Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) have the characteristics of resistance to environmental degradation, bioaccumulation and long-distance migration potential. Maternal exposure to POPs during pregnancy can enter the fetal blood circulation through the placental barrier, and have a potential impact on the functional development of the nervous system of the offspring. This in turn leads to the occurrence and development of neurological defects and diseases in adulthood. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the effects of exposure to three major POPs (organochlorine compounds, perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers) during pregnancy on the functional development of the nervous system (social emotions, cognition, language, exercise, and adaptability) in children, and to provide reference for subsequent studies.

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) have the characteristics of resistance to environmental degradation, bioaccumulation and long-distance migration potential. Maternal exposure to POPs during pregnancy can enter the fetal blood circulation through the placental barrier, and have a potential impact on the functional development of the nervous system of the offspring. This in turn leads to the occurrence and development of neurological defects and diseases in adulthood. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the effects of exposure to three major POPs (organochlorine compounds, perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers) during pregnancy on the functional development of the nervous system (social emotions, cognition, language, exercise, and adaptability) in children, and to provide reference for subsequent studies.

Objective:To develop a nucleic acid detection system for Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori) based on recombinase-aided isothermal amplification (RAA) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated(Cas13a). Methods:Thirty strains of H. pylori, as well as two strains each of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter cloacae, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were collected from the Emergency General Hospital between 2021 and 2022. The specific primers and CRISPR RNA (crRNA) required for this newly established method were designed based on the conserved region of the ureC gene of H. pylori. Then, the primer pair that produced the least non-specific products was screened out using agarose gel electrophoresis, and the crRNA sequence with the highest cleavage efficiency was screened according to the fluorescence intensity produced by Cas13a cutting fluorescence probe. The RAA-Cas13a nucleic acid detection system was developed, and the limit of detection and the specificity of which were evaluated by detecting gradient dilutions of H. pylori ATCC 43504 genomic DNA and 5 different clinically common pathogens′ genomic DNA. The consistency with quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR) method was obtained by simultaneously detecting clinical strains using this method and established qPCR method. Two-tailed paired t-test was used to compare the fluorescence results between the two groups, and a P value less than 0.05 indicates a statistically significant difference. Results:The established RAA-Cas13a nucleic acid detection system could detect target DNA as low as 10 copies/μl. within 1 hour ( t=11.05, P<0.01), without cross-reaction with the other 5 clinically common strains. That method also showed good consistency compared to the qPCR method, the kappa coefficient=1. Conclusions:A method combining RAA with CRISPR-Cas13a for detecting H. pylori has been established, which can be used for rapid and sensitive identification of H. pylori infection.

Objective To demonstrate the feasibility of oblique lumbar interbody fusion(OLIF)com-bined with 4-screw fixation for treating two-level lumbar degenerative diseases.Methods An intact finite element model of L3-S1(MO)was constructed and validated.Then,we constructed the M1 model by simulating OLIF surgery at L3/4 and L4/5 segments on the MO model.By attachment of posterior 4-screw or 6-screw fixation to the M1 model,three 4-screw fixation models(M2-M4)and one 6-screw fixation model(M5)were established.The segmental and overall range of motion(ROM)and the peak von Mises stresses of superior endplate,cage,and posterior screw-rod were investigated under each implanted condition.Results Under the motion modes of forward flexion,backward extension,bilateral(left and right)flexion,and left and right rotation,the L3/4 ROM of M2 model and L4/5 ROM of M3 model increased,while the L3/4 and L4/5 ROM of M4 and M5 models significantly decreased compared with those of M1 model.Under all motion modes,the L4 superior endplate in M2 model and the L5 superior endplate in M3 model showed the maximum peak von Mises stress,and the peak von Mises stresses of L4 and L5 superior endplates in M4 and M5 models were close.The L3/4 cage in M2 model and the L4/5 cage in M3 model showcased the largest peak von Mises stress,and the peak von Mises stresses of cages in M4 and M5 models were close.The peak stresses of internal fixation in M2-M5 models were close.Conclusion Four-screw fixa-tion can replace 6-screw fixation in the OLIF surgery for treating two-level degenerative lumbar diseases.

Objective To investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of Marsdeniae Tenacissimae Caulis(Tongguanteng)injection and extract in human osteosarcoma cells proliferation,migration,invasion,and apoptosis.Methods MNNG/HOS,Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells,and normal bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSC)were cultured in vitro.Cells were incubated with different concentrations of Tongguanteng injection and Tongguanteng extract(40,60,80 mg/mL).Cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK-8 assay and plate colony formation assay.Cell migration and invasion were evaluated by scratch assay and Transwell assay.Cell apoptosis was evaluated by Hoechst33342 staining and Annexin-V/PI double staining assay.Bax,Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 mRNA expression were detected using RT-qPCR.The protein expressions of JAK1,p-JAK1,STAT3,p-STAT3 and MMP9 were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the control group,both Tongguanteng injection and extract significantly decreased the survival rate of MNNG/HOS and Saos-2 cells,inhibited cell clone formation,migration,and invasion,induced cell apoptosis(P<0.05,P<0.01),promoted Bax mRNA and protein expression,inhibited Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression,and up-regulated Caspase-3 mRNA and Cleaved Caspase-3 protein expression.Tongguanteng injection could significantly down-regulate the expressions of p-JAK1,p-STAT3 and MMP9 protein expression in Saos-2 cells(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Both Tongguanteng injection and Tongguanteng extract can significantly inhibit proliferation,migration and invasion of human osteosarcoma MNNG/HOS and Saos-2 cells,and induce apoptosis,with no significant difference in anti-tumor effect.The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the activation of JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Objective To evaluate the degree of brain atrophy in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3(SCA3)patients based on artificial intelligence(AI)technology,and to explore the correlation between the degree of brain atrophy and the severity of the disease.Methods The clinical and imaging data of 23 SCA3 patients(SCA3 group)and 24 healthy controls(HC)(HC group)were collected.The International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale(ICARS)was used to evaluate the severity of ataxia in patients with SCA3.AI technology was used to process the 3D-T1 WI MR image data of the SCA3 and HC groups to segment and measure the volume and volume percentage of brain,followed by correlation analyses between brain structural alterations and the severity of ataxia in SCA3 patients.Results There were no significant differences in gender and age between the two groups(P＞0.05).The SCA3 group had a significant reduction in the volume and volume percentage of various brain regions,such as the frontal,temporal,parietal,occipital,limbic,right cerebral white mat-ter,subcortical gray matter,cerebellum and brainstem,compared to the HC group(multiple hypothesis testing adjusted P＜0.01).In the SCA3 group,the ICARS showed positive correlation with patient age(r=0.571,P=0.004)and negative correlation with the vol-ume of the left cerebellar white matter,vermis,medulla oblongata,and the volume percentages of bilateral cerebellar white matter,vermis,pons,medulla oblongata(P＜0.05).Conclusion The significant atrophy of the supratentorial and subtentorial regions of the brain in SCA3 patients.The globus pallidus exhibits the most substantial atrophy,suggesting its potential as an imaging diagnostic marker of SC A3.

Background Maternal atmospheric pollution during pregnancy may alter fetal intrauterine development programming, thereby increasing the risk of childhood obesity in the future. Objective To investigate the effects of atmospheric pollution exposure during pregnancy on the incidence of childhood obesity in offspring. Methods English databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Medline) and Chinese databases (Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and VIP Information Chinese Journal Service Platform) were searched for literature reporting exposure to atmospheric pollution during pregnancy and childhood obesity published from 1 January 2000 to 31 August 2023. The quality of the included literature was evaluated using the quality assessment tools for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies recommended by the US National Institutes of Health. Results Twenty-four studies meeting the inclusion criteria were identified and the associated atmospheric pollutants included particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen oxide, carbon oxide, and sulfur oxide. In comparison to the non-exposed group, prenatal exposure to various common atmospheric pollutants were significantly associated with an elevated risk of childhood obesity in offspring. Conclusion Maternal exposure to atmospheric pollution during pregnancy is associated with an elevated risk of childhood obesity in subsequent years. Future studies should pay more attention to the effects of atmospheric pollution on the distribution of children's body fat and metabolic development, and further identify potential mechanisms of atmospheric pollutant exposure leading to childhood obesity.

The condition of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) complicated by corona virus 2019 disease (COVID-19) is complex. sTBI can significantly increase the probability of COVID-19 developing into severe or critical stage, while COVID-19 can also increase the surgical risk of sTBI and the severity of postoperative lung lesions. There are many contradictions in the treatment process, which brings difficulties to the clinical treatment of such patients. Up to now, there are few clinical studies and therapeutic norms relevant to sTBI complicated by COVID-19. In order to standardize the clinical treatment of such patients, Critical Care Medicine Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Healthcare and Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate the Chinese expert consensus on clinical treatment of adult patients with severe traumatic brain injury complicated by corona virus infection 2019 ( version 2023) based on the joint prevention and control mechanism scheme of the State Council and domestic and foreign literatures on sTBI and COVID-19 in the past 3 years of the international epidemic. Fifteen recommendations focused on emergency treatment, emergency surgery and comprehensive management were put forward to provide a guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of sTBI complicated by COVID-19.

Objective:To study the role and mechanism of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3B (APOBEC3B)-mediated inhibition of hepatitis B virus(HBV) replication.Methods:The interaction between HSP70 and APOBEC3B was analyzed by co-immunopreciptation (Co-IP) and GST pull-down. After treating Huh7 cells with siHSP70 or HSP70 inhibitor VER155008 or overexpressing HSP70 in Huh7 cells, changes in the antiviral effect of APOBEC3B were detected by Southern blot and real-time PCR; the deaminase activity of APOBEC3B was tested by differential DNA denaturation PCR(3D-PCR) and clone sequencing.Results:HSP70 could bind to APOBEC3B. Overexpression of HSP70 promoted the deaminase activity and anti-HBV activity of APOBEC3B. On the contrary, knockdown of HSP70 or using HSP70 inhibitor VER155008 would attenuate the deaminase activity and anti-HBV activity of APOBEC3B.Conclusions:HSP70 could promote the anti-HBV activity of APOBEC3B by enhancing the deaminase activity of APOBEC3B.

Childhood obesity has become a global public health problem, and its incidence and development are closely related to the exposure to risk factors in early life. In recent years, more and more epidemiological research evidences have shown that breastfeeding has the modification effect on early life risk factors of childhood obesity, such as high genetic risk of obesity, maternal gestational diabetes mellitus, macrosomia and other factors. This paper reviews the research results in this field, and summarizes the modification effect of breastfeeding on childhood obesity heredity and early life environmental risk factors associated with childhood obesity, to provide a reference for the evaluation of positive effect of breastfeeding on prevention and control of obesity in specific risk groups for taking targeted measure to reduce the risk for childhood obesity.