Objective:To evaluate the clinical utility of machine learning model based radiomics in predicting high-risk molecular subtypes of lower-grade gliomas(LrGGs).Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 287 patients diagnosed with LrGGs in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People′s Hospital, and the Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January 2011 to September 2023 were retrospectively collected, including 166 males and 121 females; 114 cases of high-risk molecular subtypes and 173 cases of non-high-risk molecular subtypes. All patients were divided into 201 cases in the training set and 86 cases in the test set according to 7∶3 in simple randomized grouping method. All patients underwent contrast-enhanced T 1WI (CE-T 1WI) and T 2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence imaging (T 2-FLAIR), and the imaging features of high-risk and non-high-risk molecular subtypes were analyzed. Analysis of variance, recursive feature elimination, and Kruskal-Wallis were used for radiomics feature screening, and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier was used to construct a radiomics-based classifier model. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze clinical variables independently influencing high-risk molecular subtypes of LrGGs to construct a clinical model; a combined model was developed by integrating radiomics labels and clinical variables. Receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve were used to compare the predictive performance of different models. Results:The patient′s age ( OR=1.042, 95% CI 1.018-1.068, P=0.001), pathological grade ( OR=2.270, 95% CI 1.212-4.311, P=0.011), MGMT methylation status ( OR=0.456, 95% CI 0.238-0.866, P=0.017), and ependymal involvement ( OR=7.335, 95% CI 2.929-18.370, P<0.001) were independent influencing factors for the high-risk molecular subtype of LrGGs, and a clinical model was developed based on these factors. An SVM model was constructed based on 12 radiomics features (3 radiomics features based on CE-T 1WI and 9 radiomics features based on T 2-FLAIR). The radiomics score of the probability output by the SVM model was combined with age, pathological grade, MGMT methylation status, and ependymal involvement to develop a combined model. The AUC values of the SVM model for predicting the high-risk molecular subtype of LrGGs were 0.824 and 0.859 in the training set and test set, respectively; the AUC values of the clinical model in the training set and test set were 0.759 and 0.721, respectively; and the AUC values of the combined model in the training set and test set were 0.823 and 0.815, respectively. The combined model had a high clinical net benefit. Conclusion:The machine learning MRI radiomics model can preoperatively predict high risk molecular subtypes of LGGrs, assist in individualized treatment decisions.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical utility of machine learning model based radiomics in predicting high-risk molecular subtypes of lower-grade gliomas(LrGGs).Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 287 patients diagnosed with LrGGs in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People′s Hospital, and the Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January 2011 to September 2023 were retrospectively collected, including 166 males and 121 females; 114 cases of high-risk molecular subtypes and 173 cases of non-high-risk molecular subtypes. All patients were divided into 201 cases in the training set and 86 cases in the test set according to 7∶3 in simple randomized grouping method. All patients underwent contrast-enhanced T 1WI (CE-T 1WI) and T 2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence imaging (T 2-FLAIR), and the imaging features of high-risk and non-high-risk molecular subtypes were analyzed. Analysis of variance, recursive feature elimination, and Kruskal-Wallis were used for radiomics feature screening, and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier was used to construct a radiomics-based classifier model. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze clinical variables independently influencing high-risk molecular subtypes of LrGGs to construct a clinical model; a combined model was developed by integrating radiomics labels and clinical variables. Receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve were used to compare the predictive performance of different models. Results:The patient′s age ( OR=1.042, 95% CI 1.018-1.068, P=0.001), pathological grade ( OR=2.270, 95% CI 1.212-4.311, P=0.011), MGMT methylation status ( OR=0.456, 95% CI 0.238-0.866, P=0.017), and ependymal involvement ( OR=7.335, 95% CI 2.929-18.370, P<0.001) were independent influencing factors for the high-risk molecular subtype of LrGGs, and a clinical model was developed based on these factors. An SVM model was constructed based on 12 radiomics features (3 radiomics features based on CE-T 1WI and 9 radiomics features based on T 2-FLAIR). The radiomics score of the probability output by the SVM model was combined with age, pathological grade, MGMT methylation status, and ependymal involvement to develop a combined model. The AUC values of the SVM model for predicting the high-risk molecular subtype of LrGGs were 0.824 and 0.859 in the training set and test set, respectively; the AUC values of the clinical model in the training set and test set were 0.759 and 0.721, respectively; and the AUC values of the combined model in the training set and test set were 0.823 and 0.815, respectively. The combined model had a high clinical net benefit. Conclusion:The machine learning MRI radiomics model can preoperatively predict high risk molecular subtypes of LGGrs, assist in individualized treatment decisions.

Objective:To explore the clinical manifestation, treatments, and outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced immune-mediated liver injury (IMLI).Methods:The patients with ICI- related IMLI and hospitalized in the Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2018 to November 2022 were collected. The basic information, tumor treatments, clinical manifestation, treatments and outcomes of the patients with IMLI were retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 29 patients were included in the study, including 17 males (58.6%) and 12 females (41.4%), with a median age of 65 years. The median treatment cycle from the use of ICI to the occurrence of liver injury was 3 cycles, and the median time was 78 days. In patients with IMLI, 48.3% (14/29) had no obvious symptoms and 51.7% (15/29) had symptoms such as decreased appetite, nausea, abdominal distension, fatigue, fever and jaundice; 44.8% (13/29) were accompanied by other immune-related adverse events. The clinical classification of IMLI was hepatocellular type in 18 patients (62.1%), cholestasis type in 4 patients (13.8%), and mixed type in 7 patients (24.1%). According to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) classification, severe liver injury (≥ grade 3) accounted for 86.2% (25/29), while according to the Chinese Diagnosis and Treatment Guideline on Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI guidelines) classification, severe liver injury (≥ grade 2) accounted for 34.5% (10/29). All 29 patients discontinued the treatment of ICIs after occurrence of IMLI, and 28 patients were treated with glucocorticoids, 7 of which were combined with mycophenolate mofetil and/or human immunoglobulin and artificial liver; 22 patients (75.9%) were improved. In the other 7 patients that did not recover, 4 discharged automatically, 2 died, and 1 could not be judged. ICI was rechallenged in 3 patients after liver function improvement, and IMLI did not recur. Conclusions:The IMLIs often occur 2 to 3 months after the start of ICI treatment, the most common clinical type is hepatocyte type, and the severity of clinical symptoms in patients vary from mild to severe. After discontinuing ICIs and receiving glucocorticoid treatments, most patients may have a good prognosis.

Objective:To explore the clinical manifestation, treatments, and outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced immune-mediated liver injury (IMLI).Methods:The patients with ICI- related IMLI and hospitalized in the Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2018 to November 2022 were collected. The basic information, tumor treatments, clinical manifestation, treatments and outcomes of the patients with IMLI were retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 29 patients were included in the study, including 17 males (58.6%) and 12 females (41.4%), with a median age of 65 years. The median treatment cycle from the use of ICI to the occurrence of liver injury was 3 cycles, and the median time was 78 days. In patients with IMLI, 48.3% (14/29) had no obvious symptoms and 51.7% (15/29) had symptoms such as decreased appetite, nausea, abdominal distension, fatigue, fever and jaundice; 44.8% (13/29) were accompanied by other immune-related adverse events. The clinical classification of IMLI was hepatocellular type in 18 patients (62.1%), cholestasis type in 4 patients (13.8%), and mixed type in 7 patients (24.1%). According to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) classification, severe liver injury (≥ grade 3) accounted for 86.2% (25/29), while according to the Chinese Diagnosis and Treatment Guideline on Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI guidelines) classification, severe liver injury (≥ grade 2) accounted for 34.5% (10/29). All 29 patients discontinued the treatment of ICIs after occurrence of IMLI, and 28 patients were treated with glucocorticoids, 7 of which were combined with mycophenolate mofetil and/or human immunoglobulin and artificial liver; 22 patients (75.9%) were improved. In the other 7 patients that did not recover, 4 discharged automatically, 2 died, and 1 could not be judged. ICI was rechallenged in 3 patients after liver function improvement, and IMLI did not recur. Conclusions:The IMLIs often occur 2 to 3 months after the start of ICI treatment, the most common clinical type is hepatocyte type, and the severity of clinical symptoms in patients vary from mild to severe. After discontinuing ICIs and receiving glucocorticoid treatments, most patients may have a good prognosis.

In order to provide scientific basis for health education and patient timely seeking behavior, this article summarizes the definition, the status quo and influencing factors of delayed on health seeking behavior of patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome. Influencing factors mainly include clinical character, individual and environment.

Objective:To investigate the short-term effects of articular injection of hyaluronic acid combined with glucocorticoid in patients with knee osteoarthritis.Methods:From October 2017 to June 2018, a total of 188 patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis received parallel articular injection. There were 60 cases with mild knee osteoarthritis, 72 with moderate and 56 with severe according to the WOMAC knee functional score. There patients were divided into group rank Ⅰ48 cases, Ⅱ 49 cases, Ⅲ 45 cases, Ⅳ 46 cases according to the knee joint X-ray Kellgren-Lawrence classification. The unified treatment regimen was 2.5 ml Sodium Hyaluronate (SHA) injection for the first time, SHA 2.5 ml and compound betamethasone injection (CBI) 1 ml for the second week, and 2.5 ml of SHA for the third week. WOMAC score and Lequesne index were used to evaluate joint function before the first injection and after SHA and SHA+CBI injection. The improvement rate of Lequesne index ≥30% or improvement rate of WOMAC score ≥25% was regarded as effective treatment.Results:Lequesne index and WOMAC score decreased gradually in the mild, moderate and severe groups after 3 weeks of injection. Among these patients, the improvement rates of Lequesne index after SHA injection and SHA+CBI injection were 36.44%±8.46% and 49.26%±13.75% in the mild group, 23.09%±12.61% and 30.66%±14.95% in the moderate group, and 10.50%±8.78% and 11.07%±6.52% in the severe group. The improvement rate of WOMAC score in the mild group after SHA injection and after SHA+CBI injection was greater than 25%. After SHA injection, the improvement rate of WOMAC score was 13.06%±10.21% in the moderate group, and 27.49%±13.61% after SHA+CBI injection. Those in severe group were all less than 25%. Kendall's staub correlation analysis results showed that there was a strong positive correlation between WOMAC function score and X-ray Kellgren-Lawrence classification ( r=0.744, P<0.001). The Lequesne index and WOMAC scores of the Kellgren-Lawrence X-ray classification decreased gradually after 3 weeks of injection. The improvement rate of Lequesne index period in group rank Ⅰ after SHA and SHA+CBI injection was 36.64%±10.05% and 52.00%±8.19%, respectively. That for group rank Ⅱ was 32.05%±8.09% and 41.95%±10.53%, group rank Ⅲ 16.93%±10.34% and 27.77%±10.25%, group rank Ⅳ 7.52%±5.53% and 7.60%±6.66%. The improvement rate of WOMAC score period in group rank Ⅰ after SHA and SHA+CBI injection was 29.48%±11.77% and 42.59%±13.55%, respectively. That for group rank Ⅱ was 26.72%±10.21% and 30.49%±16.90%, group rank Ⅲ 13.78%±5.96% and 23.05%±9.52%, group rank Ⅳ 4.77%±3.80% and 4.27%±4.23%. Conclusion:For mild or X-ray classification Ⅰ, Ⅱ knee osteoarthritis patients, articular injection SHA or SHA+CBI are effective. Further, SHA+CBI is better than single injection of SHA. SHA+CBI injection was effective for moderate knee osteoarthritis patients. For severe or X-ray classification Ⅲ, Ⅳ patients, SHA or SHA+CBI injection at interval are invalid.

Recent studies have shown that metabolic syndrome (MetS), e.g., obesity, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and drinking coexist in a considerable number of individuals, suggesting the overlap of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and NAFLD promotes the development and progression of fatty liver disease and aggravates the adverse outcome of fatty liver disease in a synergistic and interactive way. The evolution of the disease spectrum of fatty liver disease challenges the exclusive diagnosis system which divides fatty liver disease into ALD and NAFLD. This article summarizes the research advances in recent years and introduce the latest international consensus on the renaming of NAFLD, aiming to pay attention to the influence of drinking and MetS on NAFLD, put forward our insights into the diagnosis of fatty liver disease, and thus provide a new basis for reexamination the diagnosis and individualized treatment of fatty liver disease.

Objective: To explore the related factors for primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) caused by chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and hepatitis C (CHC). Methods: According to the principle of cross-sectional study, a cluster random sample method was used, a total of 366 chronic hepatitis patients in hospitals were recruited from three provincial tertiary hospitals in Shanxi, Henan and Jilin between July 2016 and October 2016, respectively. Using a self-designed unified questionnaire, face-to-face interviews was conducted on subjects, including sex, age, alcohol consumption, coffee consumption, green tea consumption, fish consumption, smoking, HBV/HCV diagnosis and treatment, diabetes mellitus, family history of PHC (whether PHC in first-degree relatives), etc. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression were performed to identify the related factors for PHC with CHB and CHC. According to the clinical diagnosis the patients were divided into a chronic hepatitis group (not developing to PHC) and a PHC group. Results: Among 366 cases patients, 287 (78.4%) cases were male, 79 cases were female (21.6%), average age was (52.7±9.3) years. 202 cases were chronic hepatitis group, 164 cases were PHC group. Multivariate unconditional logistics regression analysis indicated that alcohol consumption (odds ratio (OR)=2.11, 95%CI: 1.18-3.75), family history of PHC (OR=5.12, 95%CI: 2.60-10.08) were positively correlated with the development of PHC in chronic b, green tea consumption (OR=0.45, 95%CI: 0.23-0.88), antiviral treatment (OR=0.19, 95%CI: 0.11-0.32) were negatively correlated. Alcohol consumption (OR=3.98, 95%CI: 1.14-13.85) was positively correlated with the development of PHC in chronic c, antiviral treatment (OR=0.14, 95%CI: 0.04-0.50) was negatively correlated. Conclusion Alcohol consumption, family history of PHC, green tea consumption and antiviral treatment were the related factors for the development of PHC in chronic hepatitis b. Alcohol consumption and antiviral treatment were the related factors for the development of PHC in chronic hepatitis c.

Objective To investigate the novice nurses'psychological experience of caring hospitalized children with pain .Methods Fifteen pediatric novice nurses were in-depth interviewed .The interview results were transcribed and analyzed on the bases of relevant theories .Results Novice nurses felt confident and had self-identity when pain of hospitalized children was expected , otherwise, they felt fearful, helpless, unconfident and even losing their sense of self . Conclusions More attention should be paid to the novice nurses'psychological experience of caring hospitalized children with pain .Effective interventions should be adopted to develop the novice nurses'ability of pain care and assure the quality , efficiency and safety of nursing .

BACKGROUND: Transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCl), but the mechanisms involved remain unclear.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of MSCs transplantation on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) in rats after SCl.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Randomized, controlled, animal experiment. The study was performed at the Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, China Medical University from April to July 2003.MATERIALS: A total of 64 SD rats, aged 3 months, of either gender, weighing 250-300 g, were used. Of them, 4 were randomly selected to isolate and culture MSCs, and the remaining were used to establish SCl models.METHODS: The 60 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Seven days after SCl, MSCs group (n=24) was transplanted with 5 μL culture solution containing 1×109/L MSCs to the injury site using micro-injection; PBS group (n=24) was transplanted with 5μ L PBS, and the blank control group (n=12) with 5μ L normal saline.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The rats were sacrificed at 7, 14, and 28 days post-surgery. MSCs morphology was observed and the expression of BDNF at the lesion areas was examined by immunohistochemistry,RESULTS: All 60 rats were included in the final analysis. After ten subcultures, the cell proliferative capacity was reduced, and cell body turned to flat; the MSCs protiferation and morphous could be maintained by adding basic fibroblast growth factor.Transplantation of MSCs enhanced the expression of BDNF compared with PBS and blank control groups at 7, 14, and 28 days post-surgery (P ＜ 0.05); white no significant difference was found between PBS and blank control groups (P ＞ 0.05).