This paper introduces a real-world cohort research model for community-acquired pneumonia （CAP） based on the Jiangsu Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） Dominant Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment Data Platform. Firstly， data cleaning is performed by standardizing diagnosis， symptoms， treatment and imaging， intelligently extracting unstructured information， and cleaning and constructing a standardized database. Secondly， for cohort establishment， CAP patients across the province are screened in accordance with CAP diagnostic criteria to build a high-quality disease-specific cohort. Lastly， in terms of protocol design， the characteristics of TCM research and the CAP disease profile are considered to determine appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria， estimate sample size， define interventions， outcomes and economic evaluations， providing a reference for real-world TCM research on CAP.

This paper introduces a real-world cohort research model for community-acquired pneumonia （CAP） based on the Jiangsu Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） Dominant Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment Data Platform. Firstly， data cleaning is performed by standardizing diagnosis， symptoms， treatment and imaging， intelligently extracting unstructured information， and cleaning and constructing a standardized database. Secondly， for cohort establishment， CAP patients across the province are screened in accordance with CAP diagnostic criteria to build a high-quality disease-specific cohort. Lastly， in terms of protocol design， the characteristics of TCM research and the CAP disease profile are considered to determine appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria， estimate sample size， define interventions， outcomes and economic evaluations， providing a reference for real-world TCM research on CAP.

ObjectiveTranscranial magneto-acoustic stimulation (TMAS) is an emerging non-invasive neuromodulation technique that may provide a novel non-pharmacological intervention strategy for Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), leading to motor impairments such as bradykinesia, tremor, and rigidity. Increasing evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired mitochondrial quality control are central mechanisms underlying dopaminergic neuronal loss. In particular, abnormalities in mitophagy and mitochondrial fission-fusion balance contribute substantially to oxidative stress, energy metabolic failure, and neuronal injury. At present, most clinical treatments for PD mainly alleviate symptoms but do not effectively halt disease progression. Therefore, exploring new interventions targeting the core pathological mechanisms is of considerable significance. This study aims to investigate whether TMAS can improve neural damage and motor dysfunction in PD mice by regulating mitophagy and the fission/fusion dynamic balance, thereby providing theoretical and experimental support for its application in PD treatment. MethodsMale C57BL/6 mice were used in this study. A PD model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) for 7 consecutive days. After model induction, mice in the intervention group received TMAS once daily for 14 consecutive days, whereas the corresponding control group received sham stimulation. The stimulation target was positioned over the primary motor cortex (M1). Motor performance was evaluated using the pole test and the open-field test. To verify the activation effect of TMAS on the target cortical region, c-Fos immunohistochemistry was performed in the M1. To assess nigral dopaminergic neuronal injury, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry was used to quantify TH-positive neurons in the SNc. Mitochondrial function was evaluated by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content in the SNc. Western blot was further performed to determine the expression of mitophagy-related proteins, including PINK1, Parkin, LC3-II, and p62, as well as mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins, including Drp1 and Opa1. ResultsTMAS significantly increased the number of c-Fos-positive cells in M1 (P<0.000 1), indicating effective activation of neurons in the targeted cortical region. Compared with the control group, MPTP-treated mice exhibited marked motor dysfunction, including a significant reduction in total distance traveled in the open-field test (P<0.000 1) and mean speed (P=0.000 1), as well as significant prolongation of turn time and total climbing time in the pole test (P<0.000 1). These behavioral impairments were accompanied by a substantial loss of TH-positive dopaminergic neurons in the SNc, whereas TMAS significantly increased TH-positive neuron survival (P<0.000 1). In parallel, MPTP induced a pronounced increase in ROS levels and a significant reduction in ATP content, indicating severe mitochondrial dysfunction and energy metabolism impairment (P<0.01). TMAS treatment significantly improved motor performance, as reflected by the reversal of MPTP-induced impairment in the open-field and pole tests, and significantly reduced ROS accumulation (P<0.01) while restoring ATP production (P<0.001). At the molecular level, MPTP markedly downregulated PINK1 and Parkin, decreased p62 expression, increased LC3-II accumulation, elevated Drp1 expression, and reduced Opa1 expression, whereas TMAS significantly reversed these abnormalities, suggesting restoration of mitophagy-related mitochondrial quality control and re-establishment of mitochondrial fission-fusion balance. Collectively, these findings indicate that TMAS ameliorates MPTP-induced neurotoxicity and restores mitochondrial homeostasis and energy metabolism. ConclusionTMAS effectively attenuates neural damage and improves motor dysfunction in MPTP-induced PD mice. Its neuroprotective effects are closely associated with multidimensional regulation of the mitochondrial quality control system, including restoration of PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy and rebalancing of Drp1/Opa1-related mitochondrial dynamics. Rather than acting only as a symptomatic neuromodulatory intervention, TMAS may influence a key pathological axis of PD by improving mitochondrial homeostasis in SNc and protecting nigral dopaminergic neurons. These findings provide experimental evidence supporting TMAS as a promising non-invasive physical intervention for PD.

ObjectiveTranscranial magneto-acoustic stimulation (TMAS) is an emerging non-invasive neuromodulation technique that may provide a novel non-pharmacological intervention strategy for Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), leading to motor impairments such as bradykinesia, tremor, and rigidity. Increasing evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired mitochondrial quality control are central mechanisms underlying dopaminergic neuronal loss. In particular, abnormalities in mitophagy and mitochondrial fission-fusion balance contribute substantially to oxidative stress, energy metabolic failure, and neuronal injury. At present, most clinical treatments for PD mainly alleviate symptoms but do not effectively halt disease progression. Therefore, exploring new interventions targeting the core pathological mechanisms is of considerable significance. This study aims to investigate whether TMAS can improve neural damage and motor dysfunction in PD mice by regulating mitophagy and the fission/fusion dynamic balance, thereby providing theoretical and experimental support for its application in PD treatment. MethodsMale C57BL/6 mice were used in this study. A PD model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) for 7 consecutive days. After model induction, mice in the intervention group received TMAS once daily for 14 consecutive days, whereas the corresponding control group received sham stimulation. The stimulation target was positioned over the primary motor cortex (M1). Motor performance was evaluated using the pole test and the open-field test. To verify the activation effect of TMAS on the target cortical region, c-Fos immunohistochemistry was performed in the M1. To assess nigral dopaminergic neuronal injury, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry was used to quantify TH-positive neurons in the SNc. Mitochondrial function was evaluated by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content in the SNc. Western blot was further performed to determine the expression of mitophagy-related proteins, including PINK1, Parkin, LC3-II, and p62, as well as mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins, including Drp1 and Opa1. ResultsTMAS significantly increased the number of c-Fos-positive cells in M1 (P<0.000 1), indicating effective activation of neurons in the targeted cortical region. Compared with the control group, MPTP-treated mice exhibited marked motor dysfunction, including a significant reduction in total distance traveled in the open-field test (P<0.000 1) and mean speed (P=0.000 1), as well as significant prolongation of turn time and total climbing time in the pole test (P<0.000 1). These behavioral impairments were accompanied by a substantial loss of TH-positive dopaminergic neurons in the SNc, whereas TMAS significantly increased TH-positive neuron survival (P<0.000 1). In parallel, MPTP induced a pronounced increase in ROS levels and a significant reduction in ATP content, indicating severe mitochondrial dysfunction and energy metabolism impairment (P<0.01). TMAS treatment significantly improved motor performance, as reflected by the reversal of MPTP-induced impairment in the open-field and pole tests, and significantly reduced ROS accumulation (P<0.01) while restoring ATP production (P<0.001). At the molecular level, MPTP markedly downregulated PINK1 and Parkin, decreased p62 expression, increased LC3-II accumulation, elevated Drp1 expression, and reduced Opa1 expression, whereas TMAS significantly reversed these abnormalities, suggesting restoration of mitophagy-related mitochondrial quality control and re-establishment of mitochondrial fission-fusion balance. Collectively, these findings indicate that TMAS ameliorates MPTP-induced neurotoxicity and restores mitochondrial homeostasis and energy metabolism. ConclusionTMAS effectively attenuates neural damage and improves motor dysfunction in MPTP-induced PD mice. Its neuroprotective effects are closely associated with multidimensional regulation of the mitochondrial quality control system, including restoration of PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy and rebalancing of Drp1/Opa1-related mitochondrial dynamics. Rather than acting only as a symptomatic neuromodulatory intervention, TMAS may influence a key pathological axis of PD by improving mitochondrial homeostasis in SNc and protecting nigral dopaminergic neurons. These findings provide experimental evidence supporting TMAS as a promising non-invasive physical intervention for PD.

Background: and Purpose Vertebrobasilar fusiform aneurysms (VBFAs) carry substantial morbidity and mortality, but optimal management for unruptured VBFAs remains unclear. We compared the safety and efficacy of conservative management (CM), stent-assisted coiling (SAC), and flow diverters (FDs) in patients with unruptured VBFAs, focusing on long-term prognosis. Methods: This study included data from a nationwide Chinese cohort of patients with vertebrobasilar dissecting aneurysms. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) balanced confounders across groups. The primary outcome was poor prognosis (modified Rankin Scale score >2). Secondary outcomes included aneurysm rupture, ischemic stroke, compression symptoms, and VBFA-related deaths. Logistic regression estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Results: Among 1,115 patients with unruptured VBFAs, 838 (median age, 54 years; 655 men) were included. After IPTW, baseline characteristics were balanced. Median follow-up was 54 months. FD was associated with a lower risk of poor prognosis than CM (OR, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.30 to 0.77]; p=0.002), with no difference between CM and SAC. FD also reduced aneurysm rupture (OR, 0.20 [95% CI, 0.07 to 0.60]; p=0.004) and compression symptoms (OR, 0.30 [95% CI, 0.13 to 0.68]; p=0.004) versus CM. Time-to-event analyses further revealed significant differences in vertebral artery lesions and Type I–II VBFAs, whereas no significant differences were observed in basilar or vertebrobasilar junction lesions or in Type III–IV VBFAs. Conclusions Compared with CM, FD was associated with improved long-term outcomes in unruptured VBFAs, particularly in vertebral artery lesions and Type I–II VBFAs, although residual confounding cannot be excluded.

Objective This study conducted molecular biological identification of the viruses carried by Culex pipiens pallens specimens collected in Shunyi District, Beijing in 2023, and observed the changes in the infection rate of the viruses carried by Cx. pipiens pallens at different collection times. Methods Cx. pipiens pallens were collected using carbon dioxide mosquito traps. The mosquito samples were ground in batches and analyzed by molecular biology technologies. The virus infection rate at different collection times was analyzed statistically. Results 17 strains of Culex pipiens pallens densovirus(CppDNV)were identified from Cx. pipiens pallens samples collected in Shunyi District, Beijing, in 2023. The nucleotide sequence analysis of the virus genome coding region showed that CppDNV was a single-stranded DNA virus with a total length of 3 335 nt, encoding 2 non-structural proteins(NS1, NS2)and 1 capsid protein(VP). The nucleotide(amino acid)sequence lengths of the three proteins were 2 376 nt(791 aa),1 092 nt(363 aa)and 1 071 nt(356 aa), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CppDNV was located in genus Brevihamaparvovirus. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in infection rates across collection times(χ2=4.429, P=0.194). Conclusions CppDNV was identified in Cx. pipiens pallens in Beijing, and it was stably maintained in this natural population.

Objective To investigate the species composition of mosquitoes and breeding conditions of larvae in the rice planting areas of Beijing, and to provide a scientific basis for mosquito control in rice fields. Methods Adult mosquitoes were collected using CO2-baited light traps, and mosquito larvae(including pupae)were sampled via the dipping method. Results A total of 4 genera and 6 species of adult mosquitoes were captured in the study area. The dominant species were Culex pipiens pallens, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, and Anopheles sinensis. The average adult mosquito density was 5.11 specimens per trap-hour, with slightly lower density in July compared to August. For larvae and pupae,3 genera and 4 species were identified, dominated by Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, An. sinensis, and Aedes vexans. Conclusions The mosquito species composition in Beijing′s rice planting areas is diverse. Mosquito control strategies should prioritize the management of adult mosquitoes, while density control of mosquito larvae in paddy fields can be achieved through intermittent irrigation techniques.

ObjectiveTo elucidate the epidemiological characteristics, evolution of the pathogen spectrum, and spatial distribution patterns of other infectious diarrheal diseases (excluding cholera, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, and bacillary dysentery) in Yangpu District of Shanghai from 2005 to 2024, thereby providing a scientific basis for the formulation of targeted prevention and control strategies. MethodsInformation on other infectious diarrhea cases with a current address in Yangpu District of Shanghai, and onset dates from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2024, was extracted from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Information System. Data on cases, including gender, age, occupation, and pathogen testing results, were collected. Descriptive epidemiological methods were employed to analyze the temporal, spatial, and demographic distribution of reported incidence rates and the epidemiological characteristics of pathogens for other infectious diarrheal diseases in Yangpu District from 2005 to 2024. Spatial autocorrelation analyses of reported incidence rates for viral and bacterial diarrhea were conducted using Moran’s Index (Moran’s I）. Local spatial autocorrelation analyses were performed using local indicators of spatial association (LISA), with a first-order Queen contiguity spatial weight matrix, and significance was tested via 999 random permutations. Time-series and radar chart analyses were used to examine the temporal patterns of other infectious diarrhea cases caused by major pathogens. ResultsFrom 2005 to 2024, a total of 5 211 cases of other infectious diarrhea were reported in Yangpu District. The cases were predominantly males (2 714 cases, accounting for 52.08%) and children under 5 years of age (1 639 cases, accounting for 31.45%). The primary occupational groups were scattered children (1 433 cases, accounting for 27.50%) and retired personnel (1 403 cases, accounting for 26.92%). The annual average reported incidence rate was 20.36/100 000, showing an overall fluctuating trend with peaks around 2009 and 2024. Peak incidence occurred in summer and autumn (July‒September), with the highest reported incidence rate observed in summer (June‒August) (7.31/100 000). Children under 5 years of age (116.00/100 000) and adults aged 60 and older (21.39/100 000) were the top two age groups in terms of reported incidence. Global spatial autocorrelation analyses showed that the reported incidence rates of viral diarrhea across the sub-districts in Yangpu District in 2020 exhibited a significant positive spatial correlation (Moran’s I =0.30, P=0.016). The spatial autocorrelation of reported incidence rates of viral diarrhea in each sub-district for the periods 2008‒2019 and 2021‒2024 was not statistically significant (all P>0.05). Local spatial autocorrelation analyses of viral diarrhea incidence in 2020 revealed that Xinjiangwancheng Sub-district exhibited a low‑low clustering trend (local Moran’s I =0.49, P=0.018), while Dinghai Road Sub-district exhibited a high‑high clustering trend (local Moran’s I =1.33, P=0.024). The global spatial autocorrelation of reported incidence rates of bacterial diarrhea across the sub-districts of Yangpu District from 2005 to 2024 was not statistically significant (all P>0.05). Among the 5 211 cases, 4 049 had definitive pathogen test results. Bacterial diarrhea accounted for a relatively high proportion (55.52%, 2 248/4 049). The pathogens with the highest proportions were rotavirus (32.33%, 1 309/4 049), Vibrio spp. (31.69%, 1 283/4 049), Salmonella spp. (19.63%, 795/4 049), and norovirus (9.16%, 371/4 049). The radar chart showed that diarrhea cases caused by norovirus had no obvious seasonality, rotavirus cases were mainly concentrated in winter, and cases caused by Salmonella spp. and Vibrio spp. were mainly concentrated in summer and autumn. Among cases under 20 years of age, rotavirus accounted for a relatively high proportion, especially in children under 5 years of age. Among cases aged 20 years and older, Vibrio spp. and Salmonella spp. accounted for relatively high proportions. ConclusionFrom 2005 to 2024, other infectious diarrhea in Yangpu District of Shanghai was most prevalent in summer and autumn. Children under 5 years of age and adults aged 60 years and older were high-risk groups. In 2020, Dinghai Road Sub-district was a high-risk area for viral diarrhea. Rotavirus, Vibrio spp., Salmonella spp., and norovirus were the dominant pathogens. Prevention and control efforts for other infectious diarrhea should be strengthened among key populations (e.g., children under 5 years of age and adults aged 60 years and older) and in high-risk areas such as Dinghai Road Sub-district. During summer and autumn, priority should be given to the prevention and control of bacterial diarrhea caused by Salmonella spp. and Vibrio spp., especially among individuals aged 20 years and older (particularly those aged 60 and above). During winter, priority should be given to the prevention and control of diarrhea caused by rotavirus infection among individuals under 20 years of age, particularly children under 5 years of age.

This paper summarizes Professor AI Rudi's experience in the diagnosis and treatment of skin pruritus based on the "unity of restoring form， regulating qi， and harmonizing spirit"， employing internal herbal medicine combined with external treatments. It is believed that the core pathogenesis of pruritus is the "imbalance of form， qi， and spirit"， with disturbed spirit as the onset， disordered qi as the key pathogenic factor， and physical changes as the manifestation of the disease. The treatment principle follows "restoring form-regulating qi-harmonizing spirit"， with a combination of internal and external therapies， and differentiation based on deficiency and excess. For excess conditions caused by pathogenic disturbances to the heart spirit， treatment is based on different patterns of wind-heat， damp-heat， and blood-heat， using Sangye （Morus alba）-Sangbaipi （Morus alba cortex）-Longchi （Draconis os） to disperse wind and clear heat， calm the spirit； Difuzi （Kochia scoparia）-Qinghao （Artemisia annua）-Tanxiang （Santalum album） to clear damp-heat and aromatically open the spirit； Mudanpi （Paeonia suffruticosa）-Chuanxiong （Ligusticum chuanxiong）-Shuiniujiao （Bubalus bubalis cornua） to cool the blood， activate circulation， and calm the spirit. For deficiency conditions caused by insufficient nourishment of the heart spirit， treatment is based on patterns of qi deficiency or blood deficiency， using Huangqi （Astragalus membranaceus）-Fuping （Lemna minor）-Wuweizi （Schisandra chinensis） to tonify the qi and stabilize the exterior； Heshouwu （Polygonum multiflorum）-Jili （Tribulus terrestris）-Shouwuteng （Polygonum multiflorum vine） to nourish the blood， moisten dryness， and calm the spirit. External treatments integrate traditional Chinese medicine therapies such as medicinal baths， gua sha， and ear acupuncture， with custom herbal wash formulas for restoring form， jojoba oil gua sha for regulating qi， and ear seed therapy using Wangbuliuxing （Vaccaria segetalis） for harmonizing the spirit， achieving a holistic treatment effect for form， qi， and spirit.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of an intelligent handheld ultrasound (US) device for assisting non-expert general practitioners (GPs) in detecting carotid plaques (CPs) in community populations. Methods: This prospective parallel controlled trial recruited 111 consecutive community residents. All of them underwent examinations by non-expert GPs and specialist doctors using handheld US devices (setting A, setting B, and setting C). The results of setting C with specialist doctors were considered the gold standard. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and the features of CPs were measured and recorded. The diagnostic performance of GPs in distinguishing CPs was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Inter-observer agreement was compared using the intragroup correlation coefficient (ICC). Questionnaires were completed to evaluate clinical benefits. Results: Among the 111 community residents, 80, 96, and 112 CPs were detected in settings A, B, and C, respectively. Setting B exhibited better diagnostic performance than setting A for detecting CPs (area under the curve, 0.856 vs. 0.749; P<0.01). Setting B had better consistency with setting C than setting A in CIMT measurement and the assessment of CPs (ICC, 0.731 to 0.923). Moreover, measurements in setting B required less time than the other two settings (44.59 seconds vs. 108.87 seconds vs. 126.13 seconds, both P<0.01). Conclusion Using an intelligent handheld US device, GPs can perform CP screening and achieve a diagnostic capability comparable to that of specialist doctors.