Diabetic kidney disease （DKD） is a microvascular complication of diabetes， with a complex pathogenesis， in which mitochondrial dysfunction is considered to be the core of DKD development. Taking mitochondria as a target to regulate mitochondrial energy metabolism， mitochondrial oxidative stress， mitophagy， and mitochondrial dynamic function represents a promising strategy for the DKD prevention and treatment， with good prospects in clinical application. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has great potential to mediate mitochondrial dysfunction in the DKD prevention and treatment. This article deeply explores the intrinsic relationship between various forms of mitochondrial dysfunction and DKD， and summarizes the current research status of various Chinese herbal compounds and Chinese herbal formulas in targeting mitochondrial dysfunction for the DKD prevention and treatment. This article aims to provide new targets and strategies for the DKD prevention and treatment， and the research and development of TCM.

Objective: To analyze the trend in burden of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in China from 1990 to 2021, so as to provide insights into reducing the RA burden in China. Methods: Data of Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 were collected, and the incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) of RA in China from 1990 to 2021 were analyzed and compared with global and different Socio-demographic Index (SDI) regions. The trend in burden of RA was analyzed using average annual percent change (AAPC). Results: The crude incidence rates of RA in China increased from 10.87/105 in 1990 to 17.38/105 in 2021, the crude mortality rates increased from 0.41/105 to 0.72/105, and the crude DALY rates increased from 34.26/105 to 58.61/105, with the increases of 59.98%, 77.95% and 71.06%, respectively. From 1990 to 2021, the standardized incidence rates of RA in China showed an increasing trend (AAPC=0.545%, P<0.05), the standardized mortality rates showed a decreasing trend (AAPC=-0.783%, P<0.05), and the standardized DALY rates showed no significant trend (AAPC=-0.017%, P>0.05). In 2021, the standardized incidence rate, standardized mortality rate and standardized DALY rate of RA were higher in females than in males; from 1990 to 2021, the standardized DALY rates of RA showed a decreasing trend in females (AAPC=-0.200%, P<0.05) and an increasing trend in males (AAPC=0.316%, P<0.05). The crude incidence rates of RA first increased and then decreased with age in 2021, reaching the highest in the age group of 75-<80 years at 34.36/105. Both the crude mortality rates and the crude DALY rates increased with age, reaching the highest in the age group of 95 years and older at 26.72/105 and 285.67/105, respectively. The standardized incidence rates and standardized DALY rates of RA in China in 2021 were lower than those in high SDI regions, while the standardized mortality rate was lower than that in medium-low SDI regions. Conclusions The burden of RA in China from 1990 to 2021 showed an upward trend, and was at a high level compared to different SDI regions. Higher disease burden of RA was seen in females and the elderly.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between brain iron deposition and cognitive function in patients with carotid atherosclerosis stenosis (CAS) based on quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).Methods:This single-center prospective study was performed at the Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from January 2022 to June 2022. Patients who met the ataxation criteria were divided into the CAS group ( n=16) and the CAS with mild cognitive impairment (CAS-MCI) group ( n=17) according to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. All patients completed QSM imaging and whole-brain analyses were performed for absolute susceptibility values in cortical regions. Age, sex, education years, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were included as covariates in all analyses. Partial correlation analyses were used to determine the correlation between bilateral CAS degrees and cortical susceptibility values. Further, mediation analyses were performed to determine whether and how cortical susceptibility values affect cognition in CAS patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was also performed to evaluate the predictive worth of differential brain region susceptibility values for cognitive decline. Independent sample t test and Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare quantitative variables. The comparison of categorical variables was conducted using χ2 test, Fisher′s exact test or Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results:A total of 33 patients were included in the study, including 16 in the CAS group and 17 in the CAS-MCI group. There were 23 males and 10 females, aged (62.8±9.0) years (range: 48 to 88 years). CAS-MCI group showed higher right CAS grades ( Z=-2.037, P=0.042). Whole-brain cortical QSM analyses showed higher susceptibility values in the frontal pole ((-0.210±0.080)×10 -8vs.(-0.130±0.120)×10 -8; t=-2.187, P=0.037), superior frontal gyrus ((-0.604±0.243)×10 -8vs. (-0.428±0.203)×10 -8; t=-2.223, P=0.034), and temporal pole ((-0.081±0.115)×10 -8vs. (0.054±0.190)×10 -8; t=-2.417, P=0.022) in CAS-MCI group compared to CAS group. The susceptibility value of the frontal pole showed a positive correlation with the right CAS grade ( r=0.424, P=0.009),while a quasi-significant positive correlation with the left CAS ( r=0.313, P=0.070). The susceptibility values of the frontal and temporal poles were negatively correlated with the MoCA score (frontal pole: r=-0.391, P=0.027; temporal pole: r=-0.410, P=0.020). Mediation analysis showed the effect of right CAS on cognition was fully mediated by the susceptibility value of the frontal pole. The ROC curve revealed that the area under the curve of using hypertension combined with the susceptibility value of the frontal pole to predict cognitive decline was 0.882 (95% CI:0.763 to 0.989) with 82% of sensitivity and 83% of specificity. Conclusions:Multiple cortical regions show iron deposition in CAS-MCI patients. Right CAS plays an important role in cognitive decline, frontal pole iron deposition mediates the effect of right CAS on cognitive function. Quantified frontal pole susceptibility is useful for the diagnosis of cognitive decline in patients with CAS.

[Objective]To explore the clinical efficacy of Qingre Jiedu Decoction in the treatment of acute mastitis during lactation.[Methods]The clinical data of lactating mastitis patients who presented to the Galactophore Department of Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Capital Medical University from January 2019 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.In the treatment group,80 patients received internal decoction;in control group,no decoction was taken.The severity index of mastitis,disease improvement rate,breast pain score,milk patency,nipple cracking condition and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)systemic symptom score were observed.[Results]There were significant statistic differences in the severity index of mastitis,disease improvement rate,breast pain score,milk patency and TCM systemic symptoms scores(P＜0.05).The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was better than that of the control group.[Conclusion]Qingre Jiedu Decoction can effectively release pain,reduce the size of lumps,release swelling and milk stasis of lactation acute mastitis,and the curative effect is good.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between brain iron deposition and cognitive function in patients with carotid atherosclerosis stenosis (CAS) based on quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).Methods:This single-center prospective study was performed at the Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from January 2022 to June 2022. Patients who met the ataxation criteria were divided into the CAS group ( n=16) and the CAS with mild cognitive impairment (CAS-MCI) group ( n=17) according to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. All patients completed QSM imaging and whole-brain analyses were performed for absolute susceptibility values in cortical regions. Age, sex, education years, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were included as covariates in all analyses. Partial correlation analyses were used to determine the correlation between bilateral CAS degrees and cortical susceptibility values. Further, mediation analyses were performed to determine whether and how cortical susceptibility values affect cognition in CAS patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was also performed to evaluate the predictive worth of differential brain region susceptibility values for cognitive decline. Independent sample t test and Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare quantitative variables. The comparison of categorical variables was conducted using χ2 test, Fisher′s exact test or Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results:A total of 33 patients were included in the study, including 16 in the CAS group and 17 in the CAS-MCI group. There were 23 males and 10 females, aged (62.8±9.0) years (range: 48 to 88 years). CAS-MCI group showed higher right CAS grades ( Z=-2.037, P=0.042). Whole-brain cortical QSM analyses showed higher susceptibility values in the frontal pole ((-0.210±0.080)×10 -8vs.(-0.130±0.120)×10 -8; t=-2.187, P=0.037), superior frontal gyrus ((-0.604±0.243)×10 -8vs. (-0.428±0.203)×10 -8; t=-2.223, P=0.034), and temporal pole ((-0.081±0.115)×10 -8vs. (0.054±0.190)×10 -8; t=-2.417, P=0.022) in CAS-MCI group compared to CAS group. The susceptibility value of the frontal pole showed a positive correlation with the right CAS grade ( r=0.424, P=0.009),while a quasi-significant positive correlation with the left CAS ( r=0.313, P=0.070). The susceptibility values of the frontal and temporal poles were negatively correlated with the MoCA score (frontal pole: r=-0.391, P=0.027; temporal pole: r=-0.410, P=0.020). Mediation analysis showed the effect of right CAS on cognition was fully mediated by the susceptibility value of the frontal pole. The ROC curve revealed that the area under the curve of using hypertension combined with the susceptibility value of the frontal pole to predict cognitive decline was 0.882 (95% CI:0.763 to 0.989) with 82% of sensitivity and 83% of specificity. Conclusions:Multiple cortical regions show iron deposition in CAS-MCI patients. Right CAS plays an important role in cognitive decline, frontal pole iron deposition mediates the effect of right CAS on cognitive function. Quantified frontal pole susceptibility is useful for the diagnosis of cognitive decline in patients with CAS.

Purpose: The prevalence of multi-morbidities with colorectal cancer (CRC) is known to be increasing. Particularly prognosis of CRC patients co-diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) was largely unknown. We aimed to examine the death risk of CRC patients according to the multiple MetSyn morbidities. Materials and Methods: We identified CRC patients with MetSyn from the electronic medical records (EMR) systems in five independent hospitals during 2006-2011. Information on deaths was jointly retrieved from EMR, cause of death registry and chronic disease surveillance as well as study-specific questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate the overall and CRC-specific hazards ratios (HR) comparing MetSyn CRC cohort with reference CRC cohort. Results: A total of 682 CRC patients in MetSyn CRC cohort were identified from 24 months before CRC diagnosis to 1 month after. During a median follow-up of 92 months, we totally observed 584 deaths from CRC, 245 being in MetSyn cohort and 339 in reference cohort. Overall, MetSyn CRC cohort had an elevated risk of CRC-specific mortality (HR, 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07 to 1.90) and overall mortality (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.84) compared to reference cohort after multiple adjustment. Stratified analyses showed higher mortality risk among women (HR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.27) and specific components of MetSyn. Notably, the number of MetSyn components was observed to be significantly related to CRC prognosis. Conclusion Our findings supported that multi-morbidities of MetSyn associated with elevated death risk after CRC. MetSyn should be considered as an integrated medical condition more than its components in CRC prognostic management.

Objective:To investigate the present situation of unintended pregnancy within two years postpartum and its influencing factors in China.Methods:Participants who delivered a live birth at 60 hospitals in 15 provinces in the eastern, central and western regions of China during July 2015 to June 2016 were interviewed by using structured questionnaire. Information on occurrence of unintended pregnancy within 2 years after delivery, postpartum contraceptive use, sexual resumption, breastfeeding, and women′s socio-demographic characteristics, and so on, were collected. Life-table analysis, cluster log-rank tests and a 2-level Cox regression model were used for data analysis.Results:A total of 18 045 postpartum women were investigated. The cumulative 1- and 2-year unintended pregnancy rates after delivery were 5.3% (95% CI: 4.5%－6.1%) and 13.1% (95% CI: 11.3%－14.8%), respectively. Cox regression model analysis showed that the risk of unintended pregnancy within 2 years postpartum were increased in younger women, ethnic minorities, women with abortion history, and those who had a vaginal delivery with short lactation time and late postpartum contraceptive initiation (all P<0.01). The risk of postpartum unintended pregnancy was not associated with geographic regions and hospitals where women gave a birth (all P>0.05). Conclusions:In China, the risk of unintended pregnancy within 2 years after delivery is relatively high. Service institutions and service providers should improve the quality of postpartum family planning services, promote the use of high effect contraceptive methods, and educate women to use a method at the time of their sexual resumption or even before.

Purpose: The prevalence of multi-morbidities with colorectal cancer (CRC) is known to be increasing. Particularly prognosis of CRC patients co-diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) was largely unknown. We aimed to examine the death risk of CRC patients according to the multiple MetSyn morbidities. Materials and Methods: We identified CRC patients with MetSyn from the electronic medical records (EMR) systems in five independent hospitals during 2006-2011. Information on deaths was jointly retrieved from EMR, cause of death registry and chronic disease surveillance as well as study-specific questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate the overall and CRC-specific hazards ratios (HR) comparing MetSyn CRC cohort with reference CRC cohort. Results: A total of 682 CRC patients in MetSyn CRC cohort were identified from 24 months before CRC diagnosis to 1 month after. During a median follow-up of 92 months, we totally observed 584 deaths from CRC, 245 being in MetSyn cohort and 339 in reference cohort. Overall, MetSyn CRC cohort had an elevated risk of CRC-specific mortality (HR, 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07 to 1.90) and overall mortality (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.84) compared to reference cohort after multiple adjustment. Stratified analyses showed higher mortality risk among women (HR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.27) and specific components of MetSyn. Notably, the number of MetSyn components was observed to be significantly related to CRC prognosis. Conclusion Our findings supported that multi-morbidities of MetSyn associated with elevated death risk after CRC. MetSyn should be considered as an integrated medical condition more than its components in CRC prognostic management.

The accumulation of various types of drug informatics data and computational approaches for drug repositioning can accelerate pharmaceutical research and development. How-ever, the integration of multi-dimensional drug data for precision repositioning remains a pressing challenge. Here, we propose a systematic framework named PIMD to predict drug therapeutic properties by integrating multi-dimensional data for drug repositioning. In PIMD, drug similarity networks (DSNs) based on chemical, pharmacological, and clinical data are fused into an integrated DSN (iDSN) composed of many clusters. Rather than simple fusion, PIMD offers a systematic way to annotate clusters. Unexpected drugs within clusters and drug pairs with a high iDSN similarity score are therefore identified to predict novel therapeutic uses. PIMD provides new insights into the universality, individuality, and complementarity of different drug properties by evaluating the con-tribution of each property data. To test the performance of PIMD, we use chemical, pharmacolog-ical, and clinical properties to generate an iDSN. Analyses of the contributions of each drug property indicate that this iDSN was driven by all data types and performs better than other DSNs. Within the top 20 recommended drug pairs, 7 drugs have been reported to be repurposed. The source code for PIMD is available at https://github.com/Sepstar/PIMD/.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically evaluate therapeutic efficacy and safety of pitavastatin comparison of atorvastatin in the treatment of primary hypedipemia in Chinese adults,and to provide evidence-based reference for clinic.METHODS:Retrieved from The Cochrane Library,PubMed,Chinese Journal Full-text Database,Wanfang database,and manually search Google Scholar,Baidu academic search engine,randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about pitavastatin (trial group) vs.atorvastatin (control group) in the treatment of primary hyperlipemia in Chinese adults were collected.After literature screening,data extraction,quality evaluation of included studies with modified Jadad scale,Meta-analysis of the levels of total cholesterol (TC),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),response rate and the incidence of ADR was conducted by using Rev Man 5.3 statistical software.RESULTS:A total of 5 RCTs were included,involving 456 patients.Results of Meta-analysis showed that the decrease of TC level [MD=0.09,95％CI(0.01,0.16),P=0.03] in trial group was more better than control group,while the increase of HDL-C level [MD=0.08,95％ CI (0.01,0.14),P=0.03] and the decrease of the TG level [MD=-0.13,95％ CI (-0.20,-0.06),P=0.000 4] in trial group were worse than control group,with statistical significance.There was no statistical difference in the decrease of LDL-C[MD=-0.01,95％ CI (-0.13,0.10),P=0.84],response rate [OR=0.75,95％CI (0.15,3.66),P=0.72] or the incidence of ADR [OR=0.68,95 ％ CI (0.44,1.05),P=0.08] between 2 groups.CONCLUSIONS:Pitavastatin has better therapeutic efficacy in decreasing TC,but its therapeutic efficacy in decreasing LDL-C is similar to that of atorvastatin;its therapeutic efficacy in decreasing TG and increasing HDL-C is worse than that of atorvastatin.The safety of them is equivalent.