ObjectiveTo investigate the change in the expression of magnesium transporter 1 （MagT1） in peripheral blood CD8⁺ T cells in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection， as well as the correlation of serum Mg²⁺ and MagT1 with HBV DNA load. MethodsA total of 102 patients with HBV infection who were admitted to Tangshan Workers’ Hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were enrolled， and a case-control study was conducted. According to the stage of disease progression， the subjects were divided into chronic hepatitis B group with 40 patients， compensated liver cirrhosis group with 32 patients， and hepatocellular carcinoma group with 30 patients， and 32 healthy volunteers matched by age and sex were enrolled as normal control group. The serum concentration of Mg²⁺ was measured； RT-qPCR was used to measure the mRNA expression level of MagT1 in CD8⁺ T cells and serum HBV DNA load； flow cytometry was used to measure the expression levels of programmed death-1 （PD-1）， T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 （Tim-3）， and natural killer cell group 2D （NKG2D） on the surface of CD8⁺ T cells. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups， and the SNK-q test was used for comparison between two groups； the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups； a Pearson linear correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between the mRNA expression level of MagT1 and other related indicators. ResultsThere were significant differences in the serum level of Mg²⁺ and the mRNA expression level of MagT1 between the normal control group， the chronic hepatitis B group， the compensated liver cirrhosis group， and the hepatocellular carcinoma group （F=29.014 and 145.578， both P<0.001）. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that the serum level of Mg²⁺ and the mRNA expression level of MagT1 were positively correlated with HBV DNA load （r=0.335 and 0.394， both P<0.05）. The hepatocellular carcinoma group had the highest levels of PD-1 and Tim-3， followed by the compensated liver cirrhosis group， the chronic hepatitis B group， and the normal control group； the normal control group had the highest level of NKG2D， followed by the chronic hepatitis B group， the compensated liver cirrhosis group， and the hepatocellular carcinoma group （all P<0.001）. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that the mRNA expression level of MagT1 was negatively correlated with PD-1 and Tim-3 （r=-0.643 and -0.640， both P<0.05） and was positively correlated with NKG2D （r=0.655， P<0.05）. ConclusionThere is a reduction in the mRNA expression level of MagT1 in peripheral blood CD8⁺ T cells in patients with HBV infection， which is positively correlated with serum HBV DNA load. The reduction in the expression of MagT1 may contribute to CD8⁺ T cell exhaustion by impairing Mg²⁺ influx， manifesting as the upregulation of PD-1 and Tim-3 and the downregulation of NKG2D.

Objective: To detect the expression levels of miR-194-5p and magnesium transporter protein 1 (MagTl) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and to investigate their possible clinical significances. Methods: The clinical materials of 40 healthy subjects (healthy control group). 40 cases of asymptomatic hepatitis B carriers (HBV carrier group). 40 patients with mild-moderate chronic hepatitis B (mild-moderate CHB group) and 40 patients with severe chronic hepatitis B (severe CHB group) were collected. The peripheral blood of the subjects in various groups was collected and the PBMCs were isolated by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation. The expression levels of miR-194-5p and MagTl mRNA in PBMCs of the subjects in various groups were detected by RT-PCR assay, the expression levels of MagTl protein in PBMCs of the subjects in various groups were detected by Western blotting method, the levels of Mg in peripheral blood and PBMCs of the subjects in various groups were detected, and the expression levels of CD6+ T lymphocyte surface molecules programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) and natural killer cell receptor 2 group D molecule (NKG2D) in PBMCs of the subjects in various groups were analyzed by flow cytometry. The miR-194-5p mimic (miR-194-5p mimic group) and miR-jNC (miR-NC group) were transfected into the 293T cells, and then the dual luciferase reporter gene assay was used to detect the luciferase activities in 293T cells in two groups. Results: Compared with healthy control group, the expression levels of MagTl mRNA and protein, the expression levels of CD8 + T lymphocyte surface molecule NKG2D and the levels of Mg in PBMCs of the patients in HBV carrier group, mild-moderate CHB group and severe CHB group were decreased ( P<-0. 05) . the expression levels of miR-194-5p mRNA in PBMCs and CD8 + T lymphocyte surface molecule PD-1 of the patients were increased (P<.0. 05). Compared with HBV carrier group and mild-moderate CHB group, the expression levels of MagTl mRNA and protein, the expression level of CD8+ T lymphocyte surface molecule NKG2D and the level of Mg in PBMCs of the patients in severe CHB group were decreased ( P<0. 05). and the expression levels of miR-194-5p mRNA in PBMCs and CD8 + T lymphocyte surface molecule PD-1 of the patients were increased (P<0. 05). Compared with HBV carrier group, the expression levels of MagTl mRNA and protein, the expression level of CD8+ T lymphocyte surface molecule NKG2D and the level of Mg in PBMCs of the patients in mild-moderate CHB group were decreased ( P

Objective To investigate the influence of physiological motions on three-dimensional (3D) CT images and the rules of motion artifacts.Methods A mathematical model of motion artifact was set up based on the principle of spiral scanning, hereby the geometrical distortion of 3D image was analyzed.Experiments were carried out with home-made phantoms on a CT scanner.Results The details of 3D images with trivial distortion were legible under static condition.On the contrary, distinct distortion occured under moving condition, and its degree increased with the pitch and motion period. The 3D images were varied with difference of the motion initial phases.Conclusion The distortion of 3D-CT image depends on the motion characters of scanned objects and scanning parameters such as pitch and slice thickness.