OBJECTIVE To systematically investigate the current status and effectiveness of the standardized on-the-job training program for community clinical pharmacists in Shanghai， and to provide a scientific basis for optimizing the training scheme. METHODS A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the data from trainees and mentor pharmacists who participated in the program between 2016 and 2024. The survey examined their basic information， evaluations of the training scheme， satisfaction with training outcomes， and suggestions for improvement. Statistical analyses were also conducted. RESULTS A total of 420 valid responses were collected， including 340 from trainees and 80 from mentor pharmacists. Before training， only 30.29% of trainees were engaged in clinical pharmacy-related work， whereas this proportion increased to 73.24% after training. Most mentor pharmacists had extensive experience in clinical pharmacy （76.25% with ≥5 years of experience） and mentoring （78.75% with ≥3 teaching sessions）. Totally 65.59% of trainees and 55.00% of mentor pharmacists believed that blended training yielded the best learning outcomes. Over 80.00% of both trainees and mentor pharmacists considered the overall training duration， theoretical study time， and practical training time to be reasonable. More than 95.00% of trainees and mentor pharmacists agreed that the homework and assessment schemes were appropriate. Trainees rated the relevance of training content to their actual work highly （with an average relevance score ＞4.5）， though they perceived the chronic disease medication therapy management module as significantly more challenging than the prescription review and evaluation module and the home-based pharmaceutical care module. The average satisfaction score of trainees and mentor pharmacists with the training effectiveness of each project was above 4 points， indicating a high overall satisfaction. Inadequate provision of teaching resources was unanimously recognized by trainees and mentor pharmacists as the key area requiring improvement. CONCLUSIONS The standardized on-the-job training program for community clinical pharmacists in Shanghai has contributed to improving pharmaceutical services in community healthcare settings. However， ongoing improvements must concentrate on content design， resource development， and faculty cultivation.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current situation of pharmaceutical management in compact medical consortium of Guangdong province， and to provide decision-making basis for promoting the high-quality construction and sustainable development of the provincial medical consortium. METHODS A self-designed questionnaire was used to select 50 compact medical consortiums in Guangdong province. The survey was answered by the heads of the pharmacy department of the general hospitals. The survey covered the basic scale of the consortium， the appointment of chief pharmacists， the implementation of pharmaceutical management and pharmaceutical care homogenization within the consortium， the difficulties in promoting the homogenization， and the expected provincial support. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the survey results. RESULTS A total of 50 questionnaires were collected， and the effective recovery rate was 100%. There were 16 chief pharmacists （32.00%） in charge of the pharmacy department of the general hospital in the medical consortium. Thirty-seven medical consortiums （74.00%） had established a drug supply support system within the consortium， 35 medical consortiums （70.00%） had carried out pharmaceutical management and coordination work within the medical consortium， 23 medical consortiums （46.00%） had established a clinical medication guidance system， 25 medical consortiums chenwenying2016@163.com （50.00%） had established a bidirectional communication mechanism， and only 8 medical consortiums （16.00%） had developed new models of pharmaceutical care. At present， the difficulties in promoting the homogenization of pharmaceutical management and pharmaceutical care within the medical consortium were mainly found in three aspects： the wide gap in management level of each member unit， the lack and uneven level of pharmaceutical personnel， and insufficient policy support and implementation. Most medical consortiums hoped that relevant departments could promote the homogenization of pharmaceutical work by holding special training courses or special supervision. CONCLUSIONS At present， the compact medical consortium in Guangdong province has achieved initial results in the implementation of the chief pharmacist system， the homogenization of pharmaceutical management and pharmaceutical care. However， it is still necessary to improve the coverage of chief pharmacist appointments in the medical consortium， implement the homogenization of pharmaceutical management， and accelerate the homogenization process of pharmaceutical care.

Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the head and neck, among which papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common. Papillary thyroid carcinoma with a diameter of ≤ 1.0 cm is called thyroid micropapillary carcinoma. In recent years, thermal ablation technology for the treatment of thyroid micropapillary carcinoma has developed rapidly at home and abroad. At present, many guidelines, consensus and clinical studies related to thermal ablation treatment of thyroid micropapillary carcinoma have been published at home and abroad. Based on the existing literature, guidelines and clinical studies, this article summarizes, discusses and analyzes the advantages, indications, efficacy, safety, and existing problems of thermal ablation therapy for thyroid cancer.

Objective:To investigate the effect of prenatal dexamethasone on short-term outcomes and long-term neurological development in late preterm infants with twin pregnancy.Methods:A total of 315 pregnant women with twin pregnancy and their preterm infants who delivered in Peking University Third Hospital from January 2019 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical data of pregnant women and preterm infants were collected. They were divided into non-medication group (93 pregnant women and 186 preterm infants), medication after 34 weeks group (123 pregnant women and 246 preterm infants), and medication before 34 weeks group (99 pregnant women and 198 preterm infants). Short-term outcomes of preterm infants were analyzed, including the incidence of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), wet lung, hypoglycemia, neonatal septicemia, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). "Ages and Stages Questionnaire-Third Edition (ASQ-3) scale" was used to follow up the late neurological development of preterm infants at the corrected age of 6-54 months, and the level of neurological development was compared.Results:(1) General conditions: the gestational age at delivery in the non-medication group [36.1 weeks (35.6, 36.6 weeks)] was later than that in the medication after 34 weeks group [36.1 weeks (35.2, 36.4 weeks)] and medication before 34 weeks group [35.2 weeks (34.2, 36.2 weeks)] groups, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). After correcting for gestational age, there was no significant difference in birth weight among the three groups ( H=3.808, P=0.149). There were no significant differences in gender and the proportion of small for gestational age among the three groups (all P>0.05). (2) Short-term outcome: the incidence of wet lung was 7.0% (13/186), 11.0% (27/246) and 16.2% (32/198) in the non-medication group, medication after 34 weeks group and medication before 34 weeks group, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.018). There were no significant differences in the incidence rates of NRDS, hypoglycemia, sepsis, IVH, BPD, and NEC among the three groups (all P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis with gestational age and newborn birth weight as confounding factors showed that early gestational age ( OR=0.884, 95% CI: 0.837-0.933, P<0.001) and increased incidence of selective intrauterine growth restriction type I ( OR=2.967, 95% CI: 1.153-7.639, P=0.024) could both lead to an increased incidence of wet lung. (3) Long-term outcomes: a total of 109 pregnant women completed the follow-up, and 218 preterm infants with a corrected age of 6-54 months at the end of follow-up were enrolled, including 86 cases in the non-medication group, 66 cases in the medication after 34 weeks group, and 66 cases in the medication before 34 weeks group. There were no significant differences in the scores of communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem solving and personal-social among the three groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion:Prenatal administration of a single course of dexamethasone does not affect the neonatal birth weight and short-term outcomes of twin late preterm infants, and has no adverse effect on the neurological development of twin late preterm infants with a corrected age of 6-54 months.

Objective:To understand the preferences of medical students for the performance, function and recommendation method of personalized learning resource recommendation system, as well as the correlation with the self-directed learning ability of medical students, so as to provide a reference for further building an effective learning platform and learning resource tool.Methods:A total of 482 first-year to third-year medical students in a medical university were selected as the research subjects. The electronic self-directed learning scale and the self-designed medical education learning resources recommendation system of performance, function and recommendation method scale were used to conduct a questionnaire survey. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between the performance, function and recommendation method preference of medical students' information resource recommendation system and self-directed learning ability.Results:Medical students had high demand and preference for learning [(4.35±0.58) points], accuracy [(4.32±0.62) points] and timeliness [(4.32±0.62) points] of learning resource recommendation system. In terms of the function of the recommendation system, the following [(4.10±0.71) points] and sharing [(3.94±0.82) points], and searching [(4.35±0.59) points], feedback [(4.09±0.73) points] and publication [(3.80±0.88) points] in the interactive function were all highly rated. For the preference of recommendation methods, the scores of discipline connection [(4.07±0.66) points] and time line [(4.02±0.74) points] were higher. The dimensions with high relevance to self-directed learning included timeliness ( r=0.367), social attributes ( r=0.361), and the basis of similar groups ( r=0.316). Conclusion:Medical students are familiar with and have a positive attitude towards the performance, functions and recommendation methods of the learning resource recommendation system, and have a cognitive foundation for the construction of the learning resource recommendation system and related resource platforms. This system has a certain correlation with the self-directed learning ability of medical students. Promoting the construction of medical education information resources is conducive to promoting the development of self-directed learning ability of medical students.

Objective:To study the effect of blood volume feedback control system on improving intradialytic-hypotension (IDH) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.Methods:It was a prospective cohort study. Thirty MHD patients with recurrent IDH in the Dialysis Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from March 2021 to March 2022 were selected. A self-control study was conducted in MHD patients. The patients were treated with routine hemodialysis in both baseline phase (A1) and reversal phase (A2), while with hemodialysis under the blood volume feedback control system in intervention phase (B). Each phase lasted for 4 weeks (12 hemodialysis sessions). The average occurrences of IDH and IDH-related adverse events (IDH-RAE, stopping dehydration for more than 10 minutes or getting off the hemodialysis machine 10 minutes earlier due to IDH) of each patient between phase A1, B, and A2 were calculated and compared. In a total of 1 080 dialysis records, a logistic regression analysis model was established with age, sex and intervention as independent variables and with the occurrence of IDH-RAE as the outcome.Results:A total of 30 eligible patients were included in the study, including 14 males (46.7%) and 16 females (53.3%), aged 63.0 (56.5, 72.5) years old, with a median dialysis age of 84.0 (37.2, 120.0) months. The average times of IDH in 30 MHD patients decreased from 1.17 (0.83, 1.67) in stage A1 (before intervention) to 0.33 (0.25, 0.58) in stage B (after intervention) ( P<0.05). The frequency of IDH-RAE decreased significantly from 0.29 (0.19, 0.47) in stage A1 to 0.17 (0,0.25) in stage B ( P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis results indicated that the use of blood volume feedback control system reduced the risk of IDH-RAE by 53% ( OR=0.47, 95% CI 0.34-0.64, P<0.001). Conclusions:The application of blood volume feedback control system can effectively reduce the occurrences of IDH and the risk of IDH-RAE in MHD patients.

Objective To explore the relationship between different obesity indicators and carotid intima-media thickness(CIMT)in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A total of 1762 T2DM patients who visited the Endocrinology Department of Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University and the Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2019 to February 2022 were enrolled in this study.They were divided into youth group(18～44 years old,n=402),middle aged group(45～59 years old,n=1032),and elderly group(≥60 years old,n=328)according to WHO age classification criteria.The influencing factors for CIMT thickening in T2DM patients were analyzed using binary logistic regression,and the evaluation of the predictive effect of different obesity indicators on CIMT thickening was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.Results The subcuta-neous fat area,visceral fat area(VFA),neck circumference(NC),BMI,WC,cardiac metabolic index(CMI),Chinese visceral fat index(CAVI),visceral fat index,triglyceride glucose index,body roundness index,lipid aggregation index,HbA1c,DBP,TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C were lower in the middle aged and elderly groups than in youth group(P＜0.05).Binary logistic regression showed that VFA,NC,CMI in young T2DM patients,CAVI in middle aged T2DM patients,and NC in elderly T2DM patients were influ-encing factors for CIMT thickening.ROC curve analysis showed that VFA in young T2DM patients,CAVI in middle aged T2DM patients,and NC in elderly T2DM patients had a better predictive effect on CIMT thickening,with areas under the ROC curve of 0.567,0.574,and 0.573 respectively.Conclusion VFA,CAVI,and NC have a certain predictive effect on CIMT thickening in young,middle aged,and elderly T2DM patients.

Tear film hyperosmolarity plays a core role in the development of dry eye disease (DED) by mediating the disruption of ocular surface homeostasis and triggering inflammation in ocular surface epithelium. In this study, the mechanisms involving the hyperosmolar microenvironment, glycolysis mediating metabolic reprogramming, and pyroptosis were explored clinically, in vitro, and in vivo. Data from DED clinical samples indicated that the expression of glycolysis and pyroptosis-related genes, including PKM2 and GSDMD, was significantly upregulated and that the secretion of IL-1β significantly increased. In vitro, the indirect coculture of macrophages derived from THP-1 and human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) was used to discuss the interaction among cells. The hyperosmolar environment was found to greatly induce HCECs' metabolic reprogramming, which may be the primary cause of the subsequent inflammation in macrophages upon the activation of the related gene and protein expression. 2-Deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) could inhibit the glycolysis of HCECs and subsequently suppress the pyroptosis of macrophages. In vivo, 2-DG showed potential efficacy in relieving DED activity and could significantly reduce the overexpression of genes and proteins related to glycolysis and pyroptosis. In summary, our findings suggested that hyperosmolar-induced glycolytic reprogramming played an active role in promoting DED inflammation by mediating pyroptosis.

Objective:To investigate the level of self-compassion among residents and related influencing factors, and to help them improve self-compassion ability, achieve learning goals, and increase the degree of satisfaction with learning.Methods:In July 2022, the random sampling method was used to select 330 residents (postgraduate students majoring in clinical medicine after national unified recruitment) from two grade A tertiary hospitals in Shenyang of Liaoning province in China, and Self-Compassion Scale was used for investigation. SPSS software was used to analyze the degree of satisfaction with industry, learning pressure, the balance between learning and life, and occupational burnout among residents and their association with the level of self-compassion through the chi-square test, the one-way analysis of variance, and the multilevel regression analysis.Results:The residents had a mean self-compassion score of (40.90±6.81), and the residents of the second grade had a lower level of self-compassion than those of the other grades. Major satisfaction and balance between learning and life were positively correlated with self-compassion, and occupational burnout was negatively correlated with self-compassion.Conclusion:There is a relatively insufficient level of self-compassion among residents, and improving self-compassion level may effectively regulate occupational burnout, professional satisfaction, and the balance between learning and life, thereby helping to improve learning and mental health.

Objective:To evaluate whether FOXO4-DRI could reverse radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) and to explore the underlying mechanism.Methods:C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, FOXO4-DRI, radiation, and radiation+ FOXO4-DRI. Mice in radiation or radiation+ FOXO4-DRI groups received 17 Gy X-ray radiation on the right side of the whole chest. Mice in FOXO4-DRI and radiation+ FOXO4-DRI groups were injected with FOXO4-DRI intraperitoneally at 16 and 20 weeks after irradiation, respectively. The right lungs were collected at 24 weeks after irradiation and subjected to HE staining and Masson trichrome staining to observe the morphological changes and collagen deposition. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expressions of col1α1 and α-SMA in lung tissues. β-gal staining was used to observe senescent cells. The level of reactive oxygen species in lung tissue was detected. The expressions of P21, P16 Ink4a and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR, and the expression of related proteins were assessed by Western blot. Results:FOXO4-DRI reduced collagen deposition ( t=6.18, P<0.05), down-regulated the expression of col1α1 and α-SMA ( t=4.69, 3.20, P<0.05), and reduced the number of β-gal positive cells ( t=6.09, P<0.05) in the lung tissue of RIPF mice. FOXO4-DRI also down-regulated the gene and protein expressions of P21 and P16 Ink4a ( t=5.31, 3.32 and 4.77, 3.37, P<0.05) and inhibited the expressions of SASP genes IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α and MMP2 ( t=4.36, 4.84, 4.47, 3.82, P<0.05), reduced reactive oxygen species ( t=2.84, P<0.05), and promoted the activation of p-AKT and p-PI3K proteins ( t=-7.13, -12.61, P< 0.05) in the lung tissue of RIPF mice. Conclusions:FOXO4-DRI reverses RIPF by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting cellular senescence.