Dent disease is a rare X-linked recessive renal tubular disease characterized by low molecular weight proteinuria，hypercalcemia and nephrocalcinosis. It is also a major cause of tubular proteinuria in children. According to different causative genes，Dent disease can be divided into three types：type 1 is caused by mutations in the CLCN5 gene，accounting for about 60%-70%；type 2 is caused by mutations in the OCRL gene，accounting for about 15%-20%；type 3 has a similar clinical phenotype but no known pathogenic gene mutations. CLCN5 encodes the voltage-dependent 2Cl -/1H +exchange channel CIC-5，which is involved in proximal renal tubule endocytosis. Its mutations can cause a variety of proximal tubular dysfunction symptoms，mainly including low molecular weight proteinuria. The use of gene detection technology has resulted in an increase in reports on Dent disease year after year. At present，the specific mechanism underlying Dent disease remains unknown. This article reviews the research progress of CLCN5，hoping to provide new insight for the mechanism research of CLCN5 and the specific treatment of Dent disease type 1.

OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress and challenges of poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) membrane in preventing tendon adhesion. METHODS: The relevant literature at home and abroad in recent years was extensively searched, covering the mechanism of tendon adhesion formation, the adaptation challenge and balancing strategy of PLLA, the physicochemical modification of PLLA anti-adhesion membrane and its application in tendon anti-adhesion. In this paper, the research progress and modification strategies of PLLA membranes were systematically reviewed from the three dimensions of tissue adaptation, mechanical adaptation, and degradation adaptation. RESULTS: The three-dimensional adaptation of PLLA membrane is optimized by combining materials (such as hydroxyapatite, polycaprolactone), structural design (multilayer/gradient membrane), and drug loading (anti-inflammatory drug). The balance between anti-adhesion and pro-healing is achieved, the mechanical adaptation significantly improve, and degradation is achieved (targeting the degradation cycle to 2-4 weeks to cover the tendon repair period). CONCLUSION In the future, it is necessary to identify the optimal balance point of three-dimensional fitness, unify the evaluation criteria and solve the degradation side effects through the co-design of physicochemical modification and drug loading system to break through the bottleneck of clinical translation.
Tissue Adhesions/prevention & control* ; Polyesters/chemistry* ; Humans ; Biocompatible Materials/chemistry* ; Tendons/surgery* ; Membranes, Artificial ; Tendon Injuries/surgery* ; Wound Healing ; Animals ; Durapatite/chemistry*

Objective:To evaluate the upper airway dimension changes in mandibular prognathism accompanied with maxillary retrognathism patients treated with bimaxillary orthognathic surgery by spiral CT.Methods:The data of patients with mandibular prognathism accompanied with maxillary retrognathism who underwent bimaxillary surgery in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University from May 2017 to October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The surgical method was LeFort Ⅰ osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split mandibular osteotomy. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on the sagittal setback distance of the supramentale(in group A, the setback distance of the supramentale was more than 5 mm; in group B, the setback distance of the supramentale was less than or equal to 5 mm). Spiral CT data were collected 1 week before surgery(T0), 1 month after surgery(T1), and 6-12 months after surgery(T2). Three-dimensional model reconstruction was performed. The airway cross-sectional measurements, length and volumes in T0, T1 and T2 were measured. The effect of bimaxillary orthognathic surgery on upper airway of the patients was evaluated quantitatively. We performed repeated measures analysis of variance to compare the differences of upper airway among T0, T1 and T2 in the same group. The Bonferroni method was used for multiple comparisons if the difference was statistically significant(α=0.017). We used two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance to compare the differences of the upper airway change trend between the two groups.Results:A total of 30 patients were included, including 15 patients in group A, 5 males and 10 females[aged: (21.2±2.3) years]; and 15 patients in group B, 7 males and 8 females[aged: (23.6±2.4) years]. The cross-section area and sagittal diameter of lower velopharyngeal plane(Lvp), the glossopharynx airway volume and total upper airway volume: group A decreased significantly at T1, and did not return to T0 level at T2(all P<0.017); group B decreased significantly at T1(all P<0.017), and returned to T0 level at T2(all P>0.017); the change trend of these indexes between the two groups was statistically significant(all P<0.05). The airway length of the glossopharynx and the total upper airway: group A increased significantly at T1 and T2(both P<0.017); group B had no significant changes at T1 or T2(both P>0.017); the change trend of these two indexes between the two groups was statistically significant(both P<0.05). Conclusions:The glossopharynx airway volume and total upper airway volume decreased in mandibular prognathism accompanied with maxillary retrognathism patients after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. If the setback distance of the mandible is less than or equal to 5 mm, they can probably return to the preoperative level 6-12 months after surgery. If the setback distance of the mandible is more than 5 mm, they can not return to the preoperative level 6-12 months after surgery.

Atherosclerosis (AS) is an invisible killer among cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which has seriously threatened the life of quality. The complex pathogenesis of AS involves multiple interrelated events and cell types, such as macrophages, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and immune cells. Currently, the efficacy of recommended statin treatment is not satisfactory. Natural products (NPs) have attracted increasing attention with regard to their broad structural diversity and biodiversity, which makes them a promising library in the demand for lead compounds with cardiovascular protective bio-activity. NPs can preclude the development of AS by regulating lipid metabolism, ameliorating inflammation, stabilizing plaques, and remodeling the gut microbiota, which lays a foundation for the application of NPs in clinical therapeutics.
Humans ; Biological Products/metabolism* ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism* ; Atherosclerosis/metabolism* ; Macrophages/metabolism* ; Inflammation/metabolism*

Objective:To evaluate the upper airway dimension changes in mandibular prognathism accompanied with maxillary retrognathism patients treated with bimaxillary orthognathic surgery by spiral CT.Methods:The data of patients with mandibular prognathism accompanied with maxillary retrognathism who underwent bimaxillary surgery in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University from May 2017 to October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The surgical method was LeFort Ⅰ osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split mandibular osteotomy. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on the sagittal setback distance of the supramentale(in group A, the setback distance of the supramentale was more than 5 mm; in group B, the setback distance of the supramentale was less than or equal to 5 mm). Spiral CT data were collected 1 week before surgery(T0), 1 month after surgery(T1), and 6-12 months after surgery(T2). Three-dimensional model reconstruction was performed. The airway cross-sectional measurements, length and volumes in T0, T1 and T2 were measured. The effect of bimaxillary orthognathic surgery on upper airway of the patients was evaluated quantitatively. We performed repeated measures analysis of variance to compare the differences of upper airway among T0, T1 and T2 in the same group. The Bonferroni method was used for multiple comparisons if the difference was statistically significant(α=0.017). We used two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance to compare the differences of the upper airway change trend between the two groups.Results:A total of 30 patients were included, including 15 patients in group A, 5 males and 10 females[aged: (21.2±2.3) years]; and 15 patients in group B, 7 males and 8 females[aged: (23.6±2.4) years]. The cross-section area and sagittal diameter of lower velopharyngeal plane(Lvp), the glossopharynx airway volume and total upper airway volume: group A decreased significantly at T1, and did not return to T0 level at T2(all P<0.017); group B decreased significantly at T1(all P<0.017), and returned to T0 level at T2(all P>0.017); the change trend of these indexes between the two groups was statistically significant(all P<0.05). The airway length of the glossopharynx and the total upper airway: group A increased significantly at T1 and T2(both P<0.017); group B had no significant changes at T1 or T2(both P>0.017); the change trend of these two indexes between the two groups was statistically significant(both P<0.05). Conclusions:The glossopharynx airway volume and total upper airway volume decreased in mandibular prognathism accompanied with maxillary retrognathism patients after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. If the setback distance of the mandible is less than or equal to 5 mm, they can probably return to the preoperative level 6-12 months after surgery. If the setback distance of the mandible is more than 5 mm, they can not return to the preoperative level 6-12 months after surgery.

Objective:Establishment of a new model of human primary colon cancer transplantation tumor in normal immune mice and to provide a reliable experimental animal model for studying the pathogenesis of colon cancer under normal immunity.Methods:Human colon cancer cells come from colon cancer patients who underwent surgery in the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College in 2017. The mice in the cell control group were inoculated with phosphate buffered solution (PBS) containing colon cancer cells, the microcarrier control group was inoculated with PBS containing microcarrier 6, and the cell-microcarrier complex group was inoculated with the PBS containing colon cancer cell-microcarrier complex. The cells of each group were inoculated under the skin of the right axilla of mice by subcutaneous injection, and the time, size, tumor formation rate and pathological changes under microscope were recorded. The transplanted tumor tissue was immunohistochemically stained with the EnVisiion two-step method, and the tumor formation rate of the transplanted tumor was judged according to the proportion of positive cells in the visual field. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to detect the expression of human-specific Alu sequence in mice tumor tissue.Results:After inoculation with tumor cells, the mice in the cell control group and the microcarrier control group did not die and did not form tumors; the mice in the cell-microcarrier complex group had palpable subcutaneous tumors in the right axillary subcutaneously on the 5th to 7th days after inoculation, and tumor formation rate is 67% (10/15), and the tumor volume can reach about 500 mm 3 2 to 3 weeks after vaccination. The immunohistochemistry results showed that CK20, CDX-2 and carcinoembryonic antigen were all positively expressed. The PCR results showed that the expression of human-specific Alu sequence can be detected in the transplanted tumor tissue of tumor-bearing mice. Conclusion:Human primary colon cancer cells used microcarrier 6 as a carrier to form tumors in normal immunized mice, and successfully established a new model of human colon cancer transplantation tumor in normal immune mice.

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of three-dimensional measurement in the study of jaw stability in patients with skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion after orthognathic surgery, and to analysis the jaw relapse of risk factors.Methods:Patients with skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion who underwent bimaxillary surgery in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, from July 2019 to December 2019 were included. CT data at 1 week preoperative (T0), 3 days after surgery (T1), and 6-12 months after surgery (T2) were collected respectively. The 3D model was constructed by 3D Slicer, and the movement of maxilla and mandible after surgery was measured by Geomagic Qualify. The paired student t-test, Wilcoxon rank sum test and Pearson correlation was performed in this study. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:A total of 15 patients were included, including 5 males and 10 females. The age is from 18 to 25 year old. The average age is 21.3. In horizontal direction, the RGo coordinate has significant difference between T1[(-50.47±4.44) mm] and T2[(-50.06±4.66) mm] ( t=2.948, P=0.011), while all other landmarks have no significantly statistic difference. In the anteroposterior direction, there were significant differences for all maxillary landmarks between T1 with T2 ( P< 0.05). The relapse rates at point of A, Rp, Lp, RMF and LMF were 37.7 %(1.36/3.61), 35.7%(1.15/3.22), 25.4%(0.84/3.31), 26.9%(0.84/3.12), 14.0%(0.41/2.92), respectively. There were significant differences in all mandibular landmarks between T1 with T2 ( P<0.01). The relapse rates at point of B, Pog, Gn, Me, RGo and LGo were respectively 36.9%(1.75/4.74), 53.9%(2.45/4.55), 55.5%(2.72/4.90), 61.7%(2.90/4.70), 85.3%(2.20/2.58), 93.4%(2.40/2.57). The distance of skeletal relapse movement was significantly correlated with the surgery-induced distance ( r: 0.572-0.736, P<0.05). In the vertical direction, there was no significant difference of maxillary landmarks between T1 with T2 ( P > 0.05). For B, Pog, Gn and Me points, there were statistically significant differences ( P< 0.01). From T1 to T2, the mandible has tendency of counter-clockwise rotation. Conclusions:The three-dimensional measurement can accurately reflect the three-dimensional changes of jaw in patients with skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion after bimaxillary surgery. No significantly statistic relapse was in horizontal direction, while obvious relapse was occurred in anteroposterior directions. The counter-clockwise rotation of mandible was shown in vertical direction.

Objective:Establishment of a new model of human primary colon cancer transplantation tumor in normal immune mice and to provide a reliable experimental animal model for studying the pathogenesis of colon cancer under normal immunity.Methods:Human colon cancer cells come from colon cancer patients who underwent surgery in the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College in 2017. The mice in the cell control group were inoculated with phosphate buffered solution (PBS) containing colon cancer cells, the microcarrier control group was inoculated with PBS containing microcarrier 6, and the cell-microcarrier complex group was inoculated with the PBS containing colon cancer cell-microcarrier complex. The cells of each group were inoculated under the skin of the right axilla of mice by subcutaneous injection, and the time, size, tumor formation rate and pathological changes under microscope were recorded. The transplanted tumor tissue was immunohistochemically stained with the EnVisiion two-step method, and the tumor formation rate of the transplanted tumor was judged according to the proportion of positive cells in the visual field. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to detect the expression of human-specific Alu sequence in mice tumor tissue.Results:After inoculation with tumor cells, the mice in the cell control group and the microcarrier control group did not die and did not form tumors; the mice in the cell-microcarrier complex group had palpable subcutaneous tumors in the right axillary subcutaneously on the 5th to 7th days after inoculation, and tumor formation rate is 67% (10/15), and the tumor volume can reach about 500 mm 3 2 to 3 weeks after vaccination. The immunohistochemistry results showed that CK20, CDX-2 and carcinoembryonic antigen were all positively expressed. The PCR results showed that the expression of human-specific Alu sequence can be detected in the transplanted tumor tissue of tumor-bearing mice. Conclusion:Human primary colon cancer cells used microcarrier 6 as a carrier to form tumors in normal immunized mice, and successfully established a new model of human colon cancer transplantation tumor in normal immune mice.

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of three-dimensional measurement in the study of jaw stability in patients with skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion after orthognathic surgery, and to analysis the jaw relapse of risk factors.Methods:Patients with skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion who underwent bimaxillary surgery in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, from July 2019 to December 2019 were included. CT data at 1 week preoperative (T0), 3 days after surgery (T1), and 6-12 months after surgery (T2) were collected respectively. The 3D model was constructed by 3D Slicer, and the movement of maxilla and mandible after surgery was measured by Geomagic Qualify. The paired student t-test, Wilcoxon rank sum test and Pearson correlation was performed in this study. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:A total of 15 patients were included, including 5 males and 10 females. The age is from 18 to 25 year old. The average age is 21.3. In horizontal direction, the RGo coordinate has significant difference between T1[(-50.47±4.44) mm] and T2[(-50.06±4.66) mm] ( t=2.948, P=0.011), while all other landmarks have no significantly statistic difference. In the anteroposterior direction, there were significant differences for all maxillary landmarks between T1 with T2 ( P< 0.05). The relapse rates at point of A, Rp, Lp, RMF and LMF were 37.7 %(1.36/3.61), 35.7%(1.15/3.22), 25.4%(0.84/3.31), 26.9%(0.84/3.12), 14.0%(0.41/2.92), respectively. There were significant differences in all mandibular landmarks between T1 with T2 ( P<0.01). The relapse rates at point of B, Pog, Gn, Me, RGo and LGo were respectively 36.9%(1.75/4.74), 53.9%(2.45/4.55), 55.5%(2.72/4.90), 61.7%(2.90/4.70), 85.3%(2.20/2.58), 93.4%(2.40/2.57). The distance of skeletal relapse movement was significantly correlated with the surgery-induced distance ( r: 0.572-0.736, P<0.05). In the vertical direction, there was no significant difference of maxillary landmarks between T1 with T2 ( P > 0.05). For B, Pog, Gn and Me points, there were statistically significant differences ( P< 0.01). From T1 to T2, the mandible has tendency of counter-clockwise rotation. Conclusions:The three-dimensional measurement can accurately reflect the three-dimensional changes of jaw in patients with skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion after bimaxillary surgery. No significantly statistic relapse was in horizontal direction, while obvious relapse was occurred in anteroposterior directions. The counter-clockwise rotation of mandible was shown in vertical direction.

Objective To explore the effect of head nurses′tutoring and commenting on nursing ward round. Methods The nursing ward rounds performed during August 2013 to July 2014 were assigned as the control group and those nursing ward rounds during August 2014 to August 2015 as observation group: in the former group routine nursing ward rounds were done once a week and in the latter the rounds were performed by head nurses′tutoring and commenting once every week. The two groups were compared in terms of examination performances of nursing ward rounds, doctors′ and nurses′ satisfaction degree, nurses′ and student nurses′evaluation on the ward rounds and their critical thinking ability. Results The examination performances and the satisfaction degree in the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The nurses in the observation group thought the head nurse′s commenting at ward rounds could be more effective than those from the control group in their improvement of theoretical knowledge and clinical ability (P<0.05). In terms of critical thinking by California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory-Chinese Version), the total score and the scores on its dimensions in the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Conclusion The nursing ward rounds by head nurses′tutoring and commenting can help the nurses to strengthen their ability in nursing ward rounds and improve their theory and clinical practice so that the nursing quality is improved.