The auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) gene family is an important regulator for plant growth hormone signaling, involved in plant growth, development, as well as response to environmental stresses. In the present study, we identified SmIAA7 which is potentially associated with Salvia miltiorrhiza leaf development through comparatively analyzed the transcriptome data from different pinnate leaves. SmIAA7 was successfully isolated from S. miltiorrhiza using the specific primers. Then subsequent bioinformatic analysis, prokaryotic expression and purification, subcellular localization, and induction expression analysis under auxin and abiotic stress were performed. The full-length of SmIAA7 contained an ORF of 684 bp encoding a protein of 227 amino acid with a molecular weight of 25.3 kD. Conserved domain analysis showed that SmIAA7 contains the conserved Aux_IAA domain (pfam02309). Sequence analysis and phylogenetic tree analysis results indicated SmIAA7 was phylogenetically close to IAA7 and IAA14 from other plants, suggesting SmIAA7 involved in plant growth and development as well as response to environmental stresses. The prokaryotic expression vector pET28a-SmIAA7 was constructed and SmIAA7 recombinant protein was successfully expressed in E. coli Rosetta (DE3) strain. Subcellular localization experiment demonstrated that SmIAA7 localized in the nucleus of plant cells. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR results showed that the expression level of SmIAA7 was upregulated in response to auxin. Drought, low temperature, and salt stress significantly increased the transcript level of SmIAA7 gene. This study lays a foundation for further elucidating the role of SmIAA7 in leaf development, signal transduction, and stress defense in S. miltiorrhiza.

This article systematically reviews the characteristics and trends of the writing, editing, publication and promotion of physiology textbooks in China from the late 19th century to the present, focusing on the introduction, development and innovation of Chinese physiology textbooks. The development of physiology textbooks in China is divided into four main stages: the introduction and initial development of physiology textbooks from the late 19th century to 1925; the localization and diversification of textbooks from 1926 to 1949, after the establishment of the Chinese Physiological Society; the exploratory phase of textbook construction after the founding of the People's Republic of China from 1949 to 1976; the formation and innovation of the textbook development process from 1977 to the present, following the restoration of the college entrance examination. For each phase, the article not only records the historical development of physiology textbooks, but also analyzes the evolution of their content, writing styles and the interaction with the social and political contexts. The article summarizes the characteristics and experiences of all these four phases. Special attention is given to the comprehensive statistical analysis of physiology textbooks published since the restoration of the college entrance examination and Economic Reform and Opening-up in 1977, revealing the changes in the number, publication trends and academic features of textbooks during this period. Finally, the article presets the future development of physiology textbooks in China, proposing that textbook writing should integrate aspects such as ideological and political education, medical humanities, basic and clinical medicine, health education, scientific research and international exchange and collaboration. The article also advocates for the application of new technologies and methods, such as artificial intelligence, virtual teaching models and knowledge graphs, to support "personalized learning". This research provides a systematic reference for the study of the history of medical education and offers theoretical support for the future innovation of physiology textbook in China.
Humans ; China ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Physiology/education* ; Textbooks as Topic/history*

Abelmoschi Corolla, the dried corolla of Abelmoschus manihot, has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-fibrosis activities. Its chemical constituents mainly include flavonoids, organic acids, steroids, and polysaccharides. This study reviewed the research progress in the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Abelmoschi Corolla in recent 20 years. According to the concept of quality marker(Q-marker), the Q-markers of Abelmoschi Corolla were predicted from plant phylogeny, chemical constituent specificity, traditional efficacy, chemical constituent measurability, and absorbed constituents. The primary Q-markers for Abelmoschi Corolla were anticipated to include quercetin-3'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, gossypetin-8-O-β-D-glucuronide, isoquercetin, myricetin,quercetin, and hyperoside, with the aim of providing reference data for improving the quality evaluation system of Abelmoschi Corolla.
Abelmoschus/chemistry* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Flowers/chemistry* ; Humans ; Animals ; Quality Control ; Flavonoids/chemistry*

A male full-term neonate was admitted at 30 minutes of life with pallor and 10 minutes of respiratory distress. Physical examination revealed pallor, increased intercanthal distance, low-set ears, a palpable cystic mass in the neck, hepatomegaly, a pedunculated, globular appendage attached to the right thumb, and an ectopic toenail on the right second toe. Laboratory testing showed severe anemia with hemoglobin of 44 g/L. Bone marrow examination demonstrated hypoplasia. Whole-exome sequencing identified a heterozygous pathogenic variant in the RPS19 gene, c.175T>C (p.Ser59Pro), establishing the diagnosis of Diamond-Blackfan anemia. On follow-up to 2 years and 2 months of age, both hemoglobin and reticulocyte counts remained within normal ranges. This case illustrates early-onset severe anemia in a neonate with genetically confirmed Diamond-Blackfan anemia and expands the phenotypic spectrum, informing clinical recognition and management.
Humans ; Anemia, Diamond-Blackfan/diagnosis* ; Male ; Infant, Newborn ; Ribosomal Proteins/genetics*

Acute lung injury (ALI) has been a kind of acute and severe disease that is mainly characterized by systemic uncontrolled inflammatory response to the production of huge amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the lung tissue. Given the critical role of ROS in ALI, a Fe₃O₄ loaded bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanocluster (BF) was developed to act as a nanomedicine for the treatment of ALI. Combining with NIR irradiation, it exhibited excellent ROS scavenging capacity. Significantly, it also displayed the excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions for lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced macrophages (RAW264.7), and Sprague Dawley rats via lowering intracellular ROS levels, reducing inflammatory factors expression levels, inducing macrophage M2 polarization, inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway, increasing CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T cell ratios, as well as upregulating HSP70 and CD31 expression levels to reprogram redox homeostasis, reduce systemic inflammation, activate immunoregulation, and accelerate lung tissue repair, finally achieving the synergistic enhancement of ALI immunotherapy. It finally provides an effective therapeutic strategy of BF + NIR for the management of inflammation related diseases.

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Functional dyspepsia (FD), characterized by persistent or recurrent dyspeptic symptoms without identifiable organic, systemic or metabolic causes, is an increasingly recognized global health issue. The objective of this guideline is to equip clinicians and nursing professionals with evidence-based strategies for the management and treatment of adult patients with FD using traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The Guideline Development Group consulted existing TCM consensus documents on FD and convened a panel of 35 clinicians to generate initial clinical queries. To address these queries, a systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP Database, China Biology Medicine (SinoMed) Database, Wanfang Database, Traditional Medicine Research Data Expanded (TMRDE), and the Traditional Chinese Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System (TCMLARS). The evidence from the literature was critically appraised using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. The strength of the recommendations was ascertained through a consensus-building process involving TCM and allopathic medicine experts, methodologists, pharmacologists, nursing specialists, and health economists, leveraging their collective expertise and empirical knowledge. The guideline comprises a total of 43 evidence-informed recommendations that span a range of clinical aspects, including the pathogenesis according to TCM, diagnostic approaches, therapeutic interventions, efficacy assessments, and prognostic considerations. Please cite this article as: Zhang SS, Zhao LQ, Hou XH, Bian ZX, Zheng JH, Tian HH, Yang GH, Hong WS, He YY, Liu L, Shen H, Li YP, Xie S, Shu J, Zeng BF, Li JX, Liu Z, Xiao ZH, Xiao JD, Zheng PY, Huang SG, Chen SL, Fei GJ. International clinical practice guideline on the use of traditional Chinese medicine for functional dyspepsia (2025). J Integr Med. 2025; 23(5):502-518.
Dyspepsia/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use*

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated enterocolitis is an immune-related adverse reaction during tumor treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors.In this article,we present the clinical data and ultrasound manifestations of a patient with immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated enterocolitis,aiming to share diagnostic and therapeutic insights.
Humans ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/adverse effects* ; Enterocolitis/chemically induced* ; Ultrasonography ; Male

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of pidomoide oral solution combined with budesonide suspension for inhalation in the treatment of recurrent respiratory tract infections(RRTIs)in children.Methods Children with recurrent respiratory tract infection were divided into control and treatment groups according to cohort methods.Control group was given the initial dose of pidotimod oral solution 400 mg bid,adjusted to 400 mg each time after 10 days of continuous treatment,qd;treatment group was given budesonide suspension for inhalation 0.5 mg atomized inhalation therapy on the basis of control group,bid;both groups were treated for 8 weeks.The disappearance time of clinical symptoms,humoral immunity[immunoglobulin G(IgG),immunoglobulin M(IgM),immunoglobulin A(IgA)],cytokine[human insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1),monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1),and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)]levels in the 2 groups were compared.The clinical efficacy of the children was evaluated and the incidence of adverse drug reactions was counted.Results A total of 47 cases were enrolled in the control group and 53 cases in the treatment group.The total clinical effective rate of treatment group and control group was 92.45％and 76.60％,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).After treatment,the difference of clinical symptom disappearance time between treatment group and control group was statistically significant(P＜0.05).After treatment,IgG levels in treatment group and control group were(11.26±0.85)and(10.92±0.69)g·L-1;IgM levels were(1.58±0.35)and(1.23±0.32)g·L-1;IgA levels were(1.57±0.24)and(1.36±0.30)g.L-1;IGF-1 levels were(149.67±25.81)and(130.24±24.73)μg·mL-1;MCP-1 levels were(71.35±11.89)and(99.36±12.27)pg·mL-1;COX-2 levels were(16.87±4.59)and(20.53±4.83)U·L-1.Compared with the control group,the above indexes in treatment group were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse drug reactions between treatment group and control group(11.32％vs 6.38％,P＞0.05).Conclusion Pidotimod oral solution combined with budesonide suspension for inhalation can significantly relieve the clinical symptoms of children with RRTIs,improve humoral immunity,improve clinical efficacy,and have high safety.

Objective To mine and analyze the adverse event data of polatuzumab vedotin(Pola)and fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki(T-Dxd),so as to provide reference for clinical medication safety.Methods The adverse events reported from January 1,2004 to June 7,2023 were extracted based on openFDA database.The suspicious risk signals were screened by the Open Vigil 2.1 data platform and ranked by signal strength and frequency of occurrence;then ADEs were classified by reference to the MedDRA 26.0.Results A total of 7 164 and 22 870 ADE reports related to Pola and T-Dxd were obtained,and 104 and 95 suspicious ADE signals were detected,respectively.According to the signal intensity,cytomegalovirus enterocolitis(ROR=416.94)for Pola and interstitial lung disease[reporting odds ratio(ROR)=82.55]for T-Dxd ranked first,both of which were recorded in the drug instructions.According to the frequency of occurrence,the two drugs were most frequently associated with death(n=111)and nausea(n=285),respectively.The risk of Pola was associated with 12 systems/organs,of which 26 risk signals were not documented in the drug instruction,and the risk of T-Dxd was associated with 13 systems/organs,of which 18 risk signals were not documented in the drug instruction.Conclusion By tapping the ADE after real-world administration of Pola and T-Dxd,physicians are prompted to pay attention to the risk of adverse reactions in clinical use and actively take preventive and therapeutic measures to ensure the safety of patients'medication.