In breast-conserving surgery, timely and accurate intraoperative margin assessment is crucial for ensuring surgical success and reducing local recurrence rates. This review first outlined the current methods for intraoperative margin evaluation, including rapid pathological examination and specimen imaging techniques. According to the technical classification, this review systematically introduced emerging technologies that have advanced significantly in recent years, encompassing advanced microscopy, advancements in conventional imaging technologies, novel imaging technologies, and techniques based on biochemical and electrical property contrasts of tissues. Finally, the review summarized and compared these technologies horizontally, and proposed several assessment dimensions aligned with surgical clinical needs, aiming to support the optimization and clinical translation of intraoperative margin assessment techniques. Despite the vigorous development of new technologies, further clinical research and technical refinement remain necessary to achieve continuous improvement and innovation, ultimately providing better options for the patients.

ObjectiveTo assess the coverage and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in the elderly. MethodsThis study was conducted in Changning District of Shanghai， targeting people aged 60 years and above. Vaccination data between 21 December 2020 and 28 February 2022 was retrieved from the Shanghai Collective Immunization System. Information on confirmed cases of COVID-19 from March 2022 through May 2022 was collected from the National Notifiable Diseases Reporting System. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated using the screening method. ResultsAs of 28 February 2022， 69.89% of people aged ≥60 years had received ≥1-dose vaccine， 63.80% had received full primary vaccination and 31.91% had received a booster dose. Vaccination coverage declined over age， with the lowest coverage in the elderly aged ≥80 years. Moreover， COVID-19 vaccination provided the highest protection against severe/critical illness and death due to the Omicron variants in the elderly aged ≥60 years. Full primary vaccination showed 96.15%（95%CI：84.15‒99.06）of vaccine effectiveness and booster vaccination showed 100% of the effectiveness against severe/critical COVID-19 and death. ConclusionsFull primary and booster vaccination coverage in the elderly is low， especially in those aged 80 and above. Our study finds high protection against COVID-19 associated severe/critical illness and death from both full primary and booster vaccination of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in the elderly aged ≥60 years.