ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Astragali Radix polysaccharides （APS） on the polarization of BV2 microglial cells in an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation （OGD/R） model through regulation of the Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway. MethodsThe OGD/R injury model of BV2 microglia was established and divided into blank group， OGD/R group and APS group （0.4 g·L^-1 APS）. Neuroinflammatory injury was induced by lipopolysaccharide （LPS） and treated with APS. The cells were divided into blank group， LPS group （1 mg·L^-1 LPS） and APS group （0.4 g·L^-1 APS+1 mg·L^-1 LPS）. Cell viability was detected using the cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay. Cell morphology was observed under an inverted microscope. Nitric oxide （NO） content in the cell supernatant was determined by the Griess assay. The secretion levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin （IL）-6， IL-10， and IL-4 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Immunofluorescence （IF） was used to detect the double-positive rates of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1/inducible nitric oxide synthase （Iba-1⁺/iNOS⁺） and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1/arginase 1 （Iba-1⁺/Arg1⁺）， as well as the nuclear translocation rate of nuclear factor-κB p65 （NF-κB p65）. Protein expression levels of Iba-1， iNOS， Arg1， TLR4， and NF-κB p65 were detected by Western blot. ResultsIn the OGD/R injury model， compared with the blank control group， BV2 microglial cells in the OGD/R group were activated and exhibited amoeboid morphological changes. The secretion levels of NO， TNF-α， and IL-6 were significantly increased （P<0.01）. The double-positive expression rate of Iba-1⁺/iNOS⁺ and the protein expression of Iba-1 and iNOS were significantly increased （P<0.01）. The nuclear translocation rate of NF-κB p65 and the protein expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 were significantly increased （P<0.01）. The levels of IL-10 and IL-4 were significantly decreased （P<0.01）， and the double-positive expression rate of Iba-1⁺/Arg1⁺ and Arg1 protein expression were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the OGD/R group， the APS group （0.4 g·L^-1） showed reduced cell activation， significantly decreased secretion levels of NO， TNF-α， and IL-6 （P<0.01）， significantly decreased double-positive expression rate of Iba-1⁺/iNOS⁺ and relative protein expression of Iba-1 and iNOS （P<0.01）， significantly decreased nuclear translocation rate of NF-κB p65 and protein expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 （P<0.01）， significantly increased levels of IL-10 and IL-4 （P<0.01）， and significantly increased double-positive expression rate of Iba-1⁺/Arg1⁺ and Arg1 protein expression （P<0.01）. In the LPS-induced neuroinflammation model， compared with the blank control group， the LPS group showed increased cell activation， significantly increased levels of NO， TNF-α， and IL-6， significantly increased Iba-1⁺/iNOS⁺ double-positive expression rate， NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation rate， and protein expression levels of Iba-1， iNOS， TLR4， and NF-κB p65 （P<0.01）， while IL-10 and IL-4 levels， Iba-1⁺/Arg1⁺ double-positive expression rate， and Arg1 protein expression were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the LPS group， the APS group showed reduced cell activation， significantly decreased levels of NO， TNF-α， and IL-6， Iba-1⁺/iNOS⁺ double-positive expression rate， NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation rate， and protein expression levels of Iba-1， iNOS， TLR4， and NF-κB p65 （P<0.01）， while IL-10 and IL-4 levels， Iba-1⁺/Arg1⁺ double-positive expression rate， and Arg1 protein expression were significantly increased （P<0.01）. ConclusionAPS may reduce microglial activation and promote their polarization toward the M2 phenotype by inhibiting activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway， thereby alleviating the neuroinflammatory response induced by OGD/R.

ObjectiveTo construct and validate a clinical prediction model for Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome in chronic heart failure （CHF），aiming to assist clinical diagnosis and provide tools and methods for individualized treatment of CHF. MethodsThe clinical data of patients with chronic heart failure treated at Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from January 2022 to January 2024 were retrospectively collected. The patients were randomly divided into a training group and a validation group with a ratio of 7∶3. First， the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator （LASSO） regression analysis was used to preliminarily screen the predictive factors affecting the diagnosis of Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome in CHF. Subsequently， the Logistic regression method was applied to conduct a more in-depth and detailed analysis of these factors. Variables with P<0.05 in the results of the multi-factor Logistic regression were carefully selected and included. Based on the regression coefficients obtained from this analysis， a model was constructed， and a nomogram was accurately drawn. Using R software，the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve，calibration curve，and decision curve analysis （DCA） were precisely drawn. These analyses were used to comprehensively evaluate the model from three crucial aspects： discrimination，calibration，and clinical applicability. Additionally， the accuracy，specificity，sensitivity，positive predictive value，and negative predictive value of the model were meticulously calculated to conduct a more all-round and comprehensive assessment. ResultsIn total， 168 cases were successfully obtained in the training group， and 71 cases were included in the validation group. After a thorough comparison， it was found that there were no statistically significant differences in the baseline data between the two groups. After being rigorously screened by the LASSO-multivariate logistic regression method， dark red tongue，smoking history，cardiac troponin I，and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide （NT-ProBNP） were identified as the influencing factors for diagnosing patients with the Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome in CHF. The constructed model demonstrated an area under the curve （AUC） of 0.812 in the training group and 0.719 in the validation group. The calibration curve showed that the predicted curve of the model was close to the actual observed curve. DCA indicated that the model could provide substantial clinical benefits for patients at the decision thresholds ranging from 0.2 to 0.9. ConclusionThe clinical prediction model for Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome in chronic heart failure constructed in this study shows good performance. It has certain application value in clinical practice， which may contribute to the improvement of the diagnosis and treatment of CHF patients with this syndrome.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current situation of pharmaceutical management in compact medical consortium of Guangdong province， and to provide decision-making basis for promoting the high-quality construction and sustainable development of the provincial medical consortium. METHODS A self-designed questionnaire was used to select 50 compact medical consortiums in Guangdong province. The survey was answered by the heads of the pharmacy department of the general hospitals. The survey covered the basic scale of the consortium， the appointment of chief pharmacists， the implementation of pharmaceutical management and pharmaceutical care homogenization within the consortium， the difficulties in promoting the homogenization， and the expected provincial support. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the survey results. RESULTS A total of 50 questionnaires were collected， and the effective recovery rate was 100%. There were 16 chief pharmacists （32.00%） in charge of the pharmacy department of the general hospital in the medical consortium. Thirty-seven medical consortiums （74.00%） had established a drug supply support system within the consortium， 35 medical consortiums （70.00%） had carried out pharmaceutical management and coordination work within the medical consortium， 23 medical consortiums （46.00%） had established a clinical medication guidance system， 25 medical consortiums chenwenying2016@163.com （50.00%） had established a bidirectional communication mechanism， and only 8 medical consortiums （16.00%） had developed new models of pharmaceutical care. At present， the difficulties in promoting the homogenization of pharmaceutical management and pharmaceutical care within the medical consortium were mainly found in three aspects： the wide gap in management level of each member unit， the lack and uneven level of pharmaceutical personnel， and insufficient policy support and implementation. Most medical consortiums hoped that relevant departments could promote the homogenization of pharmaceutical work by holding special training courses or special supervision. CONCLUSIONS At present， the compact medical consortium in Guangdong province has achieved initial results in the implementation of the chief pharmacist system， the homogenization of pharmaceutical management and pharmaceutical care. However， it is still necessary to improve the coverage of chief pharmacist appointments in the medical consortium， implement the homogenization of pharmaceutical management， and accelerate the homogenization process of pharmaceutical care.

BACKGROUND: The switch/sucrose nonfermentable chromatin-remodeling (SWI/SNF) complex is a pivotal chromatin remodeling complex, and the genomic alterations (GAs) of the SWI/SNF complex are observed in several cancer types, correlating with multiple biological features of tumor cells. However, their role in liver metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. Our study aims to investigate the role and potential mechanisms underlying NSCLC liver metastasis induced by the GAs of SWI/SNF complex. METHODS: The GAs of SWI/SNF complex in NSCLC cell lines (H1299, H23 and H460) were identified by whole-exome sequencing (WES). ARID1A knockout H1299 cell was constructed with the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The mouse model of liver metastasis from NSCLC was established to simulate lung cancer liver metastasis and observe the metastasis rate under different gene mutation conditions. RNA sequencing and Western blot were conducted for differential gene expression analysis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis was used to assess protein expression levels of SWI/SNF-regulated target molecules in mouse liver metastases. RESULTS: WES analysis revealed intracellular gene mutations. The animal experiments demonstrated a correlation between the GAs of SWI/SNF complex and a higher liver metastasis rate in immunodeficient mice. Transcriptome sequencing and Western blot analysis showed upregulated expression of ALDH1A1 and APOBEC3B in SWI/SNF-mut cells, particularly in ARID1A-deficient H460 and H1299 sgARID1A cells. IHC staining of mouse liver metastases further demonstrated elevated expression of ALDH1A1 in the H460 and H1299 sgARID1A group. CONCLUSIONS This study underscores the critical role of the GAs of SWI/SNF complex, such as ARID1A and SMARCA4, in promoting liver metastasis of lung cancer cells. The GAs of SWI/SNF complex may promote liver-specific metastasis by upregulating ALDH1A1 and APOBEC3B expression, providing novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying lung cancer liver metastasis.
Animals ; Mice ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics* ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics* ; Mutation ; Liver Neoplasms/genetics*

Abstract: Objective　To analyze the clinical characteristics of children with lobar pneumonia and the distribution of pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) collected from these patients, hence providing a scientific basis for their precise diagnosis and treatment. Methods　A total of 115 children diagnosed with lobar pneumonia from August 2019 to August 2022 at Suining Central Hospital were screened as the research subjects. The clinical manifestations and occurrence of complications in the patients were investigated. All the children underwent bronchoalveolar lavage after admission, and BALF samples were collected. Fluorescence quantitative PCR was adopted to detect and analyze the distribution and clinical characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) and other related pathogenic microorganisms in BALF specimens. Results Among the 115 pediatric patients with lobar pneumonia, the occurrence of manifestations or complications including involvement of ≥2 lung lobes, myocardial damage, pleural effusion, abnormal liver function, digestive system involvement, nervous system involvement, rash, renal function impairment, and lung atelectasis were observed in 46, 46, 39, 33, 18, 17, 11, 5, and 4 cases, respectively. The pathogen positivity rate in the BALF samples of the 115 patients was 87.0% (100/115), with 81 cases of single infection and 19 cases of mixed infection. A total of 121 strains of pathogens were isolated, including 83 strains of Mycoplasmal pneumonia (MP) (accounting for 68.6%) and SP(13.2%). The differences in the detection rates of HI, MP, RSV strains among different age groups were statistically significant (χ2=8.834, 19.454, 10.284, P<0.05), while the differences in the infection rates of SP, KP, CP, and ADV were not statistically significant (χ2=3.393, 2.67, 0.565, 0.097, P>0.05). The MP pneumonia group showed significantly higher incidence of complications such as pleural effusion, nervous system involvement, and abnormal liver function than the non-MP pneumonia group (χ2=3.925, 4.195, and 4.513, P<0.05). The highest pathogen detection rate was in winter, accounting for 33.91%. Conclusions MP is the most common pathogen in BALF of children with lobar pneumonia. There is variation in the pathogen detection rate among different age groups and seasons. Those with combined infections were more prone to complications, which is worthy of attention by clinicians.

Surgical resection is the most important treatment of thymoma. However, the role of postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy (PORT) has been controversial. The survival benefits of two-dimensional radiotherapy are not significant. However, precision radiotherapy has significantly changed tumor radiotherapy. The value of PORT for thymoma may also be altered. At present, the effect of radiotherapy in patients with positive surgical margins or inoperable resection is confirmed. For patients with complete surgical resection, Masaoka-Koga stage Ⅰ patients do not require PORT. Whether PORT should be given for stage Ⅱ patients remains debated if stage Ⅱ b, large volume and B2/B3 type were considered during radiotherapy. The role of PORT for stage Ⅲ patients is also in disputed, whereas a majority of findings support the application of PORT. Precision technology is recommended during PORT. The clinical target volume suggests that the three-dimensional expansion of the tumor bed is 0.5 cm, including the mediastinal pleura involved by the tumor and 0.5-1.0 cm along the anterior and posterior direction of the mediastinal pleura, the cranial and caudal direction, the lung side is expanded within the 0.5 cm, and the vascular wall around the tumor and part of the vascular space, so as to avoid including too much normal tissue. The dose for complete resection is 45-50 Gy and 54-60 Gy or slightly higher for incomplete resection, which may increase the benefits and reduce the risk of PORT.The application of new radiotherapy techniques such as particle therapy can gain the advantage of dosimetric distribution, and whether it can be transformed into clinical benefits needs to be further explored.

For the treatment of early non-small cell lung cancer, surgery is still one of the most important curative treatments. Lung segment or subsegment resection under video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is becoming more and more popular. With the development of radiotherapy technology, Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) has achieved the similar or the same curative effect as surgery. It has become an indisputable curative treatment for patients who can not or refuse surgery, and there are still some disputes among those who can operate. Therefore, this review will elaborate on these treatment methods in order to help update the concept and provide more treatment methods and obtain more benefits for patients. Although it is no randomized clinical trial to compare SBRT with surgery, we suggest that SBRT is the curative treatment for patients who can not or refuse surgery. Especially for the elderly, or patients with cardiopulmonary diseases, diabetes and other high-risks. SBRT should become the main treatment methods, because its curative effect is not inferior to surgery and its complications are fewer and lighter. Therefore, for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer in the early stage, it is more importent to choose individualized treatment methods so as to more benefit.

Objective: To establish overfed zebrafish model for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Methods: The wild-type zebrafish was fed 3 times a day with normal diet. Body length, weight, and triglyceride levels were measured after 20 days of feeding. The changes in expression of genes associated with cholesterol metabolism, lipid metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation were detected by quantitative PCR. Liver tissue sections were stained with H&E. Statistical analyses between groups were compared using t-test. Results: The body length (0.71±0.014) cm and body weight (44.83±1.833) mg of model group were higher than that of control group (0.50±0.009) cm and body weight (19.33±2.753) mg (total _{body length} = 12.36, total _{body weight} = 7.71, P < 0.01). Triglyceride content in the model group was (59.15 ± 0.5612) μmol / L, higher than the control group (16.71 ± 0.3562) μmol / L (t = 63.84, P < 0.001). Quantitative PCR results showed that the expression of genes related to cholesterol synthesis in the model group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.01). The expression levels of lipid production and lipid oxidation related factors in the model group were higher than the control group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The expression of inflammation-related factors in the model group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.001), and the expression of genes related to endoplasmic reticulum stress in the model group was higher than that to control group (P<0.001). Liver H&E staining showed that the model group had pathological changes such as large bulla and vesicles compared to the control group. Conclusion A continuous 3 times 20 days of normal diet can simulate the disease characteristics of human non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in a zebrafish.

Objective To explore the establishment of nursing work model and clinical application in anuria ward. Methods Established the nursing model of anuria ward in rehabilitation department, including the establishment of neurogenic bladder functional rehabilitation nursing specialist group. Define organizational structure, division of labor and responsibilities, conduct continuous personnel training, education and assessment, formulate standardized procedures for rehabilitation and nursing of neurogenic bladder function, implement bladder function assessment, bladder function training, health education, etc. Stage summary and continuous quality improvement. Results The scores of nurses' theoretical examination, skill assessment, nurses'own satisfaction and doctors'satisfaction were 79.6 ±2.1 and 78.5 ±3.5, 91.3 ±2.3, 93.2±1.8, 92.5 ±2.4, respectively. After the implementation of the model, the scores were 89.2 ±1.8, 87.6 ±2.7, 96.3 ±3.6 and 97.4 ±1.6, 98.6 ±1.3, respectively. Before and after the implementation of the model, the differences were statistically significant (t=-8.755--7.685, P<0.05). The number of days of indwelling urinary catheter, residual urinary volume of bladder, and urinary system infection cases before the implementation of the model were (31.63 ±8.47) days and (263.38 ±18.62) ml, (15.03±3.10) cases, (21.27 ±1.64) days, respectively; and (8.78 ±4.32) days, (79.39 ±17.36)ml, (5.36 ± 1.35) cases, (12.45 ± 1.78) days, respectively after the implementation. There was significant difference between the two groups (t =- 23.643--5.874, P < 0.05). Conclusions The establishment of nursing work model without urinary tube ward it can obviously improve the nurses'theory and skill operation level of bladder function rehabilitation nursing, nurses themselves and doctors, patients'satisfaction to nurses, and significantly reduce the number of days of indwelling catheter, urinary bladder residual urine, urinary tract feeling and hospitalization days. The nursing work mode of no urinary tube ward is normative and operable, and it is worth popularizing in clinic.

Objective To explore the demands of schizophrenics and their primary caregivers for knowledge of mental health during rehabilitation period,so as to provide some references for improving their mental health knowledge.Methods Using the convenience sampling method,49 schizophrenics and 59 primary caregivers completed the general information questionnaire and needs for knowledge of mental health questionnaire.Results The total score of demands for knowledge of mental health of schizophrenics was (55.83±19.29),while the total score of caregivers was (64.88±19.83)(t=-2.376,P=0.019). Conclusions Demands for mental health knowledge of schizophrenics and their primary caregivers are different. Implementation of health education programs should be targeted and individualized.