Objective: To analyze the issuance of Chinese adolescents mental health promotion policies and policy objects, and to explore the use of different object policy tools and the effectiveness of the policy, so as to provide reference for the improvement of the subsequent policy. Methods: Adolescents mental health promotion policies published and policy documents that included adolescents in mental health promotion policies and regulations in China from 2014 to the present were obtained, with the search period of July to August 2024. Policy content and effectiveness were analyzed by using content cross tabulation analysis and Policy Modeling Consistency Index Model (PMC index model). It coded with Nvivo 20 software to understand the types of tools that policy depends on. Results: A total of 41 documents were included. The number of adolescent mental health promotion policy texts rose by year, most of which were issued independently, accounting for 70% of the total number of texts issued; 30% were jointly issued, with the Ministry of Education and the National Health Commission as the core subjects. Supply type policy tools accounted for 47.45 % of the total, while environment type and demand type policy tools accounted for 29.68% and 22.87% respectively; the use of policy tools by different policy targets varies, with families and social organizations using more supply type and demand type policy tools, while the education system and healthcare institutions were more inclined to supply type policy tools, and the government departments were more inclined to supply type policy tools and environment type policy tools. In terms of policy effectiveness, there was a common problem of a lack of incentives and constraints, and the PMC values of two long term planning mental health policies were high (7.76, 7.56), and both reached the excellent level. Conclusions China has paid more attention to adolescents mental health, and the basic guarantees have been established and overall policy effectiveness is good, but the use of policy tools is uneven. There is a need to improve the operational content of medium and long term policies and to strengthen synergies between implementing departments.

BACKGROUND:Currently,there have been studies on three-dimensional digitalization and visualization systems for adult acupoints,but there are not many reports on the visualization of pediatric acupoints based on real pediatric digital sectional anatomical datasets. OBJECTIVE:To design and develop a digital three-dimensional visualization system for children's neck acupoints,to provide a basis for acupuncture and moxibustion,meridian and acupoint science teaching,clinical practice,acupuncture manipulation practice,and acupuncture safety research,and to provide a basis for the development of children's acupoint simulation system. METHODS:Based on a real cross-sectional anatomical dataset of pre-school boys,a three-dimensional digital virtual anatomical model of the neck region of children and internal multi-organ three-dimensional reconstruction were completed using PhotoShop 2021 and Digihuman Reconstruction System software.A database of 11 acupoints was compiled,including Fengfu and Fengchi,using the Unity database language.A three-dimensional model of children's neck anatomy,acupoint database,and writing acupuncture operation codes were integrated in Unity3D software.A three-dimensional digital visualization system for children's neck acupoints was successfully created,which integrated simulation acupoint positioning,three-dimensional acupoint anatomy,acupuncture training,clinical teaching,and acupuncture safety research. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)This study was based on real child specimens.Manual layer by layer segmentation of cross-sectional images was used to ensure the accuracy of the three-dimensional model to the greatest extent possible.The 3D software Digihuman Reconstruction System was utilized to extract and save independent segmentation data.PhotoShop 2021 software was collaborated with to complete dozens of three-dimensional reconstruction anatomical models of the outer skin of the neck and its internal bone structure,cervical spinal cord,blood vessels and nerves,muscles,and ligaments in children.The basic morphology and overall contour integrity verification of each independent structure were completed in MeshLab software.The 3-material research 13.0 software was applied for final fine tuning and anatomical position confirmation,successfully simulating and restoring the true anatomical morphology of the neck of preschool children.(2)Based on and referring to the national standards of the People's Republic of China,a database of commonly used acupoints in children's neck region was collected and organized,including their names,meridians,positioning,local anatomy,needle insertion levels,acupuncture methods,acupuncture accidents and prevention,acupoint indications,and two-dimensional anatomical sectional images.(3)Unity3D software was employed to integrate the three-dimensional model of children's neck,acupuncture simulation operation,and acupoint database,and a three-dimensional digital children's neck acupoint acupuncture visualization system was successfully constructed.The system displayed information on children's neck acupoints,two-dimensional and three-dimensional anatomical structures,and achieved two-dimensional and three-dimensional acupuncture simulation functions and acupuncture safety research functions for children's neck acupoints.Based on the ultra-thin sectional anatomical dataset of real child specimens,the first three-dimensional digital and visualization system for acupoints in the neck region of children had been constructed.Compared with previous acupoint acupuncture systems,it is more in line with the anatomical and morphological development characteristics of Asian children and has high application value in the fields of acupuncture safety research,clinical teaching,and acupuncture simulation training.

Objective　To analyze and investigate a hospital-acquired outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) in a hospital's neurosurgical intensive care unit (NSICU), and to implement rectification based on the investigation results, providing valuable insights and recommendations for controlling similar outbreaks caused by multi-drug-resistant strains. Methods The field epidemiological investigation was conducted to investigate five cases of clustered CRKP pulmonary infection in the NICU in Shandong in 2021. Hygienic monitoring of the environment was undertaken. The main occurrence stages were analyzed, effective control measures were taken, and the effectiveness of the control measures was evaluated. Results The study identified an outbreak of CRKP infections that occurred in the neurosurgical intensive care unit, with the beds of infection cases and spatial positions being centrally distributed. Hygienic monitoring was performed on environmental surfaces, as well as the hands and nasal cavities of medical and cleaning staff. In the first sampling, 3 samples from the patient bed units tested positive for CRKP, while no CRKP was detected on other surfaces, or in samples from the hands and nasal passages of the medical staff and air specimens. The CRKP strains found on surfaces had antibiotic resistance profiles consistent with the patient strains. No further related cases occurred after comprehensive control measures were implemented. Conclusions The comprehensive control measures, including enhanced ward disinfection and isolation, strict management of hand hygiene among medical staff, and personnel training, can effectively control the outbreak of CRKP hospital-acquired infections in NSICU.

Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in tertiary hospitals in major regions of China in 2022.Methods Clinical isolates from 58 hospitals in China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2022 Clinical &Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)breakpoints.Results A total of 318 013 clinical isolates were collected from January 1,2022 to December 31,2022,of which 29.5％were gram-positive and 70.5％were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species(excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi)was 28.3％,76.7％and 77.9％,respectively.Overall,94.0％of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 90.8％of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis showed significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 94.2％in the isolates from children and 95.7％in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 13.1％in most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,21.7％-23.1％of which were resistant to carbapenems.Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.1％to 13.3％.The prevalence of meropenem-resistant strains decreased from 23.5％in 2019 to 18.0％in 2022 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and decreased from 79.0％in 2019 to 72.5％in 2022 in Acinetobacter baumannii.Conclusions The resistance of clinical isolates to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still increasing in tertiary hospitals.However,the prevalence of important carbapenem-resistant organisms such as carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a downward trend in recent years.This finding suggests that the strategy of combining antimicrobial resistance surveillance with multidisciplinary concerted action works well in curbing the spread of resistant bacteria.

Objective:To quantitatively evaluate left ventricular myocardial work in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by pressure strain loop (PSL) technique.Methods:A total of 103 T2DM patients diagnosed at the Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College from April 2022 to May 2023 were selected. They were divided into three groups based on their fatty liver ultrasound findings: group A (34 cases without NAFLD), group B (37 cases with mild NAFLD), and group C (32 cases with moderate to severe NAFLD). All patients underwent routine echocardiography, which measured the end diastolic left ventricular diameter (LVIDd), end systolic left ventricular diameter (LVIDs), end diastolic interventricular septum (IVSTd), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWTd), and end systolic left atrial diameter (LAD). The biplane Simpson method was used to measure left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), end diastolic left ventricular volume (LVEDV), and end systolic left ventricular volume (LVESV). PSL technology was applied to analyze the overall longitudinal strain (GLS), global work index (GWI), global effective work (GCW), global ineffective work (GWW), and overall work efficiency (GWE) of the left ventricular myocardium. We compared the conventional echocardiography parameters and myocardial work parameters among three groups, and analyzed the correlation between myocardial work parameters and GLS and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1c). Results:The differences in body mass index (BMI), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) between group B and group A were statistically significant (all P<0.05); There was a statistically significant difference in BMI, HbA 1c, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) between group C and group B (all P<0.001); The differences in BMI, HbA 1c, ALT, AST, triglyceride (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and LDL-C between group C and group A were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The GWI and GCW in group B were lower than those in group A (all P<0.05), while the absolute GLS, GCW, GWI, and GWE in group C were lower than those in group A, and GWW was higher than those in group A (all P<0.05); The absolute values of GLS, GCW, GWI, and GWE in group C were lower than those in group B ( P<0.05). The correlation analysis results showed that GLS and HbA 1c were negatively correlated with GCW and GWI ( r=-0.571, -0.533, -0.273, -0.223, P<0.05). Conclusions:PSL technology can quantitatively evaluate left ventricular myocardial work in patients with T2DM combined with NAFLD, and can detect early impairment of left ventricular systolic function in patients. It has clinical reference value in evaluating overall and local cardiac function.

The overall health condition of patients significantly affects the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of endodontic diseases.A systemic consideration of the patient's overall health along with oral conditions holds the utmost importance in determining the necessity and feasibility of endodontic therapy,as well as selecting appropriate therapeutic approaches.This expert consensus is a collaborative effort by specialists from endodontics and clinical physicians across the nation based on the current clinical evidence,aiming to provide general guidance on clinical procedures,improve patient safety and enhance clinical outcomes of endodontic therapy in patients with compromised overall health.

In view of the surgical complexity of parapharyngeal space tumors involved, this paper summarized the disease data of patients with parapharyngeal space tumors involved in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January 2015 to January 2021. It also summarized the surgical approach and mandibular management, so as to explore surgical strategies for different characteristics of parapharyngeal space tumors involved. A total of 49 patients, including 28 males and 21 females, median age 52 years (range 24-72 years). They were treated with four surgical approaches for tumor resection, 25 cervical approach, 5 cheek and neck approach, 3 transoral approach, and 16 cervical-maxillary approach. Among the patients treated with cervical-maxillary approach, 3 patients were treated with mandible square resection, and 6 patients were treated with temporary mandible dissection. Seven cases were treated with tumor resection and partial mandibular resection. There are various surgical approaches and mandibular management methods involving tumors in the parapharyngeal space, and clinical decisions should be made based on tumor diameter, location, boundary, blood supply and pathological types.

Objective:To evaluate the impact of human papillomavirus(HPV)infection on the clinical outcomes of intrauterine insemination(IUI)in infertile women.Methods:The clinical data of 685 patients(1046 cycles)who underwent IUI treatment were retrospectively analyzed at Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Medical University from January 2019 to July 2021,including 554 cases of artificial insemination with husband sperm(AIH).According to HPV infection,patients were divided into two groups,HPV positive group and HPV negative group,propensity score matching(PSM,1 ∶ 2)was used for IUI(80 cases in HPV-positive group and 158 cases in HPV-negative group)and AIH(65 cases in HPV-positive group and 129 cases in HPV-negative group)treatment patients,and the clinical outcomes of these patients were compared respectively.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in clinical pregnancy rate,live birth rate,ectopic pregnancy rate,abortion rate,macrosomia birth rate,and low body weight birth rate between HPV-positive group and HPV-negative group after matching with IUI treat-ment patients(P>0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in clinical pregnancy rate,live birth rate,ectopic pregnancy rate,miscarriage rate,macrosomia birth rate,and low body weight birth rate between the HPV positive group and the HPV negative group after matching AIH treatment patients(P>0.05).Conclusions:HPV infection in infertile female may not affect the clinical outcomes of IUI patients.

Objective:To explore the feasibility and application value of indocyanine green(ICG)lymph node tracer in clinical early stage cervical cancer staging surgery.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 31 patients with early clinical stage(ⅠA1-ⅡA1)cervical cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical hysterectomy,pelvic lymph node resection and para-aortic lymph node sampling were selected as the study subjects in Sichuan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from April 1,2022 to July 31,2023.They were divided into the ICG fluorescence tracer group(ICG group,17 cases)and the conventional surgery group(control group,14 ca-ses)based on whether ICG was injected or not.The resected lymph nodes were classified and submitted for ex-amination according to location and whether they presented visualization.The method of contingency coefficient was used to analyze the correlations between lymph node visualization patterns and lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological characteristics,and the perioperative data of the two groups were compared.Results:①The postoperative stage of 8 patients(25.8％)(4 in each group)were improved compared with the preoperative clini-cal stage.The number of resected lymph nodes in the ICG group was less than that in the control group(18±9 nodes/person vs.26±11 nodes/person,P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in operation time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative FIGO(2018)staging,lymph node metastasis rate,and positive rate of resected lymph nodes between the two groups(P＞0.05).②The visualization rate in the ICG group was 64.71％(11/17).There was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate between the visualized and non-visualized lymph nodes(P＞0.05).There was a significant correlation between lymph node visualization and lymph node metastasis(C=0.707,P＜0.05),and a significant correlation was found between lymph node visual-ization and lymph node metastasis in the same patient(C=0.557,P＜0.05).Conclusions:The rate of lymph node metastasis in clinical early stage cervical cancer is low.ICG fluorescence visualization can trace lymph nodes and predict the risk of metastasis.By only resecting the visualized lymph nodes under the guidance of ICG tracer,the lymph node metastasis status of early-stage cervical cancer can be fully evaluated,which is worthy of further research.