Bovine leukemia virus(BLV)mainly causes bovine B-cell malignant lymphoma,which causes immunosuppression and leads animals susceptible to other diseases.BLV has been detected all over the world except in Western Europe.Antibodies to BLV have been detected in humans,and reverse transcribed DNA of BLV were detected in breast tissue sections and lung tumors,which in-dicate that BLV is a potential zoonotic disease.At present,there are no effective treatment methods or commercial vaccines for BLV.An in-depth understanding of the development of BLV detection technology will help researchers choose suitable detection methods,avoid invalid detection results,and meet the requirements of disease prevention and control.In view of this,this paper reviews 19 detection technologies of BLV including cytology detection,nucleic acid detection,and serology de-tection.The advantages,disadvantages,and scope of application were also analyzed,which provide theoretical guidance for the prevention and control of bovine leukemia.

Objective To investigate the effects of insulin therapy on the mechanical behavior of solids,characteristics of fluid flow,and bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs)differentiation in the distal femoral cancellous bone of type 2 diabetic rats under normal activity and vigorous exercise conditions.Methods The finite element models of cancellous bones and fluids in the distal femurs of rats in the control,diabetes,treatment,and placebo groups in 4-week and 8-week insulin treatment experiments under normal activity and vigorous exercise conditions were established based on micro-CT scanning images.The mechanical and cell differentiation parameters of the models in each group were analyzed using the fluid-solid interaction numerical simulation method.Correlations between mechanical,cell differentiation,and microstructural morphology parameters were also analyzed.Results Insulin therapy under normal activity and vigorous exercise conditions improved the solid and fluid mechanical parameters and BMSC differentiation parameters in type 2 diabetic rats.In the 4-week experiment,insulin treatment under normal activity and vigorous exercise conditions increased the differentiation areas of bone in type 2 diabetic rats from 64.024%to 69.372%and from 73.225%to 75.336%,respectively;in the 8-week experiment,insulin treatment under normal activity and vigorous exercise conditions increased the differentiation areas of bone in type 2 diabetic rats from 67.239%to 72.910%and from 76.147%to 78.291%,respectively.Morphological parameters BV/TV,Tb.N,Tb.Th,Tb.Sp,and structure model index were significantly correlated with the differentiation areas of the bone and cartilage(P<0.05).Conclusions Under vigorous exercise conditions,BMSCs on the surface of cancellous bone in the 8-week insulin treatment group were more likely to differentiate into bone tissue.This study is of great significance for further understanding the effects of insulin on the bone under normal activity and vigorous exercise conditions,and provides theoretical guidance for the selection of the insulin therapy cycle and exercise mode in the clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the head and neck, among which papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common. Papillary thyroid carcinoma with a diameter of ≤ 1.0 cm is called thyroid micropapillary carcinoma. In recent years, thermal ablation technology for the treatment of thyroid micropapillary carcinoma has developed rapidly at home and abroad. At present, many guidelines, consensus and clinical studies related to thermal ablation treatment of thyroid micropapillary carcinoma have been published at home and abroad. Based on the existing literature, guidelines and clinical studies, this article summarizes, discusses and analyzes the advantages, indications, efficacy, safety, and existing problems of thermal ablation therapy for thyroid cancer.

Objective:To investigate the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of patients with sudden unexpected death of epilepsy (SUDEP).Methods:Using "epilepsy" as the keyword, the relevant cases entered from October 2011 to March 2012 were searched in the database of the Electroencephalogram (EEG) Monitoring Center, Xijing Hospital, the Air Force Military Medical University. Telephone follow-up was conducted for all confirmed epilepsy patients, and for the death cases confirmed by telephone follow-up, the patients identified as consistent with SUDEP diagnosis were included in this study based on their past medical history, clinical data, death details, etc, and their clinical and neuroelectrophysiological characteristics were summarized and analyzed.Results:Among the 1 232 patients who underwent 24-hour video-EEG monitoring during the study period, 354 patients were successfully followed up by telephone interview, of whom 17 patients were died (4.8%), 12 individuals met the diagnosis of SUDEP (7 men, 5 women). The duration of the disease in 9 patients exceeded 10 years. Eight cases presented with focal-bilateral tonic clonic seizures. Nine patients were treated with anti-seizure drug monotherapy. All the 24-hour video EEG of 12 patients were abnormal. There were 8 occasions when the EEG occipital α background rhythm slowed down compared with the standard frequency of peers or was dominated by slow waves. Interictal epileptic discharge (IED) located in temporal lobe were found in 12 EEG records, of which 9 EEG records were found with frontal IED. One of the 12 cases received 24-hour video EEG twice within 6 years, and his EEG background rhythm was significantly slower and the IED region was expanded compared with the first EEG record. At the third year after reexamination of EEG, SUDEP developed in this patient.Conclusions:SUDEP patients have a long course of disease and bilateral tonic-clonic seizure. The interictal EEG shows occipital slow α activity and temporofrontal epileptiform discharges, which may increase the risk of SUDEP.

Nucleotide excision repair was a complex biochemical process that involved in the repair of many kinds of DNA damage. Previous study suggested that xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XPC) gene played an important role in the process of DNA damage repair. This study aimed to explore the influence of XPC gene polymorphism on the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) who were treated with capecitabine-related adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: A total of 158 patients with CRC who received surgical resection and capecitabine-based adjuvant chemotherapy were included in this study consecutively. Baseline clinical characteristics of patients were collected and analyzed. Additionally, peripheral blood specimens of the patients were collected for polymorphism analysis of XPC gene and mRNA expression of XPC, respectively. The association analysis between XPC polymorphism and prognosis and mRNA expression was performed. Cox regression analysis was used for multivariate adjustment. RESULTS: Prognostic data in the 158 patients with CRC who received capecitabine-based adjuvant chemotherapy was collected retrospectively. The median follow-up duration of the patients was 5.0 years (range: 0.25-7.5 years). The median DFS and OS of the 158 patients with CRC was 4.5 years and 5.7 years, respectively. XPC polymorphism analysis suggested that rs2228001 was of clinical significance. The prevalence of rs2228001 polymorphism among CRC patients was: TT genotype 86 cases (54.4%), TG genotype 60 cases (38.0%) and GG genotype 12 cases (7.6%), resulting in a minor allele frequency of 0.27, which was in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P=0.733). TG and GG genotypes were merged in the subsequent analysis. The prognostic results exhibited that the median DFS of patients with TT genotype and TG / GG genotype was 4.5 and 5.7 years, respectively (c

OBJECTIVE To analyze the effect of pharmaceutical practice of pediatric pharmacists providing internet medication consultation services. METHODS A total of 8 356 children’s medication cases through the “Our Pharmacists” online medication consultation platform （hereinafter referred to as “Our Pharmacists”） were collected from July 2020 to June 2022. The general information， disease type and irrational drug use were analyzed statistically. RESULTS Among 8 356 cases， 4 234 were male and 4 122 were female； the age of children was mainly from 12 months to 3 years old； the consulting diseases were mainly respiratory diseases （46.56%）， followed by digestive system diseases （18.41%） and skin system diseases （12.71%）. Among respiratory diseases， the proportion of irrational drug use was 92.30%， mainly including the use of antibiotics without indication （83.59%）， inappropriate selection of Chinese patent medicines （61.14%） and compound cold medicines （49.77%）， etc. Among digestive system diseases， the proportion of irrational drug use was 71.15%， mainly including not using oral rehydration salts （48.85%）， inappropriate use of probiotics （31.19%）， the use of antibiotics without indication （26.89%）， etc. A total of 4 273 evaluations of pharmacist services were received from child guardians， with a five-star rating of 99.88%. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacists provide pediatric medication consultation services through “Our Pharmacists”， providing individualized evidence-based medication suggestions， increasing the safety of drug use and satisfaction with pharmaceutical care， and ensuring the safety of children medication.

Objective:To evaluate whether FOXO4-DRI could reverse radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) and to explore the underlying mechanism.Methods:C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, FOXO4-DRI, radiation, and radiation+ FOXO4-DRI. Mice in radiation or radiation+ FOXO4-DRI groups received 17 Gy X-ray radiation on the right side of the whole chest. Mice in FOXO4-DRI and radiation+ FOXO4-DRI groups were injected with FOXO4-DRI intraperitoneally at 16 and 20 weeks after irradiation, respectively. The right lungs were collected at 24 weeks after irradiation and subjected to HE staining and Masson trichrome staining to observe the morphological changes and collagen deposition. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expressions of col1α1 and α-SMA in lung tissues. β-gal staining was used to observe senescent cells. The level of reactive oxygen species in lung tissue was detected. The expressions of P21, P16 Ink4a and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR, and the expression of related proteins were assessed by Western blot. Results:FOXO4-DRI reduced collagen deposition ( t=6.18, P<0.05), down-regulated the expression of col1α1 and α-SMA ( t=4.69, 3.20, P<0.05), and reduced the number of β-gal positive cells ( t=6.09, P<0.05) in the lung tissue of RIPF mice. FOXO4-DRI also down-regulated the gene and protein expressions of P21 and P16 Ink4a ( t=5.31, 3.32 and 4.77, 3.37, P<0.05) and inhibited the expressions of SASP genes IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α and MMP2 ( t=4.36, 4.84, 4.47, 3.82, P<0.05), reduced reactive oxygen species ( t=2.84, P<0.05), and promoted the activation of p-AKT and p-PI3K proteins ( t=-7.13, -12.61, P< 0.05) in the lung tissue of RIPF mice. Conclusions:FOXO4-DRI reverses RIPF by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting cellular senescence.

Objective:To seek specific response points on the body surface of patients with primary dysmenorrhea(PD)by observing blood perfusion unit(PU)at different points of the three Yin meridians of foot using laser speckle contrast imaging(LSCI). Methods:Eighty PD patients were recruited as a PD group,and 80 healthy female undergraduates were taken as a normal group.During one menstrual cycle(before menstruation,during menstruation,and 3 d after menstruation),each participant was examined using the LSCI system to determine PU at bilateral Taixi(KI3),Taibai(SP3),Taichong(LR3),Shuiquan(KI5),Diji(SP8),Zhongdu(LR6),Sanyinjiao(SP6),and Xuehai(SP10)and non-acupuncture points.The researchers in charge of point location,operation,and statistical analysis were not aware of grouping.PU at the detection spots was taken as the outcome measure. Results:Compared with the normal group,the PD group showed increases in PU at right Taixi(KI3)before menstruation(P<0.05)and at bilateral Zhongdu(LR6)and right Diji(SP8)during menstruation(P<0.05).At the other time points,significance was not found between the two groups in comparing PU at the detected spots. Conclusion:Compared with healthy participants,PD patients present specific changes in PU at Taixi(KI3),Diji(SP8),and Zhongdu(LR6)at specific time points during the menstrual cycle,which provides a reference for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of PD in clinical settings.

Microorganisms are the dominant players driving the degradation and transformation of chloramphenicol (CAP) in the environment. However, little bacterial strains are able to efficiently degrade and mineralize CAP, and the CAP degrading pathways mediated by oxidative reactions remain unclear. In this study, a highly efficient CAP-degrading microbial consortium, which mainly consists of Rhodococcus (relative abundance >70%), was obtained through an enrichment process using CAP-contaminated activated sludge as the inoculum. A bacterial strain CAP-2 capable of efficiently degrading CAP was isolated from the consortium and identified as Rhodococcus sp. by 16S rRNA gene analysis. Strain CAP-2 can efficiently degrade CAP under different nutrient conditions. Based on the biotransformation characteristics of the detected metabolite p-nitrobenzoic acid and the reported metabolites p-nitrobenzaldehyde and protocatechuate by strain CAP-2, a new oxidative pathway for the degradation of CAP was proposed. The side chain of CAP was oxidized and broken to generate p-nitrobenzaldehyde, which was further oxidized to p-nitrobenzoic acid. Strain CAP-2 can be used to further study the molecular mechanism of CAP catabolism, and has the potential to be used in in situ bioremediation of CAP-contaminated environment.
Biodegradation, Environmental ; Chloramphenicol ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics* ; Rhodococcus/genetics* ; Sewage

Objective:The research was aimed to investigate the association between serum total homocysteine (tHcy) and subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord (SCD).Methods:A retrospective survey of 106 newly diagnosed patients with SCD were enrolled in this research who were treated in the department of neurology of Xijing Hospital from January 2008 to February 2019, meanwhile, 121 patients with spinal cord lesion (not SCD) and 104 neurology mild outpatients were selected as controls. Serum tHcy level was determined by using the chemiluminescent immunoassay assay. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors for SCD. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, sensitivity, specificity and Youden index were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of tHcy. Spearman correlation analysis was used to observe the correlation between tHcy and SCD severity. The SCD patients were categorized into normal or mild tHcy group, moderate tHcy group, and severe tHcy group based on tHcy levels. Clinical symptoms, nerve conduction velocity, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings from the patients were studied.Results:The serum tHcy levels in SCD patients were 64.3(26.5, 98.8) μmol/L, while in patients with spinal cord lesion (not SCD) group were 13.7(10.8, 19.2) μmol/L, neurology mild outpatients were 10.6(8.2, 13.0) μmol/L, which was higher in SCD group ( H=112.020, P<0.001), ( H=165.525, P<0.001).The multivariate logistic regression model showed tHcy is the impact factor of SCD ( OR=1.107, 95% CI:1.077-1.139, P<0.001). At ROC analysis, tHcy showed diagnostic value with an optimal cut-off value of 24.9 μmol/L (AUC 0.913, 95% CI: 0.875-0.951, sensitivity 79.2%, specificity 91.6%). Spearman correlation analysis showed that tHcy was positively correlated with functional disability rating scale ( r=0.254, P=0.009). Conclusions:Serum tHcy is the risk factor for SCD and related to its disability. Focus on the increased level of tHcy plays a positive role in the diagnosis of SCD.