Early correction of childhood malocclusion is timely managing morphological, structural, and functional abnormalities at different dentomaxillofacial developmental stages. The selection of appropriate imaging examination and comprehensive radiological diagnosis and analysis play an important role in early correction of childhood malocclusion. This expert consensus is a collaborative effort by multidisciplinary experts in dentistry across the nation based on the current clinical evidence, aiming to provide general guidance on appropriate imaging examination selection, comprehensive and accurate imaging assessment for early orthodontic treatment patients.
Humans ; Malocclusion/diagnostic imaging* ; Child ; Consensus

Radiochemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (OM) is a common oral complication in patients with tumors following head and neck radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Erosion and ulcers are the main features of OM that seriously affect the quality of life of patients and even the progress of tumor treatment. To date, differences in clinical prevention and treatment plans for OM have been noted among doctors of various specialties, which has increased the uncertainty of treatment effects. On the basis of current research evidence, this expert consensus outlines risk factors, clinical manifestations, clinical grading, ancillary examinations, diagnostic basis, prevention and treatment strategies and efficacy indicators for OM. In addition to strategies such as basic oral care, anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents, anti-infective agents, pro-healing agents, and photobiotherapy recommended in previous guidelines, we also emphasize the role of traditional Chinese medicine in OM prevention and treatment. This expert consensus aims to provide references and guidance for dental physicians and oncologists in formulating strategies for OM prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, standardizing clinical practice, reducing OM occurrence, promoting healing, and improving the quality of life of patients.
Humans ; Chemoradiotherapy/adverse effects* ; Consensus ; Risk Factors ; Stomatitis/etiology*

Nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF), predominantly affecting the elderly, can lead to intractable pain, vertebral collapse, progressive kyphotic deformity, and neurological impairment, significantly compromising patients′ quality of life. There exists considerable debate on diagnosis and management of OVF, encompassing key issues such as clinical diagnosis and staging criteria for nonunion, surgical indications and procedure selection, and postoperative rehabilitation planning. Currently, there lacks standardized clinical guideline and expert consensus on the diagnosis and management of OVF nonunion in China. To address this gap, Minimally Invasive Surgery Group of Chinese Orthopedic Association, Osteoporosis Committee of Chinese Association of Orthopedic Surgeons, Prevention and Rehabilitation Committee for Osteoporosis of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine and Minimally Invasive Orthopedic Surgery Branch of China Association for Geriatric Care jointly organized domestic experts in spinal surgery, endocrinology, and rehabilitation to formulate the Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment for nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures ( version 2025), based on existing literature and clinical experience and adhering to principles of scientific rigor and practicality. The guideline provided 13 evidence-based recommendations encompassing diagnosis and treatment of OVF nonunion, aiming to standardize its clinical management.

Objective To investigate the association between serum C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 14(CXCL14)level and carotid atherosclerotic plaques(CAP)in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A total of 262 patients with T2DM(T2DM group)and 131 healthy individuals(control group)who underwent physical examinations in Ganzhou Municipal Hospital from January 2022 to February 2025 were selected at a ratio of 2∶1.T2DM patients were further divided into CAP group(112 cases)and non-CAP group(150 cases)based on the presence or absence of CAP.Serum CXCL14 level was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The correlation between serum CXCL14 level and clinical characteristics in CAP patients was analyzed.The association between serum CXCL14 level and CAP in T2DM patients was assessed using multivariate Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline(RCS)regression.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive value of serum CXCL14 level for CAP in T2DM patients.Results The serum CXCL14 level of patients in T2DM group was significantly higher than that in control group(P＜0.05).The age of patients in CAP group was significantly older than that in non-CAP group,and the course of diabetes mellitus was significantly longer than that in non-CAP group.The proportions of hypertension,fasting plasma glucose,fasting insulin,2-hour plasma glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,hypersensitive C-reaction protein,interleukin-6,and CXCL14 level were all significantly higher than those in non-CAP group(P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for general information,glycolipid metabolism indicators,and inflammatory indicators,higher CXCL14 level was an independent risk factor for CAP in patients with T2DM(P＜0.05).RCS regression analysis showed that after adjusting for general information,glycolipid metabolism indicators,and inflammatory indicators,the CXCL14 level was associated with the risk of CAP in T2DM patients,and presented a positive dose-response relationship(P＜0.05).The ROC curve showed that area under the curve of serum CXCL14 for evaluating CAP in T2DM patients was 0.772,and the sensitivity and specificity were 58.9％and 82.0％,respectively.Conclusion Elevated serum CXCL14 level is positively associated with an increased risk of CAP in patients with T2DM and has a high assessment efficiency for CAP in T2DM patients.

Objective To investigate the association between serum C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 14(CXCL14)level and carotid atherosclerotic plaques(CAP)in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A total of 262 patients with T2DM(T2DM group)and 131 healthy individuals(control group)who underwent physical examinations in Ganzhou Municipal Hospital from January 2022 to February 2025 were selected at a ratio of 2∶1.T2DM patients were further divided into CAP group(112 cases)and non-CAP group(150 cases)based on the presence or absence of CAP.Serum CXCL14 level was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The correlation between serum CXCL14 level and clinical characteristics in CAP patients was analyzed.The association between serum CXCL14 level and CAP in T2DM patients was assessed using multivariate Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline(RCS)regression.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive value of serum CXCL14 level for CAP in T2DM patients.Results The serum CXCL14 level of patients in T2DM group was significantly higher than that in control group(P＜0.05).The age of patients in CAP group was significantly older than that in non-CAP group,and the course of diabetes mellitus was significantly longer than that in non-CAP group.The proportions of hypertension,fasting plasma glucose,fasting insulin,2-hour plasma glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,hypersensitive C-reaction protein,interleukin-6,and CXCL14 level were all significantly higher than those in non-CAP group(P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for general information,glycolipid metabolism indicators,and inflammatory indicators,higher CXCL14 level was an independent risk factor for CAP in patients with T2DM(P＜0.05).RCS regression analysis showed that after adjusting for general information,glycolipid metabolism indicators,and inflammatory indicators,the CXCL14 level was associated with the risk of CAP in T2DM patients,and presented a positive dose-response relationship(P＜0.05).The ROC curve showed that area under the curve of serum CXCL14 for evaluating CAP in T2DM patients was 0.772,and the sensitivity and specificity were 58.9％and 82.0％,respectively.Conclusion Elevated serum CXCL14 level is positively associated with an increased risk of CAP in patients with T2DM and has a high assessment efficiency for CAP in T2DM patients.

Nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF), predominantly affecting the elderly, can lead to intractable pain, vertebral collapse, progressive kyphotic deformity, and neurological impairment, significantly compromising patients′ quality of life. There exists considerable debate on diagnosis and management of OVF, encompassing key issues such as clinical diagnosis and staging criteria for nonunion, surgical indications and procedure selection, and postoperative rehabilitation planning. Currently, there lacks standardized clinical guideline and expert consensus on the diagnosis and management of OVF nonunion in China. To address this gap, Minimally Invasive Surgery Group of Chinese Orthopedic Association, Osteoporosis Committee of Chinese Association of Orthopedic Surgeons, Prevention and Rehabilitation Committee for Osteoporosis of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine and Minimally Invasive Orthopedic Surgery Branch of China Association for Geriatric Care jointly organized domestic experts in spinal surgery, endocrinology, and rehabilitation to formulate the Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment for nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures ( version 2025), based on existing literature and clinical experience and adhering to principles of scientific rigor and practicality. The guideline provided 13 evidence-based recommendations encompassing diagnosis and treatment of OVF nonunion, aiming to standardize its clinical management.

Objective:To explore the application value of PAX1/JAM3 methylation detection by cervical self-collected specimen in cervical cancer screening and the management of premenopausal and postmenopausal women.Method:This study is a single center cross-sectional study. From January 2023 to November 2023, cervical self-collected and physician-collected specimens at the colposcopy clinic were detected the PAX1/JAM3 methylation (PAX1 m/JAM3 m) testing. The consistency between self-collected and physician-collected specimens for PAX1 m/JAM3 m detection were compared based on histopathology. In addition, the clinical efficacy of methylation detection with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV), liquid-based cytology (LBC), and their combination for cervical cancer screening were compared in the study. Results:A total of 301 women were recruited to undergo referral colposcopy examination, and statistical analysis was conducted on 272 women with pathological and diagnostic information. Among them, 102 cases (37.5%) were diagnosed as normal cervical tissue or chronic cervicitis, 72 cases (26.4%) were cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CIN1), 43 cases (15.8%) were CIN2, 29 cases (10.7%) were CIN3, and 26 cases (9.6%) were cervical cancer. According to the minimum quantity formula, they were divided into a consistency cohort of 81 participants and a validation cohort of 191 participants. The consistency between cervical self-collected and physician-collected specimens for detecting PAX1 m/JAM3 m. Results from spearman correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the self-collected and physician-collected results of PAX1 m/JAM3 m detection, and the correlation coefficient R values are 0.858 ( P<0.001) and 0.828 ( P<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of PAX1 m/JAM3 m detection for diagnosing CIN2 or more severe lesions (CIN2+) were 77.6% [95% confidence interval ( CI) 65.3%-86.4%] and 87.2% (95% CI 80.5%-91.9%), respectively. In clinical performance comparison, the sensitivity of PAX1 m/JAM3 m combined with HPV16/18 detection, 89.7% (95% CI 79.2%-95.2%), was the same as that of hrHPV detection in CIN2+and 96.0% (95% CI 80.4%-99.3%) in CIN3+, which is higher than 92.0% (95% CI 75.0%-97.8%) of hrHPV and 82.6% (95% CI 62.9%-93.0%) of LBC or the combination of sPAX1 m/JAM3 m and LBC low-grade and higher squamous intraepithelial lesion testing [87.0% (95% CI 67.9%-95.5%)]. Conclusions:Self-collected specimens by women for detection of PAX1 and JAM3 methylation as a promising screening tool for cervical cancer has operational and clinical feasibility. The methylation test can optimize the current cervical cancer screening plan, reduce the number of referral women with false positive diagnosis to colposcopy, and is of great significance for reducing fertility protection and preventing missed diagnosis in women of childbearing age.

Papaya, which is mainly cultivated in the southeastern region of China, is one of the four famous fruits in Lingnan. It is favored by people because of its edible and medicinal value. Fructose-6-phosphate, 2-kinase/fructose-2, 6-bisphosphatase (F2KP) is a unique bifunctional enzyme with a kinase domain and an esterase domain that catalyzes the synthesis and degradation of fructose-2, 6-bisphosphate (Fru-2, 6-P₂), an important regulator of glucose metabolism in organisms. In order to study the function of the gene CpF2KP encoding the enzyme in papaya, it is particularly important to obtain the target protein. In this study, the coding sequence (CDS) of CpF2KP, with a full-length of 2 274 bp, was got from the papaya genome. The amplified sequence of full-length CDS was cloned into the vector PGEX-4T-1 which was double digested with EcoR I and BamH I. The amplified sequence was constructed into a prokaryotic expression vector by genetic recombination. After exploring the induction conditions, the results of SDS-PAGE showed that the size of the recombinant GST-CpF2KP protein was about 110 kDa. The optimum IPTG concentration and temperature for CpF2KP induction were 0.5 mmol/L and 28 ℃, respectively. The purified sin[A1] gle target protein was obtained after purifying the induced CpF2KP protein. In addition, the expression level of this gene was detected in different tissues, and showed that the gene was expressed at the highest level in seeds and the lowest in pulp. This study provides an important basis for further revealing the function of CpF2KP protein and studying the involved biological processes of this gene in papaya.
Humans ; Carica/genetics* ; Recombinant Proteins ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; China

The complexity of oral ulcerations poses considerable diagnostic and therapeutic challenges to oral specialists. The expert consensus was conducted to summarize the diagnostic work-up for difficult and complicated oral ulcers, based on factors such as detailed clinical medical history inquiry, histopathological examination, and ulceration-related systemic diseases screening. Not only it can provide a standardized procedure of oral ulceration, but also it can improve the diagnostic efficiency, in order to avoid misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.
Consensus ; Humans ; Oral Ulcer/therapy*

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) can lead to lower back pain and may be even accompanied by scoliosis, neurological dysfunction and other complications, which will affect the daily activities and life quality of patients. Vertebral augmentation is an effective treatment method for OVCF, but it cannot correct unbalance of bone metabolism or improve the osteoporotic status, causing complications like lower back pain, limited spinal activities and vertebral refracture. The post-operative systematic and standardized rehabilitation treatments can improve curative effect and therapeutic efficacy of anti-osteoporosis, reduce risk of vertebral refracture, increase patient compliance and improve quality of life. Since there still lack relevant clinical treatment guidelines for postoperative rehabilitation treatments following vertebral augmentation for OVCF, the current treatments are varied with uneven therapeutic effect. In order to standardize the postoperative rehabilitation treatment, the Spine Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized relevant experts to refer to relevant literature and develop the "Guideline for postoperative rehabilitation treatment following vertebral augmentation for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (2022 version)" based on the clinical guidelines published by the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) as well as on the principles of scientificity, practicality and advancement. The guideline provided evidence-based recommendations on 10 important issues related to postoperative rehabilitation treatments of OVCF.