ObjectiveTo describe the prevalence and dynamic pain characteristics of dysmenorrhea among female medical students through a menstrual diary-based observational study. MethodsFrom April to June 2021, female students were recruited from a medical college in Shanghai to complete menstrual diaries and record dysmenorrhea-related characteristics for two menstrual cycles. Dysmenorrhea severity was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS) (no pain: 0; mild: 1‒3; moderate: 4‒6; severe: 7‒10). A total of 323 diaries were collected, of which 303 were 93.81% valid (valid response rate: 93.81%), covering 596 complete menstrual cycles. Among them, 293 participants completed diaries for two cycles and were included in the analysis of persistent dysmenorrhea. Period, point, and persistent prevalence of dysmenorrhea were calculated using the number of participants as the denominator. Paired comparisons were performed using Cochran’s Q test and Bonferroni-adjusted McNemar tests. Using menstrual cycles with dysmenorrhea as the unit of analysis, the distributions of pain onset, peak timing, and pain duration across different severities were compared using the χ² tests or Fisher’s precision probability tests. ResultsAmong 303 female college students, 269 experienced dysmenorrhea during the first recorded cycle, and 288 had dysmenorrhea in any cycle. Among 596 complete menstrual cycles recorded, 527 were associated with dysmenorrhea (88.42%), and among 293 students who completed 2 complete recorded cycles, 239 had persistent dysmenorrhea. The period, point, and persistent prevalence of dysmenorrhea among female college students were 95.05% (288/303), 88.78% (269/303), and 81.57% (239/293), respectively (Q=61.61, P<0.001). The prevalence of persistently severe dysmenorrhea was 5.12% (15/293). Among the 527 dysmenorrheic cycles, there were statistically significant differences in the distribution of pain onset time (P=0.003) and pain duration (P<0.001) among different degrees of dysmenorrhea; mild dysmenorrhea mostly started on the first day of menstruation (52.83%), and moderate dysmenorrhea mostly started before menstruation (50.19%). Pain duration increased with severity; the proportions of cycles with pain lasting ≥4 days were 13.20%, 43.03%, and 51.56% for mild, moderate, and severe dysmenorrhea cycles, respectively. For all severity groups, mean pain scores peaked on the first day of menstruation and then decreased day by day to a stable level. ConclusionDysmenorrhea is highly prevalent among female medical students, and differences exist across pain severity levels in onset time, duration, and dynamic changes in pain. Identification and health guidance for those with persistently moderate-to-severe dysmenorrhea should be strengthened, and medical evaluation should be conducted when necessary.

A nodule in the right middle lobe of the lung was treated by a combination of cone-beam CT,three-dimensional registration for fusion imaging,and electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy-guided thermal ablation.The procedure lasted for 90 min,with no significant bleeding observed under the bronchoscope.The total radiation dose during the operation was 384 mGy.The patient recovered well postoperatively,with only a small amount of blood in the sputum and no pneumothorax or other complications.A follow-up chest CT on the first day post operation showed that the ablation area completely covered the lesion,and the patient was discharged successfully.
Humans ; Bronchoscopy/methods* ; Catheter Ablation/methods* ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Electromagnetic Phenomena ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Lung Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Foodborne illnesses caused by Salmonella pose significant threats to worldwide public health safety.In this study,a rapid method for screening viable Salmonella in oyster sauce and milk was developed by utilizing an electronic microbial growth analyzer(EMGA).Target food samples were diluted 10-fold with RVS broth and loaded into test tubes.Test tubes were positioned in the EMGA to determine the bacterial growth curves and the time required to reach the maximum growth rate(Tmgr).Using Salmonella typhimurium(S.typhimurium)asan model species,there was linear relationship between the logarithmic value of viable bacterial concentration(lgC)and Tmgr over the range of 5×101-5×106 CFU/mL,with a detection limit of 10 CFU/mL.For oyster sauce,the regression equation was Tmgr(min)=-80.775lg[C/(CFU/mL)]+754.96(R2=0.9907),and the recovery rates of S.typhimurium ranged from 95.2%to 119.8%,with relative standard deviations(RSD)ranging from 3.5%to 16.3%.For milk,the regression equation was Tmgr(min)=-71.922 lg[C/(CFU/mL)]+618.65(R2=0.9985),with recovery rates ranging from 98.4%to 110.6%and RSD ranging from 6.4%to 12.8%.The EMGA method required only one portable instrument,and involving only three manual steps,i.e.,dilution,transfer,and insertion.When S.typhimurium contamination reached 106 CFU/mL,the total time consumption,from the unwrapping of samples to the readout of bacterial concentration,was no more than 7 h.When applied to detection of actual oyster sauce and milk samples,the new method demonstrated strong consistency with plate counting results in positive detection rates.This method was superior to the plate counting method,which was generally considered as a gold standard,in terms of accuracy,precision,simplicity and efficiency,representing a promising alternative for the on-site screening and quantification of viable Salmonella in oyster sauce and milk products.

Purpose To characterize the clinicopathological features of gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors(GMTs)resected via endoscopic techniques.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 495 cases of endo-scopically resected GMTs.Clinical information,histomorphological findings,immunohistochemical profiles,and mo-lecular characteristics were reviewed.Results The cohort included 495 patients aged 20-78 years(median:53 years).The majority of tumors were located in the stomach(58.8％)and esophagus(36.8％).Histologically,most tumors consisted of spindle cells,with a minority composed of epithelioid cells;fibrocollagenous or myxoid stroma was occasionally observed.Immunohistochemically,leiomyomas showed diffuse positivity for α-SMA(98.8％)and desmin(99.3％),gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)expressed CD117(99.4％),DOG1(97.6％),and CD34(97.0％),and schwannomas were positive for S-100(93.7％).The predominant tumor types were leiomyomas(54.1％)and GISTs(33.7％),while the remaining 12.2％comprised other rare types.Various endoscopic resection techniques were employed based on the tumors' anatomical depth,including endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD,40.5％),submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection(STER,17.1％),endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR,16.5％),endoscopic full-thickness resection(EFTR,13.9％),and endoscopic submucosal excavation(ESE,12.0％).EMR and ESD were primarily used for superficial lesions,while deeper tumors with were more often treated with STER,EFTR,and ESE.The rate of negative resection margins was lower in GISTs(72.2％)and other tumors with indistinct margins,compared to leiomyomas(92.6％)and those with well-defined boundaries.Conclusion Leiomyomas and GISTs are the most common gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors resected via endoscopy.A variety of resection techniques are applicable depending on tumor location and depth.Accurate pathological diagnosis should be based on HE morphology,supplemented by endoscopic findings,margin status,immunohistochemistry,and necessary molecular tests.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of action of epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG)in the treatment of experimental metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH),and to provide a basis for clinical development and application.Methods A total of 32 experimental C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal diet group(Con group with 8 mice)and model group with 24 mice.The mice in the model group were given a high-trans fatty acid high-carbohydrate(HFHC)diet for 24 weeks to establish a model of MASH,and at the end of week 24,the mice in the model group were further divided into HFHC group,EGCG treatment group(100 mg·kg-1·d-1),and obeticholic acid treatment group(10 mg·kg-1·d-1),with 8 mice in each group.After 6 weeks of treatment,samples were collected to observe the general conditions of mice;the content of triglycerides(TG)and hydroxyproline in liver tissue and the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)were measured;HE staining,oil red O staining,and picrosirius red staining were used to observe liver histopathological changes.In the in vitro experiment,L02 cells were induced with free fatty acid(FFA)to establish a model of lipid deposition,and the cells were divided into Con group,FFA group,and EGCG group.The content of TG in cells was measured,as well as the results of oil red O staining and the relative mRNA expression levels of TNF-α,CCL2,and CXCL10.The transcriptomics technique was used to identify differentially expressed genes between the Con group,the HFHC group,and the EGCG group and perform the GSEA analysis,and pathways with a P-adjust value of<0.05 that were associated with MASH were further classified into metabolism-related pathways and inflammation-related pathways.The specific signaling pathways in each category were ranked based on the degree of enrichment,and key genes in the top three pathways were verified by PCR in vivo.Key genes in the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway were verified by Western blotting.A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data with homogeneity of variance between multiple groups,and the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups.Results Compared with the HFHC group,the EGCG group had significant reductions in the content of TG in liver tissue(P<0.05)and the serum levels of ALT and AST(P<0.05).Oil red O staining showed significant alleviation of hepatocyte fatty degeneration in the EGCG group,HE staining showed that EGCG effectively alleviated inflammation,and picrosirius red staining showed a significant reduction in the number of fibrous tissue after EGCG treatment.There was a significant reduction in the content of hydroxyproline in liver tissue after EGCG intervention(P<0.01).Cell experiments showed that compared with the FFA group,the EGCG group had a significant reduction in the content of TG,and oil red O staining showed the disappearance of lipid droplets in the EGCG group compared with the FFA group,with significant reductions in the relative mRNA expression levels of the inflammatory factors TNF-α,CCL2,and CXCL10(all P<0.01).The transcriptomics analysis identified 230 differentially expressed genes between the HFHC group and the EGCG group,among which there were 108 upregulated genes and 122 downregulated genes.EGCG significantly reduced the levels of the key proteins TLR4,NLRP3,and IL-1β in the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway in liver tissue(all P<0.05).Conclusion EGCG can significantly alleviate lipid deposition,inflammation,and fibrosis in the mouse model of MASH and improve lipid deposition and inflammatory injury in L02 cells,possibly by regulating the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute infectious respiratory disease that has been prevalent since December 2019. Chinese medicine (CM) has demonstrated its unique advantages in the fight against COVID-19 in the areas of disease prevention, improvement of clinical symptoms, and control of disease progression. This review summarized the relevant material components of CM in the treatment of COVID-19 by searching the relevant literature and reports on CM in the treatment of COVID-19 and combining with the physiological and pathological characteristics of the novel coronavirus. On the basis of sorting out experimental methods in vivo and in vitro, the mechanism of herb action was further clarified in terms of inhibiting virus invasion and replication and improving related complications. The aim of the article is to explore the strengths and characteristics of CM in the treatment of COVID-19, and to provide a basis for the research and scientific, standardized treatment of COVID-19 with CM.
Humans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects* ; COVID-19/therapy* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods* ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology* ; Animals

OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy and safety of Juan Bi Pill (JBP) in treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: From February 2017 to May 2018, 115 participants from 4 centers were randomly divided into JBP group (57 cases) and placebo group (58 cases) in a 1:1 ratio using a random number table method. Participants received a dose of JBP (4 g, twice a day, orally) combined with methotrexate (MTX, 10 mg per week) or placebo (4 g, twice a day, orally) combined with MTX for 12 weeks. Participants were required with follow-up visits at 24 and 48 weeks, attending 7 assessment visits. Participants were undergo disease activity assessment 7 times (at baseline and 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 weeks) and safety assessments 6 times (at baseline and 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 weeks). The primary endpoint was 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28-ESR and DAS28-CRP). The secondary endpoints included American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for 20% and 50% improvement (ACR20/50), Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI), clinical disease activity index (CDAI), visual analog scale (VAS), Short Form-36 (SF-36) score, Medial Outcomes Study (MOS) sleep scale score, serum erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), tender joint count, swollen joint count, and morning stiffness. The adverse reactions were observed during the treatment. RESULTS: After 12 weeks of treatment, DAS28-ESR and DAS28-CRP scores in both groups were lower than before treatment (both P<0.01), while the remission rate of DAS28-ESR and DAS28-CRP and low disease activity of JBP group were higher than those in the placebo group (both P<0.01). JBP demonstrated better efficacy on ACR20 and ACR50 compliance rate at 12 and 48 weeks comparing to placebo (all P<0.05). The CDAI and HAQ-DI score, pain VAS and global VAS change of RA patients and physicians, the serum ESR and CRP levels, and the number of tenderness and swelling joints were lower than before treatment at 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 weeks in both groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while the reduction of above indices in the JBP group was more obvious than those in the placebo group at 12 weeks (ESR and CRP, both P<0.05) or at 12 and 48 weeks (all P<0.01). There was no difference in adverse reactions between the 2 groups during treatment (P=0.75). CONCLUSION JBP combined with MTX could effectively reduce disease activity in patients with RA in active stage, reduce the symptoms of arthritis, and improve the quality of life, while ensuring safety, reliability, and fewer adverse effects. (Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, No. NCT02885597).
Humans ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy* ; Methotrexate/adverse effects* ; Female ; Double-Blind Method ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/adverse effects* ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Adult ; Antirheumatic Agents/adverse effects* ; Aged

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL), a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, is classified as an independent subtype of extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in the 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification (Turner et al., 2010). The 5th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO 2022) classification of hematolymphoid tumors retains this subtype (Alaggio et al., 2022). IVLBCL, which is characterized by neoplastic lymphocyte proliferation within the lumen of small blood vessels, tends to invade organs, such as the nervous system, skin, bone marrow (BM), and lung (D'Angelo et al., 2019; Satoh et al., 2019; Vásquez et al., 2019; Fukami et al., 2020).
Humans ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use* ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy* ; Vascular Neoplasms/therapy*