnastics on the development of executive function in children aged 5-6, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for exercise interventions targeting executive function. Methods: A total of 63 preschool children, randomly seleted from 3 senior classes in a private kindergarten in Shangqiu, were randomly allocated to the intervention group ( n =31) and control group ( n =32). Children in the intervention group participated in 60 minute gymnastics at a moderate intensity, three times per week, for a total duration of 12 weeks. Concurrently, myzone technology was utilized to monitor exercise intensity throughout the entire intervention period. Children in the control group maintained their regular activities. Inhibitory control (Flanker task), working memory (Empty house task), and cognitive flexibility (Dots task) were assessed before and after the experiment. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the performance of inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility tasks between the two groups of children before intervention ( P >0.05) .The results of covariance analysis revealed significant differences in reaction time [(782.88±24.29，805.13±23.74；719.90±119.99， 833.55± 177.87；1 042.39±72.75，1 091.29±49.42) ms] and accuracy[(73.86±7.26)%，(67.02±8.22)%;(86.36±7.63)%，( 80.50± 9.39 )%;(76.45±9.48)%，(69.59±7.66)%] across inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility between the intervention group and the control group ( F =6.84, 4.50，4.87, 6.11, 3.74 , 5.06 , P <0.05). The intervention effect exhibited modest effects( d =0.17-0.74). Conclusions Moderate intensity gymnastics can make modest or moderate effect on improving children s executive function. Brain imaging technology can be incorporated into future research designs to investigate the underlying mechanisms of gymnastics impact on the brain structure and executive function in young children.

Polyurethane (PUR) plastics is widely used because of its unique physical and chemical properties. However, unreasonable disposal of the vast amount of used PUR plastics has caused serious environmental pollution. The efficient degradation and utilization of used PUR plastics by means of microorganisms has become one of the current research hotspots, and efficient PUR degrading microbes are the key to the biological treatment of PUR plastics. In this study, an Impranil DLN-degrading bacteria G-11 was isolated from used PUR plastic samples collected from landfill, and its PUR-degrading characteristics were studied. Strain G-11 was identified as Amycolatopsis sp. through 16S rRNA gene sequence alignment. PUR degradation experiment showed that the weight loss rate of the commercial PUR plastics upon treatment of strain G-11 was 4.67%. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that the surface structure of G-11-treated PUR plastics was destroyed with an eroded morphology. Contact angle and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) showed that the hydrophilicity of PUR plastics increased along with decreased thermal stability upon treatment by strain G-11, which were consistent with the weight loss and morphological observation. These results indicated that strain G-11 isolated from landfill has potential application in biodegradation of waste PUR plastics.
Plastics/metabolism* ; Polyurethanes/chemistry* ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Bacteria/genetics* ; Biodegradation, Environmental

Objective To explore hemodynamics of the aortic arch and supraarch vessels after thoracic endovascular aortic repair with fenestration and parallel grafts techniques, and compare the differences of these techniques. Methods Four patients with aortic arch lesions whose supraarch vessels were reconstructed by different surgical techniques (fenestration, chimney and periscope) were studied, and three-dimensional (3D) geometric models were established based on postoperative image data. The physiological flow obtained from two dimensional (2D) phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging were imposed on the ascending aorta inlet and the supraarch vessels outlets. The pressure waveform of 3-element Windkessel model was imposed on the descending aorta outlet. Through computational fluid dynamics ( CFD ) simulations, the hemodynamic parameters were obtained, including the pressure of supraarch vessels, the velocity vector of the stent inlet, and the relative residence time. Results The pressure change of the periscope stent was the largest, followed by the fenestration stent, and the pressure change of the chimney stent was the smallest. The velocity of the fenestration and periscope stent inlet was uneven, which might form vortex. The velocity of the chimney stent inlet was even. The high relative residence time concentrated in distal end of the fenestration stent outer wall, the ‘gutter’ part, and the place where the chimney and periscope stent adhered to the vessel wall. Conclusions The pressure difference between the inner and outer walls of the fenestration and periscope stent was high, so it was recommended to use the balloon-expandable stent. The pressure difference between the inner and outer walls of the chimney stent was low, so it was recommended to use the self-expanding stent. The predicted location of thrombosis was consistent with the clinical follow-up data, so it may be used for surgical planning and risk assessment of interventional treatment of aortic arch lesions.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) has the characteristics of insidious onset, rapid progression, and poor prognosis. Up to now, there are no standard clinical regimens for the treatment of PC, and the benefit rate of new targeted therapy remains at a relatively low level, which results in the high mortality rate of PC. Therefore, an understanding of the development and progression mechanisms for PC has become a difficult issue to be solved, and establishment of reliable animal models for PC is the basis for exploring the development, progression, invasion, and metastasis of PC and the optimization of effective therapeutic targets. At present, a large number of studies have established various animal models for PC, and this article compares the commonly used animal models to provide a reference for the selection of animal models in PC research.

Osteoarthritis (OA), in which M1 macrophage polarization in the synovium exacerbates disease progression, is a major cause of cartilage degeneration and functional disabilities. Therapeutic strategies of OA designed to interfere with the polarization of macrophages have rarely been reported. Here, we report that SHP099, as an allosteric inhibitor of src-homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2), attenuated osteoarthritis progression by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization. We demonstrated that M1 macrophage polarization was accompanied by the overexpression of SHP2 in the synovial tissues of OA patients and OA model mice. Compared to wild-type (WT) mice, myeloid lineage conditional Shp2 knockout (cKO) mice showed decreased M1 macrophage polarization and attenuated severity of synovitis, an elevated expression of cartilage phenotype protein collagen II (COL2), and a decreased expression of cartilage degradation markers collagen X (COL10) and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) in OA cartilage. Further mechanistic analysis showed thatSHP099 inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling mediated by nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and PI3K-AKT signaling. Moreover, intra-articular injection of SHP099 also significantly attenuated OA progression, including joint synovitis and cartilage damage. These results indicated that allosteric inhibition of SHP2 might be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of OA.

OBJECTIVE To pr ovide theoretic support for Guiyang to scientifically guide the development of drug retail industry and implement national health policies . METHODS The data were collected through statistical yearbook ，data cloud ， coordinate acquisition device of Application Programming Interface of Baidu map and so on. The spatial distribution characteristics and accessibility of medical insurance designated retail pharmacies （shorted for “designated pharmacies ”）in Guiyang were analyzed by spatial analysis based on Geographic Information System. The related factors for the distribution of designated pharmacies in Guiyang were analyzed by statistical method. RESULTS The number of designated pharmacies ，designated pharmacies per thousand people and designated pharmacies per 10 km2 in Guiyang increased from 2 018，0.41 and 2.51 in 2020 to 2 500，0.42 and 3.11 in 2021，with growth rates of 23.89％，2.44％ and 23.90％ respectively. The service area of the designated pharmacies that residents of Guiyang reached within 15 minutes on foot was 10.27％ of the total service area of designated pharmacies in Guiyang. The results of correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficients between the regional gross regional production ，total retail sales of consumer goods ，population，urban per capita disposable income and the number of designated pharmacies in Guiyang were 0.999，0.999，0.977 and 0.992，respectively （all P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The distribution of designated pharmacies is insufficient in Guiyang ，the development of designated pharmacies in various administrative regions is uneven ，and the layout of pharmacies is significantly affected by economic and demographic factors. It is suggested that the local government should explore the strategy of scientifically and reasonably expanding the coverage of designated pharmacies in urban and rural areas，promote the rational layout of pharmacies with appropriate economic and demographic policies ，and pay attention to improving the service capacity of designated pharmacies ，so as to improve the quality of life of the people and guide the healthy and high-quality development of drug retail industry.