Objective To analyze the characteristics of viral hepatitis mortality and life loss among residents in Pudong New Area from 2003 to 2023, and to provide a basis for related prevention and control work. Methods Viral hepatitis mortality data were obtained from the Pudong New Area mortality monitoring system. The crude mortality rate (CMR), standardized mortality rate (SMR), potential years of life lost (PYLL), average years of life lost (AYLL), and standardized potential years of life lost (SPYLL) were calculated to analyze viral hepatitis deaths. The average annual change (AAPC) and annual percentage change (APC) of the mortality rate were calculated by Joinpoint regression analysis to analyze the trend of mortality. Results The CMR and SMR of viral hepatitis among residents in Pudong New Area from 2003 to 2023 were 3.89/100000 and 1.98/100000, respectively. Both CMR and SMR of viral hepatitis showed a decreasing trend over time (CMR:APC=-5.476, t=-13.581, P<0.001; SMR:APC=- 7.624, t= -21.253, P<0.001). The CMR for males was 4.75/100000 and the SMR for males was 2.65/100000; the CMR for females was 3.04/100000 and the SMR for females was 1.32/100000, with a higher mortality rate for males than for females（Z_CME=12.094，P<0.001; Z_SMR=-14.718，P<0.001). Deaths were concentrated in the age groups of 45-64 years old and 65 years old and above, accounting for 91.62% of the total deaths. The PYLL of deaths due to viral hepatitis among residents in Pudong New Area from 2003 to 2023 was 26912 person-years, with a PYLLR of 0.45% and an AYLL of 8.88 years per person. Conclusion The mortality rate of viral hepatitis among the residents of Pudong New Area in 2003-2023 shows a decreasing trend over time. The mortality rate of males is higher than that of females, and the deaths of middle-aged and elderly people account for a large proportion of the total deaths. Chronic hepatitis B is the main cause of death.

OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization （TACE） combined with anti-angiogenic drugs for the treatment of unresectable primary liver cancer （PLC）. METHODS Retrieved from Chinese and English databases such as CNKI， the Cochrane Library， Google， and Baidu Academic， randomized controlled trial （RCT） about TACE combined with anti-angiogenic drugs for the treatment of unresectable PLC were collected from the inception to May 27， 2024. After screening the literature， extracting data， and evaluating the quality of the literature， network meta-analysis was performed using R 4.2.2 and Stata 17.0. RESULTS A total of 44 RCT were included， involving 5 607 patients and 8 interventions. The network meta-analysis results showed that for prolonging median overall survival （mOS） and median progression- free survival （mPFS）， TACE+apatinib had the best efficacy， with TACE+apatinib and TACE+sorafenib ranking as the top two. For improving objective response rate （ORR） and disease control rate （DCR）， TACE+donafenib had the best efficacy， with TACE+ donafenib and TACE+ lenvatinib ranking as the top two. In terms of safety， TACE+donafenib was the best， with TACE+donafenib and TACE+apatinib ranking as the top two. CONCLUSIONS TACE+apatinib and TACE+donafenib have good efficacy for patients with unresectable PLC， and TACE+donafenib has the best safety profile.

【Objective】 To understand the prevalence of overweight/obesity among school-age children in Pudong New Area of Shanghai, and to explore the influence of gestational weight gain and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) on weight status of school-age children. 【Methods】 From November to December 2020,a stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to select first-grade students from 13 primary schools in Pudong New Area of Shanghai.After matching with the birth monitoring database, 755 students with complete birth information were selected as the study subjects.The relevant information of mothers before and during pregnancy was retrospectively collected, and the effects of pregnancy weight gain combined with pre-pregnancy BMI on overweight/obesity in school-age children were analyzed. 【Results】 1) The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity of first-grade children were 15.89% and 18.41%, respectively.2) Maternal excessive weight gain during pregnancy (OR=1.678) and overweight/obesity before pregnancy (OR=2.315,2.412) were risk factors for overweight/obesity of the offspring at school age(P<0.05).3) For mothers who were underweight before pregnancy, excessive weight gain during pregnancy was associated with overweight/obesity in school-age children in their offspring (OR=7.436, 95%CI: 1.489 - 37.143,P<0.05).4) Excessive weight gain during pregnancy combined with overweight/obesity before pregnancy significantly increased the risk of overweight/obesity in offspring (OR=3.606, 95%CI: 2.030 - 6.405, P<0.05). Mothers who gained a moderate amount of weight during pregnancy and were emaciated before pregnancy had a significantly lower risk of overweight/obesity in their school-age children (OR=0.217, 95%CI: 0.049 - 0.967, P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Excessive weight gain during pregnancy increases the risk of overweight/obesity in school-age children in their offspring, strengthening pregnancy health education and perinatal care to help pregnant women maintain appropriate weight gain during pregnancy may be an important and novel strategy to prevent childhood obesity.

BACKGROUND:Nanocomposite hydrogel has great research prospects and application potential in the treatment of osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress of nanocomposite hydrogel in osteoarthritis and cartilage repair. METHODS:Databases such as CNKI and PubMed were searched.The English key words were"nanocomposite hydrogel,nanogel,osteoarthritis,cartage,physical encapsulation,electrostatic interaction,covalent crosslinking",and the Chinese key words were"nanocomposite hydrogel,nanogel,osteoarthritis,cartage,physical encapsulation,physical encapsulation,electrostatic effect,covalent cross-linking".After an initial screening of all articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,71 articles with high correlation were retained for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In cell or animal experiments,nanocomposite hydrogel has the effect of improving osteoarthritis.Nanocomposite hydrogel can promote cartilage repair,improve the internal environment of osteoarthritis,and achieve the therapeutic purpose of osteoarthritis by improving the mechanical environment between joints,carrying targeted drugs,and promoting the chondrogenesis of seed cells.At present,the research of nanocomposite hydrogel in osteoarthritis disease still has a huge space to play.It is expected to open up a new way for the clinical treatment of osteoarthritis by continuing to deepen the research of material preparation and actively carrying out cell and animal experiments.

Ferroptosis is a kind of programmed cell death, involves multi-molecular and multi-signaling pathways, and the core processes is iron overload and lipid peroxidation. It affects cancer, neurological disease, cardiovascular disease, digestive system disease, and many other diseases. While, ischemia-reperfusion injury is an extremely complex pathological process, including ischemia-reperfusion injury of the heart, brain, liver and kidney, etc., which often occurs in shock, organ surgery and organ transplantation, seriously affecting human health, and there is no effective radical treatment. However, ferroptosis is closely related to ischemia-reperfusion injury so that it is possible to find the prevention and treatment measures of ischemia-reperfusion injury by exploring the internal relationship between them. Therefore, the author tries to summarize the signaling pathways of ferroptosis, and explores the relationship between ferroptosis and ischemia-reperfusion injury of heart, brain, liver and kidney by moderating the ferroptosis targets properly to find the effective ways to treat cancer, improve inflammation and relieve other diseases.

Chronic hepatitis B （CHB） is still a malignant infectious disease that seriously threatens human health， and currently nucleos（t）ide analogues and interferon are the main treatment methods for CHB， but they cannot achieve functional cure. The development and progression of CHB are closely associated with immune function dysregulation in the host， and therefore， regulating host immunity has become a key link in the treatment of CHB. Recent studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine exerts a therapeutic effect on CHB by regulating host immune function. This article introduces the relationship between traditional Chinese medicine theory and immunity and summarizes the theoretical basis and related studies for traditional Chinese medicine in the immune regulation of CHB， in order to provide new ideas for integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy for CHB.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of bronchiectasis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Suining area, and to provide theoretical basis for COPD prevention and treatment of bronchiectasis. Methods A total of 582 patients with ACUTE exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) admitted to grade A Hospitals in Suining area from 2019 to 2020 were selected as the investigation objects. According to whether the patients had bronchiectasis, they were divided into control group (without bronchiectasis, n=485) and observation group (with bronchiectasis, n=97). The risk factors of bronchiectasis in COPD patients were analyzed by univariate analysis and logistic regression. The clinical data of the two groups were compared, including age, sex, whether there were other diseases, respiratory tract infection, proportion of purpuric sputum, colonization rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results Of 16.84% (49/291) AECOPD patients occurred Bronchiectasis. The colonization rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). The values of FVC and FEV1/FVC in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05). The levels of serum CRP and PCT in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Male (OR=2.515), high proportion of GOLD grade III/IV (OR=3.654), smoking (OR=3.472), diabetes (OR=3.829) and bacterial infection (OR=4.159) were independent risk factors for bronchiectasis in COPD patients (P<0.05). Conclusion COPD patients in Suining area have a high risk of bronchiectasis.The lung function was declined significantly.It has a high colonization rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Patients who are male, have a high proportion of GOLD class III/IV, smoke, have diabetes, and have bacterial infections should be given interventions that can reduce the risk of bronchiectasis in COPD patients.

Objective:To explore the effect of diclofenac sodium suppository combined with tramadol sustained-release tablets on postoperative pain relief and recovery in patients with mixed hemorrhoids.Methods:Sixty patients with mixed hemorrhoids who underwent external dissection and internal ligation at the Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Proctology Hospital from September to October 2023 were selected and randomly divided into A group and AS group using a random number table method, with 30 patients in each group. The group A patients received oral tramadol sustained-release tablets 4 hours after surgery, while the group AS received diclofenac sodium suppositories for anal canal therapy in addition to the group A. Two groups were compared for postoperative pain [Visual Analog Scale (VAS)] and patient comfort [Numerical Rating Scale (NRS)], cumulative tramadol consumption, supplementary rescue pethidine needs, and adverse reactions at 4, 8, 24, and 48 hours.Resultsl:The VAS of the AS group were lower than those of the A group at 4, 8, 24, and 48 hours after surgery. The NRS scores of the group A patients at 4, 8, and 24 hours were significantly better than those of the group AS. The cumulative consumption of tramadol in the AS group at 4, 8, 24, and 48 hours after surgery was significantly lower than that in the A group; The demand rate for postoperative rescue of pethidine in the group A was significantly higher than that in the group AS. The incidence of nausea in the group A was significantly higher than that in the group AS.Conclusions:The combination of postoperative diclofenac sodium suppositories and oral tramadol sustained-release tablets for mixed hemorrhoid surgery has a significant improvement effect on pain. It can reduce the dosage of tramadol, reduce the need for rescue and supplementary analgesia, and have fewer adverse reactions.

Malnutrition in liver cirrhosis is associated with ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, infection, and other complications even death. To date, the hazard and disease burden of malnutrition in cirrhosis patients have been severely underestimated. This review summarized the most recent advancement in the field and discussed the techniques and methodologies in detection and evaluation of malnutrition in cirrhosis patients, nutritional support therapy, and future research directions and clinical care of the patients.

Objective To analyze the relationship between follow-up service, personal characteristics, lifestyle and blood sugar management of diabetic patients in Gansu Province, and put forward scientific suggestions on influencing blood sugar management of diabetic patients. Methods Based on the data of the 6th National Health Service Questionnaire, 273 subjects were included. Chi-square test and unconditional logistic regression were used to analyze the blood glucose control and its influencing factors of diabetic patients. Results A total of 39.56% patients' blood sugar status was well controlled. 76.92% patients signed up for family doctor service, and 77.66% patients took hypoglycemic drugs according to the law of doctor's advice. There were significant differences in blood sugar control among patients in different regions, educational levels and occupational types (P <0.05) , logistic regression analysis showed that Hui patients (OR=0.21), doctors without family contract (OR=2.86) and patients taking hypoglycemic drugs intermittently (OR = 6.58). Conclusion The blood sugar control rate of diabetic patients in Gansu is low, and the nationality, contracted family doctors and medication plan affect the blood sugar control level of patients. In order to ensure the high efficiency of follow-up treatment, the related follow-up services provided by primary medical institutions, it is necessary to provide self-management programs that meet the individual characteristics and meet the needs of the disease.