Objective:To compare the prognostic performance of six trauma scoring systems—Injury Severity Score (ISS), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health EvaluationⅡ (APACHE Ⅱ), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), Prehospital Index (PHI), Revised Trauma Score (RTS), and the Circulation, Respiration, Abdomen, Motor, Speech (CRAMS) score—in predicting 28-day mortality among patients with severe trauma in Southwest China.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 479 patients with severe trauma admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University between January 2018 and October 2023. Inclusion criteria were: ① age ≥16 years; ② Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥16; ③ admission within 24 hours post-injury. Exclusion criteria included: ① severe underlying chronic conditions; ② burns or electrical injuries; ③ incomplete clinical data. Based on 28-day outcomes, patients were stratified into a survival group ( n=424) and a death group ( n=55). All patients received standardized resuscitation and damage control interventions. Prehospital scores (PHI, RTS, CRAMS) were recorded at admission. In-hospital scores (ISS, APACHE Ⅱ, SOFA) were calculated using the worst physiological parameters within the first 24 hours. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for group comparisons. Discriminative ability was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), with pairwise comparisons using DeLong's test. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to evaluate net clinical benefit. Results:The RTS and CRAMS scores were significantly higher in the survival group, whereas ISS, APACHE Ⅱ, SOFA, and PHI scores were significantly lower in the death group (all P<0.05). The AUC values for predicting 28-day mortality, in descending order, were: APACHE Ⅱ (0.917), RTS (0.897), SOFA (0.873), PHI (0.848), CRAMS (0.831), and ISS (0.708). No significant difference in AUC was found between APACHE Ⅱ and RTS ( P=0.325). DCA showed that across most decision thresholds, both APACHE Ⅱ and RTS provided greater net clinical benefit than "treat-all" or "treat-none" strategies and other scores. Conclusions:Among the six scoring systems, APACHE Ⅱ demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy for 28-day mortality in severe trauma patients, though its efficacy was comparable to RTS. DCA confirmed their superior clinical utility. A two-phase assessment strategy—using prehospital RTS for rapid triage followed by in-hospital APACHE Ⅱ for dynamic monitoring—is recommended to optimize clinical decision-making and improve patient outcomes in Southwest China.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models have been widely used to predict various stages of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. Models based on machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) can provide better ideas for the construction of PBPK models, which can accelerate the prediction speed and improve the prediction quality of PBPK. ML and AL can complement the advantages of PBPK model to accelerate the progress of drug research and development. This review introduces the application of machine learning and artificial intelligence in pharmacokinetics, summarizes the research progress of physiological pharmacokinetic models based on machine learning and artificial intelligence, and analyzes the limitations of machine learning and artificial intelligence applications and their application prospects and prospects.

The working principle and development of flexible semiconductor devices based on organic field effect transistor(OFET)technology were introduced.The current research status of OFET-based wearable flexible monitoring devices were reviewed,including biomechanical monitoring devices,tattoo biomonitoring devices and cellular detection devices and etc.The deficiencies of OFET-based wearable flexible monitoring devices were analyzed,and it's pointed out that miniaturization,personalization and diversification were the directions for the development of the future OFET-based wearable flexible moni-toring devices.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(1):93-100]

Objective: The study aims to explore the neural mechanism of cognitive differences in college students with posttraumatic stress disorder under verbal fluency task based on functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), so as to provide neuroimaging support for the evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD). Methods: Posttaumatic Stress Disorder Checklist Combat(PCL-C) was used to screen the subjects, including 21 students in PTSD group (PCL-C≥38) and 30 students in control group from September to Novenber in 2020. A 53 channel near infrared spectroscopy device was used to collect cerebral blood oxygen signals under the verbal fluency task, and correlation analysis, Mann Whitney U test and independent sample t test were performed on the results. Results: The difference in the total average score of PCL-C Scale between PTSD group and the control group(46.38±6.96，25.57±6.09) was statistically significant ( t=11.33, P <0.05). Correlation analysis showed that Avg-HbO in left dorsolateral prefrontal lobe was negatively correlated with PCL-C Score ( r=-0.37, P <0.05). Mann Whitney U test showed that in the left dorsolateral prefrontal lobe (Ch6), the Avg-HbO change in PTSD group [0.19(-0.09, 0.86)mmol/(L〖KG*7〗·mm)] was significantly lower than the control group [0.79( 0.37 , 1.47)mmol/(L ·mm)] ( Z=2.16, P <0.05), which was statistically significant. Conclusions The degree of PTSD was negatively correlated with the index of oxygenated hemoglobin in the left dorsolateral prefrontal lobe, and the oxygenated hemoglobin content in the PTSD group was lower than that in the normal group. In the future, fNIRS may be used to collect blood oxygen signals from the left dorsolateral prefrontal lobe in cognitive tasks to provide imaging evidence for the identification of PTSD.

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are widely used as fungicides and surfactants in daily products and disinfection products,and as additives in industrial process. The QACs can be deposited and accumulated in soil after long-term discharge. In the present study,based on ultrasonic-assisted extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UAE-LC-MS/MS) technique,a sensitive analytical method was developed for rapid analysis of 11 kinds of QACs,including 4 kinds of benzylalkyldimethylammonium compounds,4 kinds of alkyltrimethylammonium compounds,and 3 kinds of dialkyldimethylammonium compounds. The results showed that QACs in soil and sediment could be effectively extracted with 5％acetonitrile at 60℃. The 11 kinds of QACs were baseline-separated on a ZORBAX SB-C18 column coupled with ternary mobile phases (0.1％formic-water,0.1％formic-methanol and 0.1％formic-acetonitrile),showing excellent linear relationship in the range of 0.001-0.5μg/mL (R2>0.9776). The limits of detection were 0.01-0.31 ng/g (S/N=3). The recoveries of 11 kinds of QACs in soil samples were 78.7％-99.3％ with relative standard deviations (RSDs)<12.9％,showing acceptable recoveries and repeatability. The results indicated that QACs could be extracted and cleaned-up within 4 h using this analytical method,with small volume of organic solvent consumed and less consumables materials.

Objective To compare the hepatic lipid droplet metabolism in normal BKS-db/m mice and BKS-db/db mice,a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM),and to investigate the characteristics of hepatic lipid droplet metabolism and the molecular mechanisms underlying the imbalance of metabolic homeostasis at the level of lipid droplet synthesis and lipid droplet catabolism in db/db mice. Methods Eight SPF 8 weeks BKS-db/m and 8 BKS-db/db mice were used in this study. The lipid metabolism level was tested. Oil red and HE staining was used to evaluate the degree of liver lipid deposition,and immunofluorescence staining and Western blot was used to observe the level of hepatic lipid droplet catabolism and metabolism. Results The body weight,liver weight,liver index,FPG,AUC of the OGTT,AUC of the ITT,TG,TC,HDL-C,LDL-C,FFA and SREBP1 positive fluorescence area and nuclear translocation were higher in db/db group than in db/m group (P<0.05). The lipophagia level of primary hepatocytes was higher in db/db group than in db/m group (P<0.05). Compared with the db/m group,the expressions of SREBP1,SCD1,PLIN2,LC3,LAMP2A and ATGL protein increased(P<0.05),while the expression of p-ACC/ACC protein decreased in the db/db group(P<0.05). Conclusions Compared with normal mice,T2DM mice had dyslipidemiaand marked hepatocellular lipid deposition.Although lipid droplet lipolysis and lipophagy were enhanced and catabolism was significant,the lipid droplet metabolism was in a state of imbalance between synthesis and catabolism,and the synthesis of lipid droplets was greater than that of catabolism,which led to the aggregation of hepatocellular lipids.

Objective To compare the hepatic lipid droplet metabolism in normal BKS-db/m mice and BKS-db/db mice,a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM),and to investigate the characteristics of hepatic lipid droplet metabolism and the molecular mechanisms underlying the imbalance of metabolic homeostasis at the level of lipid droplet synthesis and lipid droplet catabolism in db/db mice. Methods Eight SPF 8 weeks BKS-db/m and 8 BKS-db/db mice were used in this study. The lipid metabolism level was tested. Oil red and HE staining was used to evaluate the degree of liver lipid deposition,and immunofluorescence staining and Western blot was used to observe the level of hepatic lipid droplet catabolism and metabolism. Results The body weight,liver weight,liver index,FPG,AUC of the OGTT,AUC of the ITT,TG,TC,HDL-C,LDL-C,FFA and SREBP1 positive fluorescence area and nuclear translocation were higher in db/db group than in db/m group (P<0.05). The lipophagia level of primary hepatocytes was higher in db/db group than in db/m group (P<0.05). Compared with the db/m group,the expressions of SREBP1,SCD1,PLIN2,LC3,LAMP2A and ATGL protein increased(P<0.05),while the expression of p-ACC/ACC protein decreased in the db/db group(P<0.05). Conclusions Compared with normal mice,T2DM mice had dyslipidemiaand marked hepatocellular lipid deposition.Although lipid droplet lipolysis and lipophagy were enhanced and catabolism was significant,the lipid droplet metabolism was in a state of imbalance between synthesis and catabolism,and the synthesis of lipid droplets was greater than that of catabolism,which led to the aggregation of hepatocellular lipids.

AIM: To investigate the effectiveness of panretinal photocoagulation(PRP)combined with intravitreal conbercept(IVC)for patients with different stages of proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).METHODS: Retrospective study. The medical records for 100 patients(100 eyes)with PDR treated with PRP combined with IVC from January 2018 to June 2020 were reviewed, including 34 eyes with early PDR(group A), 43 with high-risk PDR(group B), and 23 with fibrovascular PDR(group C). The baseline information, best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), central macular thickness(CMT), the rate of vitrectomy and retinal detachment of the patients in the three groups at 1, 3, 6mo and the last follow-up after combination treatment were observed.RESULTS: The patients were followed up for 14.60±11.64mo(6-52mo), with a mean age of 54.22 ±9.32 years. We found 15 eyes(15.0%)who underwent vitrectomy after the combination treatment. The vitrectomy rates of the three groups were 2.9% in group A, 13.9% in group B, and 34.7% in group C. We found no instances of retinal detachment after the treatments. Most patients demonstrated improved BCVA and CMT values with the treatments.CONCLUSION: PRP combined with IVC is safe and effective in patients with different PDR stages.