ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism by which Wumeiwan suppresses the development and progression of colorectal cancer（CRC） through the regulation of fatty acid metabolic reprogramming， thereby providing new experimental evidence for the prevention and treatment of CRC. MethodsA total of 120 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the blank group， model group， Wumeiwan high-， medium-， and low-dose groups（54， 27， 13.5 g·kg^-1）， and the mesalazine group（0.01 g·kg^-1）， with 20 mice in each group. Except for the blank group， all mice were subjected to azoxymethane（AOM）/dextran sulfate sodium（DSS） treatment to establish an inflammation-associated CRC model. One week after AOM injection， mice in the treatment groups received intragastric administration of the designated drugs， while the blank and model groups received an equal volume of purified water， continuing until 20 d after the intervention endpoint. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to observe colonic histopathological alterations， and immunohistochemistry for vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF） was performed to evaluate neovascularization and tumor invasion. Metabolomics combined with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG） and metabolite set enrichment analysis（MSEA） was applied to identify key CRC-related metabolic pathways， which were further validated by transcriptomic Gene Ontology（GO） enrichment and gene heatmap analysis. Subsequently， Western blot was performed to determine the expression levels of core proteins in these pathways， and immunofluorescence was used to analyze their localization and co-expression patterns in tissues， thereby elucidating the mechanism of Wumeiwan from multiple biological dimensions. ResultsCompared with the blank group， mice in the model group exhibited a significant decrease in body weight and a significant increase in the disease activity index（DAI） score（P<0.05）， with pronounced colonic mucosal damage accompanied by aggravated tumor invasion. Compared with the model group， Wumeiwan intervention markedly improved body weight loss and reduced DAI score， attenuated mucosal injury， and significantly decreased VEGF expression level（P<0.05）. Multi-omics analysis revealed that differential metabolites and genes across groups were commonly enriched in fatty acid metabolism， fatty acid biosynthesis， and other lipid-related pathways. Relative to the blank group， the model group showed significant upregulation levels of fatty acid synthesis-related genes， including sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1（SREBP1）， fatty acid synthase（FASN）， stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1（SCD1）， as well as saturated fatty acids（P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， treatment with Wumeiwan significantly reduced the expression of key genes involved in fatty acid metabolic pathways， including SREBP1， FASN， and SCD1（P<0.05）. Western blot results further confirmed that proteins in this pathway were significantly elevated in the model group， whereas they were markedly downregulated following Wumeiwan treatment（P<0.05）. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated enhanced co-localization of SREBP1 with the cancer-associated fibroblast（CAF） marker α-smooth muscle actin（SMA） in the model group， whereas this co-localization signal was attenuated after Wumeiwan intervention（P<0.05）. ConclusionWumeiwan can improve survival outcomes and alleviate colonic pathological damage in CRC mice， its therapeutic mechanism may be closely associated with the regulation of fatty acid metabolic reprogramming mediated by the SREBP1/FASN/SCD1 signaling pathway.

Childhood simple obesity has become a significant public health issue in China. Modern medicine primarily relies on lifestyle interventions and often suffers from poor long-term compliance， while pharmacological options are limited and associated with potential adverse effects. Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） has a long history in the prevention and management of this condition， demonstrating eight distinct advantages， including systematic theoretical foundation， diversified therapeutic approaches， definite therapeutic efficacy， high safety profile， good patient compliance， comprehensive intervention strategies， emphasis on prevention， and stepwise treatment protocols. Additionally， TCM is characterized by six distinctive features： the use of natural medicinal substances， non-invasive external therapies， integration of medicinal dietetics， simple exercise regimens， precise syndrome differentiation， and diverse dosage forms. By combining internal and external treatments， TCM facilitates individualized regimen adjustment and holistic regulation， demonstrating remarkable effects in improving obesity-related metabolic indicators， regulating constitutional imbalance， and promoting healthy behaviors. However， challenges remain， such as inconsistent operational standards， insufficient high-quality clinical evidence， and a gap between basic research and clinical application. Future efforts should focus on accelerating the standardization of TCM diagnosis and treatment， conducting multicenter randomized controlled trials， and fostering interdisciplinary integration， so as to enhance the scientific validity and international recognition of TCM in the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity.

BACKGROUND: Immunosuppression is closely related to the pathogenesis of sepsis, but the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we aimed to examine the role of the Sterile Alpha Motif, Src Homology 3 domain and nuclear localization signal 1 (SAMSN1) in sepsis and elucidate its potential molecular mechanism in sepsis induced immunosuppression. METHODS: RNA sequencing databases were used to validate SAMSN1 expression in sepsis. The impact of SAMSN1 on sepsis was verified using gene knockout mice. Flow cytometry was employed to delineate how SAMSN1 affects immunity in sepsis, focusing on immune cell types and T cell functions. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated gene editing in RAW264.7 macrophages enabled interrogation of SAMSN1 's regulatory effects on essential macrophage functions, including cell proliferation and phagocytic capacity. The mechanism of SAMSN1 in the interaction between macrophages and T cells was investigated using the RAW264.7 cell line and primary cell lines. RESULTS: SAMSN1 expression was significantly increased in patients with sepsis and was positively correlated with sepsis mortality. Genetic deletion of Samsn1 in murine sepsis model improved T cell survival, elevated T cell cytolytic activity, and activated T cell signaling transduction. Concurrently, Samsn1 knockout augmented macrophage proliferation capacity and phagocytic efficiency. In macrophage, SAMSN1 binds to Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), causing nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) to dissociate from the KEAP1-NRF2 complex and translocate into the nucleus. This promotes the transcription of the coinhibitory molecules CD48/CD86/carcinoembryonic antigen related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), which bind to their corresponding receptors natural killer cell receptor 2B4/CD152/T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM3) on the surface of T cells, inducing T-cell exhaustion. CONCLUSIONS SAMSN1 deletion augmented adaptive T cell immunity and macrophage phagocytic-proliferative dual function. Furthermore, it mediates the KEAP1-NRF2 axis, which affects the expression of coinhibitory molecules on macrophages, leading to T-cell exhaustion. This novel immunosuppression mechanism potentially provides a candidate molecular target for sepsis immunotherapy.
Animals ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism* ; Mice ; Macrophages/immunology* ; Sepsis/metabolism* ; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1/genetics* ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology* ; Humans ; Signal Transduction/physiology* ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Male ; Flow Cytometry ; T-Cell Exhaustion

This article systematically reviews the characteristics and trends of the writing, editing, publication and promotion of physiology textbooks in China from the late 19th century to the present, focusing on the introduction, development and innovation of Chinese physiology textbooks. The development of physiology textbooks in China is divided into four main stages: the introduction and initial development of physiology textbooks from the late 19th century to 1925; the localization and diversification of textbooks from 1926 to 1949, after the establishment of the Chinese Physiological Society; the exploratory phase of textbook construction after the founding of the People's Republic of China from 1949 to 1976; the formation and innovation of the textbook development process from 1977 to the present, following the restoration of the college entrance examination. For each phase, the article not only records the historical development of physiology textbooks, but also analyzes the evolution of their content, writing styles and the interaction with the social and political contexts. The article summarizes the characteristics and experiences of all these four phases. Special attention is given to the comprehensive statistical analysis of physiology textbooks published since the restoration of the college entrance examination and Economic Reform and Opening-up in 1977, revealing the changes in the number, publication trends and academic features of textbooks during this period. Finally, the article presets the future development of physiology textbooks in China, proposing that textbook writing should integrate aspects such as ideological and political education, medical humanities, basic and clinical medicine, health education, scientific research and international exchange and collaboration. The article also advocates for the application of new technologies and methods, such as artificial intelligence, virtual teaching models and knowledge graphs, to support "personalized learning". This research provides a systematic reference for the study of the history of medical education and offers theoretical support for the future innovation of physiology textbook in China.
Humans ; China ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Physiology/education* ; Textbooks as Topic/history*

Postoperative infection of internal fixation of closed fractures the lower limbs in adults represents a devastating complication, characterized by diagnostic challenges, prolonged treatment duration and high disability rates. Current management of these infections faces multiple challenges, such as difficulties in early accurate diagnosis, and various controversies about the treatment plan, leading to poor overall diagnosis and treatment results. To address these issues, based on evidence-based medicine and principles with emphasis on scientific rigor, clinical applicability and innovation, the Trauma Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Orthopedics Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Trauma Orthopedics and Polytrauma Group of the Resuscitation and Emergency Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association have collaboratively organized a panel of relevant experts to develop the Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of infection after internal fixation of closed lower limb fractures in adults ( version 2025). The guideline proposed 10 recommendations, aiming to provide a foundation for standardized diagnosis and treatment of postoperative infection in adults with closed lower limb fractures.

Aim To investigate the effects of hydroxyl-safflor yellow A(HSYA)on the regenerative and re-pair functions of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs).Methods hUC-MSCs were mechanically isolated,and their morphology was ob-served.Cell surface marker expression was analyzed u-sing flow cytometry.Osteogenic differentiation was used to confirm the multipotency of the cells.The cells were treated with various concentrations of HSYA(0,100,200,400,600 μmol·L-1),and the optimal con-centration and duration of treatment were determined u-sing the CCK-8 assay.Cells were divided into four groups:control,100,200,and 400 μmol·L-1.The proliferative capacity of hUC-MSCs was assessed by EdU incorporation.Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BD-NF)levels in the culture supernatant were measured u-sing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.Cell migra-tion ability was evaluated by Scratch assays.The ex-pression levels of VEGF,BDNF,and fibroblast growth factor 2(FGF2)were detected by Western blotting.Results The isolated cells exhibited characteristics consistent with stem cell surface markers and demon-strated osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation poten-tial.After 48 hours of treatment,no cytotoxicity was observed at concentrations of 100,200,and 400 μmol·L-1compared to the control group.HSYA signifi-cantly increased the number of EdU-positive cells and cell migration rate,with the most pronounced effect was achieved at 200 μmol·L-1(P＜0.01).VEGF and BDNF levels in the supernatant were elevated,with the highest expression observed at 200 μmol·L-1(P＜0.01).Similarly,the expression levels of BDNF,VEGF,and FGF2 were significantly upregulated in the HSYA groups,with the highest levels at 200 μmol·L-1(P＜0.01).Conclusion HSYA promotes the proliferation,migration and angiogenesis of hUC-MSCs,with an optimal concentration of 200 μmol·L-1.

Sesamol is a fat-soluble natural polyphenol compound found in sesame seeds and sesame oil,which is widely used in food.Sesamol can effectively scavenge free radicals in the body,reduce oxidative stress,and protect cells from damage,therefore it plays an important role in the prevention of cardiovas-cular disease,cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.It has been widely studied for its various pharma-cological functions such as antioxidant,antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,neuroprotective,cardioprotec-tive,immunomodulatory and antitumor.In recent years,sesamol,as a safe and non-toxic chemical sub-stance,has received extensive attention in the field of tumor research and is expected to be used as a clinical drug for tumor therapy in the future.In this paper,through the collection and analysis of relevant literature on sesamol at home and abroad,we reviewed the biological functions of sesamol in antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,antibacterial,regulating energy metabolism,cardiovascular protection,and neuropro-tection,etc.as well as its mechanism of action.Furthermore,this review also focused on the role of ses-amol in regulating cellular energy metabolism,inducing apoptosis,blocking the cell cycle,modifying ep-igenetic modifications,promoting cellular autophagy,inhibiting angiogenesis,reducing the tolerance of chemotherapeutic drugs,and so on.In addition,this paper also focused on the anti-tumor effects of sesa-mol by regulating cell energy metabolism,inducing cell apoptosis,modulating epigenetic modification,promoting cell autophagy,inhibiting angiogenesis,and reducing the tolerance of chemotherapeutic drugs,etc.This review aims to provide a new theoretical basis for the development of tumor therapeutic drugs.

Objective:To analyze the genetic characteristics of the VWF gene c.7332G＞A nonsense mutation and explore its molecular pathogenesis.Methods:Phenotypic diagnosis of the proband was performed using VWF:Ag,VWF:RCo,FⅧ:C and multimeric analysis.The probands were genotyped by NGS whole-exome sequencing,and the sequencing results were validated by sanger sequencing.The family members were genotyped by Sanger sequencing.The VWF gene c.7332G＞A nonsense mutant plasmid was constructed.After transfection,the function of VWF gene c.7332G＞A mutant plasmid was verified at cell level in vitro.The mRNA level was detected by qRT-PCR,and the expression level of protein was detected by Western blot,the function of multimerization was verified by the multimeric analysis.Results:VWF:Ag and VWF:RCo were all less than 3％in the proband,and the multimeric analysis showed multimer deficiency.The proband was diagnosed as type 3 VWD.The homozygous nonsense mutation of VWF gene c.7332G＞A was detected by gene sequencing.The VWF mRNA level of the mutant plasmid was decreased,and the VWF protein expression in the cell supernatant was decreased,the mutant protein was truncated and the function of VWF multimerization was impaired.Conclusion:A homozygous mutation in exon 43 of VWF gene,c.7332G＞A,was responsible for the probands type 3 VWD in the proband.The mutation caused a decrease in the relative level of VWF mRNA and protein,and impaired the function of VWF multimerization.

Objective:To explore the correlation between serum ferritin(SF)levels and the efficacy of platelet transfusion in patients with malignant hematological diseases.Methods:Patients with malignant hematological diseases who received repeated transfusions of apheresis platelets in Department of Hematology of Aerospace Center Hospital in 2023 were selected.The platelet corrected count increment(CCI)was used to evaluate the efficacy of platelet transfusion.The correlations between sex,age,disease type,transplantation history,red blood cell transfusion history,and SF level and the efficacy of platelet transfusion were analyzed.Results:A total of 87 patients were included,with a cumulative 326 person-times platelet transfusions.As suggested by one-way analysis of variance,compared with the patients in the age groups of 24-45 years old and 46-66 years old,the patients in the age group of 2-23 years old had a better efficacy of platelet transfusion(P=0.004,P=0.004).There was no significant difference in the efficacy of platelet transfusion between the patients in the age group of 24-45 years old and those in the age group of 46-66 years old(P=0.876).Compared with the patients who had a history of red blood cell transfusion within 3 days,the patients without a history of red blood cell transfusion within 3 days had a better efficacy of platelet transfusion(P＜0.001).Compared with the groups with SF levels of 1.44-2.78 ng/L and＞2.78 ng/L,the group with SF levels＜1.44 ng/L had a better efficacy of platelet transfusion(P=0.028,P＜0.001).Compared with the group with SF levels＞2.78 ng/L,the group with SF levels of 1.44-2.78 ng/L had a better efficacy of platelet transfusion(P=0.001).After adjusting for age and the history of red blood cell transfusion,the transfusion efficacy of the group with SF levels＜1.44 ng/L was better than that of the groups with SF levels of 1.44-2.78 ng/L and＞2.78 ng/L(P=0.021,P＜0.001);Compared with the group with SF levels＞2.78 ng/L,the group with SF levels of 1.44-2.78 ng/L had a better efficacy of platelet transfusion(P=0.001).Both univariate and multivariate linear regression models showed that SF levels were negatively correlated with the efficacy of platelet transfusion(P＜0.001).Conclusion:There is a negative correlation between SF levels and the efficacy of platelet transfusion in patients with malignant hematological diseases.Detection of SF levels may provide guidance for predicting the efficacy of platelet transfusion.