The prescription of Qidong Yixin oral liquid is derived from the experience of national medical master Ren Jixue in treating viral myocarditis （VMC）. It has the functions of tonifying Qi， nourishing the heart，calming the mind， and relieving palpitations. It is used to treat VMC and angina pectoris of coronary heart disease caused by deficiency of both Qi and Yin. However，the understanding of its efficacy evidence， advantageous aspects， dosage and administration， and medication safety remains insufficient in clinical practice. Therefore，the development of the Expert Consensus on the Clinical Application of Qidong Yixin Oral Liquid （hereinafter referred to as consensus） was initiated. Consensus strictly followed the process and methods of the expert consensus on the clinical application of Chinese patent medicines of the China Association of Chinese Medicine，successively completing multiple tasks such as the consensus project initiation，determination of clinical problems，evidence search and evaluation，formation of recommendation opinions and consensus suggestions，solicitation of opinions，peer review， submission for review and release， and so on. Consensus formed a total of 10 recommendation opinions and 12 consensus suggestions，clarifying the clinical positioning，efficacy advantages，syndrome differentiation，dosage and administration，combination therapy，timing of medication，adverse reactions，contraindications， and precautions of Qidong Yixin oral liquid，indicating that it has good clinical advantages and safety in the treatment of VMC and angina pectoris of coronary heart disease，providing norms and references for physicians to safely and rationally apply Qidong Yixin oral liquid. Consensus was reviewed and approved for release by the Standardization Office of the China Association of Chinese Medicine on December 23， 2024. Standard number：GSCACM-376-2024.

Objective To identify candidate compounds that activate thermogenesis during cold exposure by integrating the Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures(LINCS)with RNA expression profiles specific to cold-induced thermogenesis.Methods Gene expression profiles of interscapular brown adipose tissue(BAT)and inguinal white adipose tissue(iWAT)were generated from 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice which were housed at 5 ℃ or room temperature(23 ℃)for 7 days.The gene expression signatures of the cold-induced BAT and iWAT were compared to the LINCS dataset to predict potential candidates for testing in a cold challenge model that was intended to assess thermogenesis activation.The pharmacological potential of the identified compounds was evaluated in a cold-exposed mouse model.The core body temperature and infrared thermal imaging were collected to monitor physiological responses during cold exposure.Additionally,hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining was used to assess morphological changes of fat cells of BAT,iWAT,and epididymal white adipose tissue(eWAT).Results The transcriptomic signatures related to cold-induced thermogenesis were obtained and the top 20 candidate compounds were identified by comparison with the LINCS dataset.Mice treated with withaferin A(WA)during the cold challenge exhibited elevated rectal temperatures and smaller adipocyte sizes compared to controls.Conclusion Our drug repurposing strategy,which connects transcriptional profiles with LINCS data,identifies potential compounds.WA enhances thermogenesis and metabolic activity in adipose tissue,which helps maintain body temperature,and improves cold tolerance during exposure to low temperatures.

Objective To explore factors affecting blood pressure control in chronic disease patients in China's na-tional basic public health service chronic disease patient management program and to find their relationships with Bayesian network(BN)model,in order to provide a scientific basis for comprehensive hypertension management.Methods 5 577 Hypertensive patients were selected from eight provinces(including autonomous regions)covering eastern,central and western parts of China during a survey from 2021 to 2022.Researchers collected individual and community-management data to screen influencing factors by Logistic regression,and to describe factor dependencies and to identify key determinants of blood pressure control with BN in.blood pressure control.Results Logistic regression revealed that urban/rural status,education,alcohol use,exercise,overweight/obesity and com-munity-doctor advice on salt reduction,smoking cessation were significantly associated with blood pressure control(P＜0.05).The BN model identified 22 directed edges showing that urban residence and good hypertension knowl-edge were more correlated with better control,while community-doctor management and services directly affected patient lifestyle habits but not blood pressure control.Conclusions Research should focus more on urban-rural dis-parities and hypertension education.Additionally,improving patient habits and community-doctor services is essen-tial for better blood pressure control.

Objective To construct a responsibility framework for attending physicians,clarify their roles and responsibilities in medical services,and thereby enhance hospital management efficiency and medical quality.Methods Based on the Balanced Scorecard theory,and fully considering the characteristics of different research materials,the Grounded Theory method was employed.Firstly,coding,analysis,and integration were conducted on research literature,implementation systems of the attending physician responsibility system in 4 hospitals,and semi-structured interview results of 15 medical staff from 3 hospitals.Separate analytical results from Grounded Theory for these 3 types of materials were obtained,which were then synthesized to construct the responsibility framework of the attending physician responsibility system.Results The responsibility scope of attending physicians was determined,clarifying that their responsibilities encompass 4 core areas:clinical practice,management,development,and patient services.This framework includes 12 original categories and 34 specific concepts.Conclusion ln addition to undertaking basic medical services,attending physicians should focus on leadership and management responsibilities,such as team guidance,resource allocation,and attention to sub-specialty development.The findings are conducive to clarifying the development direction of attending physicians,motivating their work enthusiasm,providing references for solving current pain points in physician management,and offering a solid basis for constructing a performance evaluation system for attending physicians.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of Fuzheng Yangxin Prescription in improving cardiac function in rats with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction(HFrEF)through regulation of AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.Methods An HFrEF rat model was established via left anterior descending coronary artery ligation.Rats were randomized divided into sham-operation group,model group,Fuzheng Yangxin Prescription group and Entresto group,followed by 28 days of intervention.Echocardiography was used to measure left ventricular internal dimension at end-systole(LVIDs),left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole(LVIDd),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular fractional shortening(LVFS),HE staining and Masson staining were used to observe myocardial morphology and fibrosis,serum contents of NT-proBNP and inflammatory factors(TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6)were detected by ELISA,Western blot was performed to analyze p-AMPK,p-mTOR and protein expressions of autophagy markers(Beclin1,LC3,p62).Results Compared with sham-operation group,the LVIDs and LVIDd in model group significantly increased(P<0.05),while LVEF and LVFS significantly decreased(P<0.05),the structure of myocardial cells was disordered and arranged loosely,the deposition of collagen fibers in the infarct area was increased,and the contents of NT-proBNP,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in serum significantly increased(P<0.05),the protein expressions of p-AMPK,Beclin1 and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ in myocardial tissue significantly decreased(P<0.05),while the protein expressions of p-mTOR and p62 significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with the model group,the LVIDs and LVIDd of rats in Fuzheng Yangxin Prescription group significantly decreased(P<0.05),the LVEF and LVFS were significantly increased(P<0.05),the disorder of myocardial cell arrangement and fibrosis were alleviated,the contents of NT-proBNP,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in serum significantly decreased(P<0.05),the protein expressions of p-AMPK,Beclin1 and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ in myocardial tissue significantly increased(P<0.05),while the protein expressions of p-mTOR and p62 significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion Fuzheng Yangxin Prescription may regulate autophagy by activating AMPK/mTOR pathway and improve cardiac function in HFrEF rats.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of Fuzheng Yangxin Prescription in improving cardiac function in rats with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction(HFrEF)through regulation of AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.Methods An HFrEF rat model was established via left anterior descending coronary artery ligation.Rats were randomized divided into sham-operation group,model group,Fuzheng Yangxin Prescription group and Entresto group,followed by 28 days of intervention.Echocardiography was used to measure left ventricular internal dimension at end-systole(LVIDs),left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole(LVIDd),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular fractional shortening(LVFS),HE staining and Masson staining were used to observe myocardial morphology and fibrosis,serum contents of NT-proBNP and inflammatory factors(TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6)were detected by ELISA,Western blot was performed to analyze p-AMPK,p-mTOR and protein expressions of autophagy markers(Beclin1,LC3,p62).Results Compared with sham-operation group,the LVIDs and LVIDd in model group significantly increased(P<0.05),while LVEF and LVFS significantly decreased(P<0.05),the structure of myocardial cells was disordered and arranged loosely,the deposition of collagen fibers in the infarct area was increased,and the contents of NT-proBNP,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in serum significantly increased(P<0.05),the protein expressions of p-AMPK,Beclin1 and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ in myocardial tissue significantly decreased(P<0.05),while the protein expressions of p-mTOR and p62 significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with the model group,the LVIDs and LVIDd of rats in Fuzheng Yangxin Prescription group significantly decreased(P<0.05),the LVEF and LVFS were significantly increased(P<0.05),the disorder of myocardial cell arrangement and fibrosis were alleviated,the contents of NT-proBNP,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in serum significantly decreased(P<0.05),the protein expressions of p-AMPK,Beclin1 and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ in myocardial tissue significantly increased(P<0.05),while the protein expressions of p-mTOR and p62 significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion Fuzheng Yangxin Prescription may regulate autophagy by activating AMPK/mTOR pathway and improve cardiac function in HFrEF rats.

Objective To construct a responsibility framework for attending physicians,clarify their roles and responsibilities in medical services,and thereby enhance hospital management efficiency and medical quality.Methods Based on the Balanced Scorecard theory,and fully considering the characteristics of different research materials,the Grounded Theory method was employed.Firstly,coding,analysis,and integration were conducted on research literature,implementation systems of the attending physician responsibility system in 4 hospitals,and semi-structured interview results of 15 medical staff from 3 hospitals.Separate analytical results from Grounded Theory for these 3 types of materials were obtained,which were then synthesized to construct the responsibility framework of the attending physician responsibility system.Results The responsibility scope of attending physicians was determined,clarifying that their responsibilities encompass 4 core areas:clinical practice,management,development,and patient services.This framework includes 12 original categories and 34 specific concepts.Conclusion ln addition to undertaking basic medical services,attending physicians should focus on leadership and management responsibilities,such as team guidance,resource allocation,and attention to sub-specialty development.The findings are conducive to clarifying the development direction of attending physicians,motivating their work enthusiasm,providing references for solving current pain points in physician management,and offering a solid basis for constructing a performance evaluation system for attending physicians.

Objective:Using atenolol as a model drug,the aim of this study was to develop a sustained and controlled transdermal drug delivery system(TDDS)based on polyethyleneimine-modified MoS2 nanoparticles(PEI-MoS2 NPs)that were responsive to near infrared(NIR)laser irradiation.Methods:The three-dimensional flower-like PEI-MoS2 NPs were successfully synthesized and further characterized by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction measurements,scanning electron microscopy,and transmission electron microscopy.The controlled release capacity of PEI-MoS2 NPs was examined using in vitro drug release and skin penetration experiments.Results:The PEI-MoS2 NPs exhibited a drug loading efficiency of 53.86% and high photothermal conversion ability.Moreover,the release of atenolol was enhanced by NIR stimulation with an enhancement ratio of 1.56.Conclusion:NIR-controlled PEI-MoS2 NPs was essential for the control and sustained release of drugs in TDDS.

Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder that often co-occurs with weight gain issues,which impacts medication adherence and symptom recovery in patients,and increases the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.However,the specific mechanism of weight gain in the patients with schizophrenia remains incompletely understood.Potential factors include increased appetite and abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism due to the effects of antipsychotic drugs on multiple neurotransmitter receptors,shared pathogenesis between schizophrenia and obesity,and unhealthy dietary preferences and lifestyles among the patients with schizophrenia.In recent years,the progress in non-pharmacological interventions in the treatment of weight gain in schizophrenia has been continuously updated,which mainly includes lifestyle interventions,bariatric surgery and neuromodulation technology.Lifestyle interventions include diet,exercises and cognition,and the effectiveness of comprehensive lifestyle intervention models and compliance of patients have become the mainstream of research.Bariatric surgery has a weight loss effect on obese patients with schizophrenia who meet the surgical indications,but the total number of reported cases is still small,and further exploration of perioperative symptom management is needed.In neuromodulation technologies,repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)appears to be promising in the treatment of weight gain in the patients with schizophrenia.The aim of this article is to provide more diversified clinical strategies for the treatment of weight gain in schizophrenia.

ObjectiveTo explore the formulation rules for the treatment of heart pain in the Medical Heart Enlightenment （《医学心悟》） from the perspective of the "Tangye Jingfa Tu"， thereby providing a way of thinking about the treatment of heart pain in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and the study of the Medical Heart Enlightenment. MethodThe "Tangye Jingfa Tu" contained in the Secrets for Auxiliary Cultivation Life： The Essential Method of Using Herbal Medicine for the Differential Treatment of the Five Zang Organs （《辅行诀五脏用药法要》） was used to analyze the nine prescriptions for heart pain in Volume Ⅲ of the Medical Heart Enlightenment by CHENG Guopeng in the Qing dynasty. A "table for analyzing the formulation of the nine prescriptions for heart pain" was developed. The analysis diagrams for decoction and meridian rules in nine prescriptions for heart pain were plotted and the compatible structure of the medicinal flavors was analyzed. ResultThe composition of Chenxiang Jiangqisan for the treatment of Qi-induced heart pain is "five pungent， four bitter， and two sweet drugs"， the composition of Shouniansan for the treatment of blood-induced heart pain is "five bitter， four pungent， three sweet， and one salty drugs"， the composition of Qingzhongtang for the treatment of heat-induced heart pain is "six bitter， three pungent， and two sweet drugs”， the composition of Jiangfutang with Cinnamomi Cortex for cold-induced heart pain is "three pungent and two sweet drugs"， the composition of Xiaobanxia modified with Fuling Tang for treating fluid retention-induced heart pain is "two pungent and two sweet drugs"， the composition of Baohetang for treating heart pain due to dietary stagnation is "five sweet， four pungent， four bitter， and one sour drugs"， the composition of Guipitang for the treatment of deficiency-induced heart pain is "eight sweet， four bitter， three pungent， and one sour drugs"， the combination of Huachongwan for the treatment of worm-induced heart pain is "seven bitter， six pungent， and four sweet drugs"， the composition of Shenzhusan， Congbaijiu， and Shengjiangtang for the treatment of resistance-induced heart pain is "eight pungent， four bitter， and two sweet drugs". ConclusionFrom the perspective of the "Tangye Jingfa Tu"， the Medical Heart Enlightenment is based on the compatibility principle of "pungent-bitter-sweet drugs" in the treatment of heart pain， with heart deficiency treated with salty drugs for tonifying， or bitter-sweet-salty drugs， and heart excess treated with bitter drugs for purging， or sweet-pungent-bitter drugs， mostly applying the transformation rules of five medicinal flavors， i.e.， "sweet-pungent-bitter drugs" and promoting the action of the pungent and sweet drugs acting on the spleen into the heart to relieve and purge the heart. In most cases， the treatment focuses on harmonizing the heart， liver， spleen， and kidneys， with an emphasis on the mother-child relationship and the application of the principles of the five elements generating and controlling each other. If the progression of the disease involves both the mother and child organs， the formulation should adhere to the compatibility rule of "the child organ makes the mother organ excess and the mother organ makes the child organ deficient".