ObjectiveTo establish the quality standards for Sennae Folium（Cassia angustifolia） dispensing granules based on standard decoctions. MethodsHigh performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） specific chromatograms were established for 15 batches of Sennae Folium（C. angustifolia） standard decoctions and 10 of Sennae Folium（C. angustifolia） dispensing granules from different manufacturers， and the similarity evaluation， hierarchical cluster analysis（HCA） and principal component analysis（PCA） were performed. Linear calibration with two reference substances（LCTRS） and quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker（QAMS） were established for the common peaks in the specific chromatograms to determine the contents of main components in the decoction pieces， standard decoctions and dispensing granules， and to calculate their transfer rates from decoction pieces to standard decoctions and dispensing granules. ResultsThe similarities of specific chromatograms of 15 batches of Sennae Folium（C. angustifolia） standard decoctions and 10 batches of Sennae Folium（C. angustifolia） dispensing granules were all greater than 0.95， and a total of 8 characteristic peaks were calibrated， and five of them were identified， including kaempferol-3，7-O-diglucoside， apigenin-6，8-di-C-glucoside， quercetin-3-O-gentianoside， sennoside B and sennoside A. HCA and PCA results showed that there were certain differences in the composition of different batches of standard decoctions， but no clustering was observed in the production area. As the standard decoctions， the extract rate of 15 batches of samples was 26.54%-45.38%， the contents of kaempferol-3，7-O-diglucoside， apigenin-6，8-di-C-glucoside， quercetin-3-O-gentianoside， sennoside B and sennoside A were 12.16-19.26， 2.57-4.94， 3.27-5.11， 6.75-11.39， 4.69-7.79 mg·g^-1， and their transfer rates from decoction pieces to standard decoctions were 45.41%-79.02%， 29.12%-55.07%， 40.52%-67.90%， 24.72%-49.12%， 27.54%-49.34%， respectively. The extract rates of Sennae Folium（C. angustifolia） dispensing granules（C8-C10） were 38.10%-39.50%， the transfer rates of the above five components from decoction pieces to dispensing granules were 72.85%-73.58%， 53.43%-53.94%， 40.19%-40.74%， 24.62%-25.00%， 28.65%-29.11%， respectively， which were generally consistent with the transfer rates from decoction pieces to standard decoctions. ConclusionCompared with the relative retention time method， LCTRS has higher prediction accuracy and is more suitable for chromatographic columns. The established quality control standard of Sennae Folium（C. angustifolia） dispensing granules based on standard decoction is reasonable and reliable， and all indicators of samples from different manufacturers are within the range specified based on the standard decoction， which can provide reference for the quality control and process research of this dispensing granules.

ObjectiveTo establish the specific chromatogram and quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker（QAMS） based on linear calibration using two reference substances（LCTRS）， explore the consistency between Hedyotis Herba dispensing granules and standard decoction， and evaluate the quality of the dispensing granules. MethodsHigh performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） specific chromatogram was established based on 15 batches of Hedyotis Herba standard decoction and 10 batches of the dispensing granules， and LCTRS was used to locate chromatographic peaks. The actual retention times of 7 characteristic peaks in the specific chromatogram was measured on 24 different types of C₁₈ columns， taking deacetyl asperulosidic acid and asperulosidic acid as the dual standard compounds， the retention times of the other 5 characteristic peaks were predicted and validated. Based on this， QAMS was developed to determine the contents of four components（deacetyl asperulosidic acid， deacetyl asperulosidic acid methyl ester， asperulosidic acid， and p-coumaric acid）. Then， the relative correction factors of deacetyl asperulosidic acid， deacetyl asperulosidic acid methyl ester and p-coumaric acid were calculated using the reference peak of asperulosidic acid in the dual standard compounds， and each component was quantified accordingly. Finally， the consistency between the dispensing granules and standard decoction was assessed by taking extract rate of the standard decoction， consistency of the specific chromatograms， contents and transfer rates of the indicator components as indexes， and the quality of the dispensing granules was evaluated. ResultsThere were 7 common peaks in the characteristic chromatogram of samples of Hedyotis Herba standard decoction and the dispensing granules， and four of them were identified by reference standards， namely deacetyl asperulosidic acid（peak 1）， deacetyl asperulosidic acid methyl ester（peak 3）， asperulosidic acid（peak 6） and p-coumaric acid（peak 7）. The similarity between the dispensing granules and the standard decoction was >0.9. The absolute deviation in the predicted retention time for each component by LCTRS was lower than that of the relative retention time method. The extract rate of the 15 batches of Hedyotis Herba standard decoction ranged from 7.89% to 14.60%， the contents of deacetyl asperulosidic acid， deacetyl asperulosidic acid methyl ester， asperulosidic acid and p-coumaric acid were 6.62-19.70， 3.83-17.99， 1.57-6.69， 1.62-4.52 mg·g^-1， and the transfer rates of these components from decoction pieces to the standard decoction were 22.89%-39.60%， 34.03%-62.24%， 24.25%-43.70%， and 40.58%-73.71%， respectively. The extract rate， index component contents and transfer rates from decoction pieces to the three batches of Hedyotis Herba dispensing granules（P1-P3）， produced by manufacturer A， were similar to those of the standard decoction prepared from the same batch of decoction pieces， and all fell within the specified range. The contents of the 4 indicator components in 7 batches of the dispensing granules（P4-P10） from manufacturers B-E were all within the range of the content converted from the standard decoction based on the quantity of the dispensing granules. ConclusionThe established specific chromatogram and QAMS based on LCTRS are reasonable and reliable. Based on the evaluation indicators of standard decoction yield， consistency of specific chromatograms， contents and transfer rates of the four index components， the 10 batches of Hedyotis Herba dispensing granules from various manufacturers have exhibited good consistency with the standard decoction， indicating that the current production process is relatively reasonable.

ObjectiveTo establish the specific chromatogram of Chuanxiong Rhizoma dispensing granules（CRdg）， and to evaluate its quality by chemometrics and two reference substances for determination of multiple components（TRSDMC）. MethodsHigh performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） specific chromatograms were established using 13 batches of CRdg from 7 manufacturers， and preliminary quality evaluation was performed by similarity evaluation and chemometrics analysis. Eight characteristic peaks in the specific chromatogram of CRdg were measured on 22 different types of C₁₈ columns， and the actual retention times were recorded. Taking chlorogenic acid（peak 1） and senkyunolide A（peak 8） as double standard compounds， the retention times of the eight characteristic peaks were predicted by linear calibration using two reference substances（LCTRS）， and the method was validated on three other columns of different brands. Taking chlorogenic acid as reference peak， the relative correction factor method（RCFM） was used to quantify cryptochlorogenic acid， caffeic acid， ferulic acid， senkyunolide I and senkyunolide A， and the results were compared with the external standard method（ESM）. ResultsThe similarities of specific chromatograms of 13 batches of CRdg were all >0.90， and a total of 8 characteristic peaks were calibrated， and six of them were identified， including chlorogenic acid（peak 1）， cryptochlorogenic acid（peak 2）， caffeic acid（peak 3）， ferulic acid（peak 5）， senkyunolide I（peak 6） and senkyunolide A（peak 8）. Through chemometric analysis， it was found that ferulic acid， chlorogenic acid， senkyunolide I and cryptochlorogenic acid were the main components causing quality difference in CRdg， and the accuracy of LCTRS in predicting the retention time of 8 characteristic peaks was superior to that of the relative retention time method（RRT）. Further comparison of the results obtained from RCFM and ESM showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two methods. ConclusionA quality evaluation method for CRdg based on HPLC specific chromatogram and TRSDMC is established， its qualitative accuracy is better than that of RRT， the quantitative accuracy is similar to that of ESM， and 4 quality-differentiated components among different manufacturers are found. This method is stable and reliable， and has reference value for the quality evaluation of other dispensing granules.

ObjectiveTo establish the specific chromatogram of Chuanxiong Rhizoma dispensing granules（CRdg）， and to evaluate its quality by chemometrics and two reference substances for determination of multiple components（TRSDMC）. MethodsHigh performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） specific chromatograms were established using 13 batches of CRdg from 7 manufacturers， and preliminary quality evaluation was performed by similarity evaluation and chemometrics analysis. Eight characteristic peaks in the specific chromatogram of CRdg were measured on 22 different types of C₁₈ columns， and the actual retention times were recorded. Taking chlorogenic acid（peak 1） and senkyunolide A（peak 8） as double standard compounds， the retention times of the eight characteristic peaks were predicted by linear calibration using two reference substances（LCTRS）， and the method was validated on three other columns of different brands. Taking chlorogenic acid as reference peak， the relative correction factor method（RCFM） was used to quantify cryptochlorogenic acid， caffeic acid， ferulic acid， senkyunolide I and senkyunolide A， and the results were compared with the external standard method（ESM）. ResultsThe similarities of specific chromatograms of 13 batches of CRdg were all >0.90， and a total of 8 characteristic peaks were calibrated， and six of them were identified， including chlorogenic acid（peak 1）， cryptochlorogenic acid（peak 2）， caffeic acid（peak 3）， ferulic acid（peak 5）， senkyunolide I（peak 6） and senkyunolide A（peak 8）. Through chemometric analysis， it was found that ferulic acid， chlorogenic acid， senkyunolide I and cryptochlorogenic acid were the main components causing quality difference in CRdg， and the accuracy of LCTRS in predicting the retention time of 8 characteristic peaks was superior to that of the relative retention time method（RRT）. Further comparison of the results obtained from RCFM and ESM showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two methods. ConclusionA quality evaluation method for CRdg based on HPLC specific chromatogram and TRSDMC is established， its qualitative accuracy is better than that of RRT， the quantitative accuracy is similar to that of ESM， and 4 quality-differentiated components among different manufacturers are found. This method is stable and reliable， and has reference value for the quality evaluation of other dispensing granules.

Esophageal cancer is a common malignant tumor of digestive tract.Remarkable regional difference is a prominent feature of the clinical epidemiology of esophageal cancer.They are mainly manifested in incidence rate,incidence type,onset age,and gene mutation.These differences may be related to dietary habits,lifestyle,and environmental factors.In recent years,research on the regional differences in esophageal cancer has gradually deepened.This article summarizes the differences in incidence rate,incidence type,gene mutations,epigenetics,risk factors,and prognosis of esophageal cancer in different regions,including Asia(China,India,Japan,and other countries),Europe,America(the United States),Africa,and other regions.Understanding these differences can help doctors and public health experts understand the risk factors and causes of esophageal cancer and further develop highly effective prevention and treatment strategies to reduce the occurrence and mortality rate of this malignancy.

Malignant pleural mesothelioma(MPM)is a rare,highly aggressive,and lethal tumor with poor prognosis.Its survival period ranges from four months to one year,and the 5-year survival rate is only about 10%.MPM is highly resistant to chemotherapy,and conventional treatments such as cisplatin combined with pemetrexed or raltitrexed only have a certain effect in about 20%of patients.In recent years,with the continuous in-depth understanding of the genetic variation characteristics of MPM,some progress has been made in the molecular mechanism underlying the chemotherapy resistance of MPM.This article will summarize the research progress of the molecular mechanism underlying the chemotherapy resistance of MPM,including BAP1 gene mutation,microRNA,MTA1-mediated DNA damage repair pathway,GITR-GITRL pathway,TGFa pathway,tumor stem cell,EGFR,and PTEN.The aim of this work is to provide a reference for exploring new therapeutic targets and combined treatment options for MPM.

ObjectiveTo establish the quality standard for Fraxini Cortex（Fraxinus chinensis） dispensing granules based on standard decoction， and to provide a basis for the quality control of this dispensing granules. MethodHigh performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） specific chromatograms of 15 batches of Fraxini Cortex（F. chinensis） standard decoctions and 3 batches of Fraxini Cortex（F. chinensis） dispensing granules were established with the mobile phase of 0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution（A）-acetonitrile（B） for gradient elution（0-10 min， 12%-15%B； 10-30 min， 15%-32%B） and the detection wavelength of 220 nm. And similarity evaluation， cluster analysis and principal component analysis（PCA） were also carried out. HPLC quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker（QAMS） was established to determine the contents of the main components in the standard decoctions and dispensing granules. The contents of the corresponding components in Fraxini Cortex（F. chinensis） decoction pieces were also detected， and the transfer rates from decoction pieces to standard decoctions and dispensing granules were calculated. ResultThe similarities between specific chromatograms of 15 batches of Fraxini Cortex（F. chinensis） standard decoctions and 3 batches of Fraxini Cortex（F. chinensis） dispensing granules were all>0.9， and 7 common peaks were identified. The results of cluster analysis and PCA showed that there was some differences in the composition of different batches of standard decoctions， but did not show aggregation of origin. As the standard decoctions， the extract rate was 6.18%-11.62%， the contents of esculin， syringin， fraxin， esculetin， fraxetin， calceolarioside B were 44.92-103.51， 1.36-11.87， 33.26-90.73， 4.63-29.75， 2.40-16.86， 2.49-17.35 mg·g^-1， and the transfer rates from decoction pieces to standard decoction were 25.21%-42.54%， 52.57%-88.84%， 43.43%-79.45%， 49.15%-88.27%， 49.22%-72.69%， 27.66%-47.67%， respectively. The extract rates of Fraxini Cortex（F. chinensis） dispensing granules were 10.4%-10.7%， the transfer rates of the above six components from decoction pieces to dispensing granules were 42.76%-43.17%， 80.01%-80.90%， 59.59%-59.88%， 51.35%-52.67%， 60.50%-60.93%， 37.98%-38.37%， respectively， which were generally consistent with the transfer rates from decoction pieces to standard decoctions. ConclusionThe established quality control standard of Fraxini Cortex（F. chinensis） dispensing granules based on standard decoctions is reasonable and reliable， which can provide reference for the quality control and process research of this dispensing granules.

Objective:To observe and analyze the intervention effect of logotherapy on anxiety and depression in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN).Methods:Selected 102 CGN patients from March 2019 to May 2020 in Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University as the research objects, the general information of the patients was collected, and the patients were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 51 cases in each group. The control group was given routine nursing intervention for CGN patients, and the observation group was given logotherapy therapy intervention based on the intervention of the control group. The differences in the scores of the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) between the two groups before and after 3 months of intervention.Results:There were no significant differences in SAS and SDS scores before and after intervention in the control group ( P>0.05). The SAS and SDS scores in the observation group after 3 months of intervention were (40.67 ± 4.17), (48.74 ± 5.01) points, which were significantly lower than (51.34 ± 5.04), (55.19 ± 5.49) points in the control group ( t=8.37, 3.32, both P<0.01). Conclusions:The positive psychological intervention of patients with logotherapy can effectively improve the anxiety and depression of patients with CGN.

Objective:To investigate the surgical indications of gallbladder polyps.Methods:The retrospective case-control study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 2 272 patients with gallbladder polyps who underwent cholecystectomy in 11 medical centers from January 2015 to December 2019 were collected, including 585 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University, 352 in No. 215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry, 332 in the First People′s Hospital of Xianyang, 233 in Shaanxi Provincial People′s Hospital, 152 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University, 138 in Xianyang Hospital of Yan′an University, 137 in People′s Hospital of Baoji, 125 in Hanzhong Central Hospital, 95 in Baoji Central Hospital, 72 in Ankang Central Hospital, 51 in Yulin No.2 Hospital. There were 887 males and 1 385 females, aged (48±12)years, with a range from 12 to 86 years. Observation indicators: (1) surgical treatment, pathological examination and hospitalization; (2) follow-up and complications; (3) comparison of clinicopathological data between patients with non-neoplastic polyps and neoplastic polyps; (4) comparison of clinicopathological data among patients who had gallbladder polyp diameter of 7 to 9 mm, 10 to 12 mm, or ≥13 mm without cholecystolithiasis; (5) analysis of influence factors for the incidence of neoplastic polyps in patients who had gallbladder polyp diameter of 10 to 12 mm without cholecystolithiasis; (6) construction and evaluation of nomogram prediction model for neoplastic polyps of patients who had gallbladder polyp diameter of 10 to 12 mm without cholecystolithiasis. Follow-up using outpatient examination or telephone interview was conducted to detect complications and survival of patients up to April 2020. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M (range), and comparison between groups was analyzed using the rank-sum test. Ordinal data was analyzed using the rank-sum test of multi-samples. Analysis of influence factors for the incidence of neoplastic polyps was conducted after excluding missing data of CEA and CA19-9. Univariate analysis was conducted using the chi-square test or rank-sum test of multi-samples, and multivariate analysis was conducted using Logistic regression model. Based on Logistic regression model multivariate analysis, the nomogram prediction model was constructed using the R 3.6.0 version software. Results:(1) Surgical treatment, pathological examination and hospitalization: of the 2 272 patients, 2 199 cases underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 43 cases underwent open cholecystectomy, 28 cases underwent radical resection for gallbladder carcinoma, and 2 cases underwent laparoscopic gallbladder preservation and polypectomy. There were 1 050 of the 2 272 patients undergoing intraoperative frozen section examination. Results of pathological examination showed that 1 953 of the 2 272 patients had non-neoplastic polyps including 1 681 cases with cholesterol polyps and 272 cases with inflammatory polyps; 319 cases had neoplastic polyps including 274 with benign polyps (93 cases with adenoma, 66 cases with adenomyoma, 81 cases with adenoma-like hyperplasia, 34 cases with adenoma combined with intraepithelial neoplasia); and 45 cases had malignant polyps including 43 cases with adenocarcinoma, 1 case with adenosquamous carcinoma and 1 case with sarcomatoid carcinoma. The duration of postoperative hospital stay of 2 272 patients was 3 days(range, 1 to 27 days). (2) Follow-up and complications: of the 2 272 patients, 1 932 were followed up for 3.5 to 63.5 months, with a median follow-up time of 31.0 months. During the follow-up, 180 patients had short-term complications and 170 patients had long-term complications. (3) Comparison of clinicopathological data between patients with non-neoplastic polyps and neoplastic polyps: cases with age ≤50 years or >50 years, cases with time from first discovery of polyp to operation <1 year, 1-3 years, >3 years and ≤5 years or >5 years, CEA, CA19-9, CA125, cases with single or multiple polyps in preoperative ultrasonography examination, cases with diameter of polyps in preoperative ultrasonography examination as 1-6 mm, 7-9 mm, 10-12 mm or ≥13 mm, cases with pedicled or broad based polyp wall in preoperative ultrasonography examination, cases with polyp morphology in preoperative ultrasono-graphy examination as nodular, papillary, globular or mulberry-like, cases undergoing or not undergoing intraoperative frozen section examination, cases with diameter of polyps in postoperative pathological examination as 1-6 mm, 7-9 mm, 10-12 mm or ≥13 mm, cases with gallbladder wall thickness in postoperative pathological examination as ≤4 mm or >4 mm of the 1 953 patients with non-neoplastic polyps were 1 118, 835, 1 027, 422, 230, 274, 2.0 mg/L(range, 0.2-8.6 mg/L), 14.5 U/mL(range, 2.6-116.4 U/mL), 10.5 U/mL(range, 1.2-58.7 U/mL), 658, 1 295, 674, 741, 413, 125, 1 389, 564, 407, 1 119, 292, 135, 832, 1 121, 698, 774, 385, 96, 1 719, 234, respectively. The above indicators of the 319 patients with neoplastic polyps were 160, 159, 204, 55, 26, 34, 2.9 mg/L(range, 0.2-28.8 mg/L), 19.7 U/mL(range, 3.5-437.1 U/mL), 15.0 U/mL(range, 1.0-945.0 U/mL), 203, 116, 49, 59, 100, 111, 154, 165, 92, 153, 49, 25, 218, 101, 53, 85, 90, 91, 263, 56, respectively. There were significant differences in the above indicators between the non-neoplastic polyps and neoplastic polyps patients ( χ2=5.599, Z=-3.668, -2.407, -3.023, -3.403, χ2=104.474, Z=-13.367, χ2=65.676, 12.622, 73.075, Z=-11.874, χ2=7.649, P<0.05). (4) Comparison of clinicopathological data among patients who had gallbladder polyp diameter of 7 to 9 mm, 10 to 12 mm, or ≥13 mm without cholecystolithiasis: after excluding 311 of the 2 272 patients with cholecystolithiasis, there were 706 cases with gallbladder polyp diameter of 7 to 9 mm, 459 cases with gallbladder polyp diameter of 10 to 12 mm, and 205 cases with gallbladder polyp diameter ≥13 mm, respectively. Cases with time from first discovery of polyp to operation <1 year, 1-3 years, >3 years and ≤5 years or >5 years, CEA, CA19-9, cases with single or multiple polyps in preoperative ultrasonography examination, cases with pedicled or broad based polyp wall in preoperative ultrasonography examination, cases with polyp morphology in preoperative ultrasonography examination as nodular, papillary, globular or mulberry-like, cases with echo intensity of preoperative ultrasonography examination as slightly strong, medium or weak, cases undergoing or not undergoing intraoperative frozen section examination, and cases with pathological types of polyps as non-neoplastic polyps, benign polyps or malignant polyps of the 706 patients with gallbladder polyp diameter of 7 to 9 mm were 291, 170, 107, 138, 2.2 mg/L(range, 0.5-8.6 mg/L), 21.0 U/mL(range, 2.8-116.4 U/mL), 207, 499, 620, 86, 118, 463, 75, 50, 252, 410, 44, 379, 327, 657, 49, 0, respectively. The above indicators of the 459 patients with gallbladder polyp diameter of 10 to 12 mm were 267, 85, 43, 64, 1.6 mg/L(range, 0.4-9.3 mg/L), 10.4 U/mL(range, 3.3-354.0 U/mL), 205, 254, 237, 222, 158, 223, 51, 27, 222, 213, 24, 263, 196, 373, 79, 7, respectively. The above indicators of the 205 patients with gallbladder polyp diameter ≥13 mm were 128, 38, 20, 19, 2.1 mg/L(range, 0.6-28.8 mg/L), 10.2 U/mL(range, 3.6-307.0 U/mL), 120, 85, 75, 130, 68, 97, 22, 18, 98, 95, 12, 148, 57, 113, 71, 21, respectively. There were significant differences in the above indicators among patients who had gallbladder polyp diameter of 7 to 9 mm, 10 to 12 mm, or ≥ 13 mm ( χ2=46.482, 8.093, 39.504, 66.971, 277.043, 60.945, 19.672, 22.340, 197.854, P<0.05). (5) Analysis of influence factors for the incidence of neoplastic polyps in patients who had gallbladder polyp diameter of 10 to 12 mm without cholecystolithiasis: of the 459 patients who had gallbladder polyp diameter of 10 to 12 mm without cholecystolithiasis, there were 373 cases with non-neoplastic polyps, and 86 cases with neoplastic polyps, respectively. Results of univariate analysis showed that CEA, CA19-9, the number of polyps in preoperative ultrasonography examination, diameter of polyps in preoperative ultrasonography examination, polyp wall in preoperative ultrasonography examination were influence factors for the incidence of neoplastic polyps in patients who had gallbladder polyp diameter of 10 to 12 mm without cholecystolithiasis ( χ2=10.342, 5.616, 20.009, Z=-4.352, χ2=6.203, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis showed that CEA>5.0 mg/L, CA19-9>39.0 U/mL, single polyp in preoperative ultrasonography examination, polyp diameter of 11 mm in preoperative ultrasonography examination, polyps of broad base in preoperative ultrasonography examination were independent risk factors for the incidence of neoplastic polyps in patients who had gallbladder polyp diameter of 10 to 12 mm without cholecystolithiasis ( odds ratio=8.423, 0.082, 0.337, 3.694, 2.318, 95% confidence interval: 1.547-45.843, 0.015-0.443, 0.198-0.575, 1.987-6.866, 1.372-3.916, P<0.05). (6) Construction and evaluation of nomogram prediction model for neoplastic polyps of patients who had gallbladder polyp diameter of 10 to 12 mm without cholecystolithiasis: CEA, CA19-9, the number of polyps in preoperative ultrasonography examination, diameter of polyps in preoperative ultrasonography examination, polyp wall in preoperative ultrasonography examination were imported into R 3.6.0 version software to establish the nomogram prediction model for neoplastic polyps. The results showed the score for CEA>5.0 mg/L, CA19-9>39.0 U/mL, cases with single polyp in preoperative ultrasonography examination, cases with polyp diameter of 10 mm in preoperative ultrasonography examination, cases with polyp diameter of 11 mm in preoperative ultrasonography examination, cases with polyp diameter of 12 mm in preoperative ultrasonography examination, polyps of broad base in preoperative ultrasonography examination were 25, 27, 100, 0, 26, 72, 98 in the nomogram prediction model, respectively. The C-index of nomogram prediction model was 0.768. Result of nomogram prediction model showed that the incidence of tumor polyps was 0, 6% and 10% in patients with multiple and pedicled gallbladder polyps with diameter of 10, 11, 12 mm and with CEA ≤5.0 mg/L and CA19-9 ≤39.0 U/mL, the incidence of tumor polyps was 43%, 53% and 70% in patients with single and broad base gallbladder polyps with diameter of 10, 11, 12 mm. The calibration curve showed that the probability of the nomogram prediction model predicting neoplastic polyps was nearly consistent with the actual probability. Conclusions:CEA>5.0 mg/L, CA19-9>39.0 U/mL, single polyp in preoperative ultrasonography examination, polyp diameter of 11 mm in preoperative ultrasonography examination, polyps of broad base in preoperative ultrasonography examination are independent risk factors for the incidence of neoplastic polyps in patients who had gallbladder polyp diameter of 10 to 12 mm without cholecystolithiasis. Cholecystectomy should be performed in time for patients with single and broad based gallbladder polyps with diameter of 10, 11, 12 mm.

OBJECTIVE:To strengthen the management of dismounting drugs in hospital and improve pharmacist working effi-ciency by designing and mading an oral dispending desk. METHODS:In order to solve the small number of placing dismounting drugs induced by small capacity of the desk and disorder placement of placing medicines in inpatient pharmacy,our pharmacists de-signed a new kind of oral dispensing desk that can solve the above problems,produced it and put it in the daily clinical work. The application effects were evaluated by comparing the number of placing drugs and deployment time of medical orders before and af-ter applying it. RESULTS:The designed oral dispensing desk included square slots in the bench,round slots on the side,operating table,multi-panel drawer and ordinary drawer,in which,the first two parts could be used for placing drugs with different shapes and different sizes,multi-panel drawer could place oral liquid,granules,etc. The total number of placing drugs was increased from 237 to 290,and the average deployment time of each medical order was shortened from(4.55±0.38)s to(3.52±0.16)s. CON-CLUSIONS:Application of new dispensing desk has not only solved the limited capacity of the desk,disorderly placing dismount-ing drugs,being difficult to locate and manage and other problems,but also improved the deployment speed of pharmacists and promoted standardized management of dismounting drugs.