Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）， as one of the three major causes of death， is a complex systemic disease with high prevalence， high mortality， high disability， frequent acute exacerbations， and a variety of pulmonary complications. The pathogenesis is complex. Western medicine has no effective specificity scheme for a complete cure. However， multiple-component and multiple-target characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） demonstrate significant advantages in COPD treatment through multi-link， multi-pathway， and multi-mechanism intervention. Therefore， exploring the essence of COPD pathogenesis and discovering effective TCM treatment drugs through the application of TCM principles and prescriptions is a key focus of modern research. Animal models are of paramount importance in medical research. It is the first consideration to select appropriate animals， adopt reasonable modeling methods to replicate stable animal models that closely resemble the clinical manifestations and pathophysiological characteristics of COPD， and use appropriate evaluation methods to determine the success of COPD animal models in experimental research. The core of experimental research lies in observing the intervention effect of TCM on COPD animal models， exploring the specific pathways and regulatory mechanisms of TCM on COPD disease， and finding TCM monomers， single herbs， and TCM formulas with definite curative effects. At present， animal model research on COPD mainly involves model establishment， model evaluation， efficacy observation， mechanism exploration， and other aspects. In recent years， there has been no systematic organization， update， and reflection on the relevant research on TCM intervention in COPD animal models. This study reviewed the selection of animals for the COPD model， methods for establishing COPD animal models， model evaluation methods， and the intervention effects of TCM on COPD animal models. It aims to grasp the current research status and identify existing problems for further improvement， in order to provide evidence and support for scientific research and clinical treatment of COPD.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）， as one of the three major causes of death， is a complex systemic disease with high prevalence， high mortality， high disability， frequent acute exacerbations， and a variety of pulmonary complications. The pathogenesis is complex. Western medicine has no effective specificity scheme for a complete cure. However， multiple-component and multiple-target characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） demonstrate significant advantages in COPD treatment through multi-link， multi-pathway， and multi-mechanism intervention. Therefore， exploring the essence of COPD pathogenesis and discovering effective TCM treatment drugs through the application of TCM principles and prescriptions is a key focus of modern research. Animal models are of paramount importance in medical research. It is the first consideration to select appropriate animals， adopt reasonable modeling methods to replicate stable animal models that closely resemble the clinical manifestations and pathophysiological characteristics of COPD， and use appropriate evaluation methods to determine the success of COPD animal models in experimental research. The core of experimental research lies in observing the intervention effect of TCM on COPD animal models， exploring the specific pathways and regulatory mechanisms of TCM on COPD disease， and finding TCM monomers， single herbs， and TCM formulas with definite curative effects. At present， animal model research on COPD mainly involves model establishment， model evaluation， efficacy observation， mechanism exploration， and other aspects. In recent years， there has been no systematic organization， update， and reflection on the relevant research on TCM intervention in COPD animal models. This study reviewed the selection of animals for the COPD model， methods for establishing COPD animal models， model evaluation methods， and the intervention effects of TCM on COPD animal models. It aims to grasp the current research status and identify existing problems for further improvement， in order to provide evidence and support for scientific research and clinical treatment of COPD.

ObjectiveTo assess the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of the traditional Chinese medicine compound Shenlong decoction in addressing the symptoms of pulmonary deficiency and stasis in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis （IPF）. MethodsSixty eligible patients with lung deficiency and collateral stasis syndrome of IPF were randomly assigned to the observation （30 patients） and control groups （30 patients）. All patients underwent standard Western medical therapy. Additionally，the observation group received Shenlong decoction granules，while the control group received a placebo. Both treatments were packaged in four doses of 10.5 g each，taken twice daily for three months. The indexes of the patients during the treatment cycle were observed，and the main indexes include traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome scores and 6 min walk test （6MWT）. The secondary indexes include pulmonary function test ［actual value/expected value of total lung volume （TLC%），actual value/expected value of vital capacity（FVC%），actual/predicted diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide（DLCO%），actual/predicted forced expiratory volume in one second （FEV₁%），and FEV₁/ forced vital capacity （FVC）］，blood gas analysis ［arterial blood diathesis partial pressure of oxygen （PaO₂），partial pressure of carbon dioxide （PaCO₂），and arterial oxygen saturation （SaO₂）］，serum inflammatory factors ［transforming growth factor-β₁ （TGF-β₁），interleukin-4 （IL-4），interleukin-13 （IL-13），interleukin-12 （IL-12），and gamma-interferon （IFN-γ）］，and quality of survival evaluation ［St George's Respiratory Questionnaire （SGRQ） score］. The patients' clinical manifestations were determined at the end of the treatment， and the occurrence of adverse events was recorded. ResultsA total of 53 patients completed the study，comprising 27 in the control group and 26 in the observation group. Upon completion of the treatment period，the control group achieved a total effective rate of 33.33% （9/27），whereas the observation group demonstrated a total effective rate of 53.85% （14/26），which was statistically superior to the control group （χ²=4.034，P<0.05）. After the treatment，the TCM syndrome scores，6MWT，DLCO%，FEV₁%，PaO₂，PaCO₂，TGF-β₁，IL-4，IL-13，IL-12，and IFN-γ in the two groups were all significantly improved （P<0.01）. Compared with those in the control group after treatment at the same period，the TCM syndrome scores，6MWT，PaO₂，and PaCO₂ were significantly improved in the observation group after 60 days and 90 days of medication （P<0.01）. Three months after the end of medication，the SGRQ score in the observation group showed significant improvement when compared to that in the control group （P<0.05），and no severe adverse events were reported during the follow-up period. ConclusionCompound Shenlong decoction can alleviate clinical symptoms such as shortness of breath and wheezing in patients with lung deficiency and collateral stasis syndrome of IPF，enhance exercise tolerance，improve the quality of life，and have certain potential advantages in improving pulmonary function.

ObjectiveTo assess the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of the traditional Chinese medicine compound Shenlong decoction in addressing the symptoms of pulmonary deficiency and stasis in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis （IPF）. MethodsSixty eligible patients with lung deficiency and collateral stasis syndrome of IPF were randomly assigned to the observation （30 patients） and control groups （30 patients）. All patients underwent standard Western medical therapy. Additionally，the observation group received Shenlong decoction granules，while the control group received a placebo. Both treatments were packaged in four doses of 10.5 g each，taken twice daily for three months. The indexes of the patients during the treatment cycle were observed，and the main indexes include traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome scores and 6 min walk test （6MWT）. The secondary indexes include pulmonary function test ［actual value/expected value of total lung volume （TLC%），actual value/expected value of vital capacity（FVC%），actual/predicted diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide（DLCO%），actual/predicted forced expiratory volume in one second （FEV₁%），and FEV₁/ forced vital capacity （FVC）］，blood gas analysis ［arterial blood diathesis partial pressure of oxygen （PaO₂），partial pressure of carbon dioxide （PaCO₂），and arterial oxygen saturation （SaO₂）］，serum inflammatory factors ［transforming growth factor-β₁ （TGF-β₁），interleukin-4 （IL-4），interleukin-13 （IL-13），interleukin-12 （IL-12），and gamma-interferon （IFN-γ）］，and quality of survival evaluation ［St George's Respiratory Questionnaire （SGRQ） score］. The patients' clinical manifestations were determined at the end of the treatment， and the occurrence of adverse events was recorded. ResultsA total of 53 patients completed the study，comprising 27 in the control group and 26 in the observation group. Upon completion of the treatment period，the control group achieved a total effective rate of 33.33% （9/27），whereas the observation group demonstrated a total effective rate of 53.85% （14/26），which was statistically superior to the control group （χ²=4.034，P<0.05）. After the treatment，the TCM syndrome scores，6MWT，DLCO%，FEV₁%，PaO₂，PaCO₂，TGF-β₁，IL-4，IL-13，IL-12，and IFN-γ in the two groups were all significantly improved （P<0.01）. Compared with those in the control group after treatment at the same period，the TCM syndrome scores，6MWT，PaO₂，and PaCO₂ were significantly improved in the observation group after 60 days and 90 days of medication （P<0.01）. Three months after the end of medication，the SGRQ score in the observation group showed significant improvement when compared to that in the control group （P<0.05），and no severe adverse events were reported during the follow-up period. ConclusionCompound Shenlong decoction can alleviate clinical symptoms such as shortness of breath and wheezing in patients with lung deficiency and collateral stasis syndrome of IPF，enhance exercise tolerance，improve the quality of life，and have certain potential advantages in improving pulmonary function.

Rats ; Animals ; Adipose Tissue, Brown/physiology* ; Adipose Tissue

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics and prognosis of acute hyperextension spinal cord injury (SCI) in children, and to provide some recommendations for the treatment and prevention of this disease.Methods:Reviewed the data of children of SCI after sustained or repeated hyperextension of the spine at Wuhan Union Hospital and Wuhan Children's Hospital from September 2010 to September 2020. According to the American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale (AIS grade), the patients were divided into complete SCI group and incomplete SCI group. The age, symptoms and evolution after injury, neurological level of injury, imaging data, laboratory examination data, prognosis and complications of the two groups were analyzed. Retrospectively summarize the characteristics of this type of injury.Results:Forty-four cases of acute hyperextension SCI in children were included. Their age ranged from 3 to 10 years old, 95% of them were under 8 years old and 95% of them were female. There was no significant difference in age at injury and time of dance training between children with complete SCI and incomplete SCI. Back and leg pain, lower limb weakness or paresthesia, and rapidly progress to complete or incomplete SCI in a short period were typical symptoms. All blood test results anddiagnostic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid were unremarkable or negative. There was no fracture or dislocation in the whole spine. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a longitudinally extended intramedullary high-intensity signal in the thoracolumbar spinal cord. Complete SCI accounted for 60% of all cases, and the prognosis was poor with spinal cord atrophy and various complications.Conclusion:Children younger than 10 years old after sustained or repeated hyperextension of the spine may suffer acute hyperextension SCI. Children with complete SCI have poor prognosis and serious complications. Therefore, prevention of this type of injury is the best strategy.

Objective To analyze the correlation of the maximum myocardial stiffness (maxEav), maximum modulus of elasticity (Emax) with the E/A ratio of mltral annulus at the end of left ventricular systole for patients with essential hypertension. Methods 298 patients with essential hypertension were selected as research objects. The left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and relative wall thickness (RWT) of the patients were calculated. Based on LVMI and RWT indexes, the patients were divided into left ventricular normal (LVN) group, left ventricular concentric remodeling (LVCR) group, left ventricular eccentric hypertrophy (LVEH) group, left ventricular concentric hypertrophy (LVCH) group, respectively. In addition, 115 healthy subjects were selected into control group. The subjects were diagnosed by echocardiography, so as to analyze the correlation of maxEav, Emax with E/A. Results The maxEav, Emax and E/A in LVCR group, LVEH group and LVCH group were all negatively correlated. The differences of E/A between LVCR group, LVCH group and control group showed statistical significance. Compared with control groups, both the maxEav and Emax in hypertension group decreased, and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusions The maxEav and Emax are more sensitive and easy indexes to judge left ventricular diastolic function. The analysis on maxEav and Emax changes in patients with left ventricular remodeling and diastolic dysfunction in hypertension, as well as the exploration on pathogenesis of diastolic heart failure, can provide the theoretical basis for prevention and treatment of diastolic heart failure in the future.

Objective To explore the research hotspots and research frontiers in the field of Taichi to prevent people from falling,so as to provide reference for researchers in this field. Methods With the software of CiteSpace 5.3 R4 and Excel 2013,the visualization analysis of high-frequency keywords,topic clustering and timezone map in the research field of Taichi to prevent people from falling in CNKI from January 1994 to January 2019 was conducted. Results The elderly female population is the main research object and also the object that needs to be focused on prevention and control. Taichi,balance ability,elderly female,falls,Parkinson's disease,proprioception,square dancing,stroke,muscle strength and bone mineral density were the research focus in this field. Parkinson's disease,stroke and other diseases related to falls in the elderly were the research frontiers in this field. Conclusions A disease centered research model has been initially formed in the field of Taichi to prevent people from falling,but the research efforts are still insufficient. In the future,researchers can further explore the intervention effects of Taichi on falls in the elderly from the aspects of diseases,lifestyles and psychological states,so as to better exert the socio-economic effects of Taichi.

Objective To evaluate the effect of oxycodone on function of GABAA receptors in dor-sal root ganglion ( DRG ) neurons of rats with neuropathic pain ( NP ) . Methods Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 180-220 g, aged 10 weeks, were allocated into 3 groups ( n=12 each) u-sing a random number table method: sham operation group ( group S ) , group NP and oxycodone group ( group O) . The sciatic nerve was only isolated but not ligated in group S. NP was induced by chronic con-striction injury. The sciatic nerve was exposed and 4 loose ligatures were placed on the sciatic nerve at 1 mm intervals with 4-0 chromic catgut. Oxycodone 15μg∕kg was intraperitoneally injected once a day for 14 con-secutive days from ligating the sciatic nerve to satisfaction in group O. The thermal paw withdrawal latency( TWL) was measured at 1 day before establishing the model ( T0 ) and 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days after es-tablishing the model ( T1-5 ) . The rats were sacrificed after measurement of pain threshold at T5 , and DRG neurons were acutely isolated for recording the amplitude of GABAA receptors-activated currents using whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Results Compared with group S, the TWL was significantly shortened at T1-5, and the amplitude of GABAA receptors-activated currents in DRG neurons was decreased in NP and O groups (P<0. 05). Compared with group NP, the TWL was significantly prolonged at T1-5, and the ampli-tude of GABAA receptors-activated currents in DRG neurons was increased in group O ( P<0. 05) . Conclu-sion Oxycodone can enhance the function of GABAA receptors-activated currents in DRG neurons and thus enhance GABAA receptors-mediated presynaptic inhibition, which may be related to the mechanism of oxyc-odone-induced reduction of NP in rats.

Background and purpose:Although there is still no standard ifrst line chemotherapy regimen for metastatic gastric cancer (MGC), the doublet and triplet regimens containing platinum and lfuorouracil were most popular worldwidely. The ECF regimen is the classical and one of the most popular treatment choices in this setting, while the marrow suppression, the renal toxicity and poor compliance inhibits its usage. In order to improve its efifcacy and tolerability, this study conducted 2 phaseⅡ trials by modified ECF regimen, the EOF5 regimen (substituting cisplatin with oxaliplatin, shortening the continuous infusion period to 120 h), to treat patients with MGC since 2004. This paper reported the comprehensive results of the 2 studies.Methods:All the patients who enrolled in our previous2 phaseⅡ trials and received EOF5 as ifrst line treatment entered this study. Each patient received the treatment of epirubicin 50 mg/m2 iv d1, oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 iv gtt d1 and 5-FU 375-425 mg/m2·d-1 civ 120 h, and repeated every 3 weeks. Efifcacy was analyzed every 6 weeks.Results:A total number of 178 patients (all were metastatic patients but 2 advanced patients with unresectable lesions) were included into this study. One hundred and seventy patients were evaluable, and 7 patients (3.9%) achieved complete response (CR), 76 patients (42.7%) achieved partial response (PR), 46.6% patients achieved overall response rate (ORR, CR+PR), and the cases of stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD) were 69 (38.8%) and 18 (10.1%), respectively. The median progress free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 6.0 months (95%CI: 5.2-6.8) and 12.6 months (95%CI: 8.9-16.3), 1-year and 2-year survival rate were 50.9% and 28.0%, respectively. Grade 3, 4 toxicity including: leucopenia (23.0), neutropenia (38.8%), anemia (6.5%), thrombocytopenia (23.5%), nausea/vomiting (14.1%), and peripheral neuropathy toxicity (1.2%). Among 75 patients who received second line treatment, the median survival from second line treatment was 8.0 months (95%CI: 4.8-11.2).Conclusion:EOF5 regimen is a highly effective regimen with moderate and manageable toxicity, and it providesa suitable alternative for the ifrst-line treatment of MGC.