Aim To explore the effects of Huannao Yicong decoction(HYD)on the learning and memory ability and brain iron metabolism in APP/PS1 mice and the correlation of HAMP knockout mice and APP/PS1 double transgenic model mice.Methods The ex-periment was divided into five groups,namely,HAMP-/-group(6-month HAMP gene knockout mice),APP/PS1 group(6-month APP/PS1-double-transgenic mice),HAMP-/-+HYD,APP/PS1+HYD,and negative control group(6-month C57BL/6J mice),with six mice in each group.The dose was ad-ministered(13.68 g·kg-1 weight),and the other groups received distilled water for gavage once a day for two months.After the administration of the drug,the mice in each group were tested for learning and memory in the Morris water maze;Biochemical detec-tion was performed to detect iron ion content in each mouse brain;Western blot and RT-qPCR were carried out to analyze hippocampal transferrin(TF),transfer-rin receptor1(TFR1),membrane iron transporter1(FPN1)divalent metal ion transporter 1(DMT1)and β-amyloid protein(Aβ)protein and mRNA expression levels in each group.Results Compared with the normal group,both HAMP-/-mice and APP/PS1 mice had reduced the learning and memory capacity,in-creased iron content in brain tissue,Aβ protein ex-pression increased in hippocampus of HAMP-/-group and APP/PS1 group mice(P＜0.01),the protein and mRNA expression of TF,TFR1 and DMT1 increased in hippocampal tissues of HAMP-/-and APP/PS1 groups(P＜0.01),and the FPN1 protein and mRNA expres-sion decreased(P＜0.01).Compared with the HAMP-and APP/PS1 groups,respectively,HAMP-/-+HYD group and APP/PS1+HYD group had improved learning and memory ability,decreased iron content,decreased Aβ protein expression(P＜0.01),decreased TF,TFR1,DMT1 protein and mR-NA expression(P＜0.01),and increased expression of FPN1 protein and mRNA(P＜0.01).Conclusions There is some association between HAMP-/-mice and APP/PS1 mice,HYD can improve the learning and memory ability of HAMP-/-and APP/PS1 mice and reduce the Aβ deposition.The mechanism may be related to the regulation of TF,TFR1,DMT1,FPN1 expression and improving brain iron overload.

In the progression of end-stage liver disease,the incidence of sleep disorders in patients with liver cirrhosis is high.Currently,western medicine treatment has obvious liver and kidney damage and adverse reactions after discontinuation,which affects the therapeutic effect.Cirrhosis and sleep disorders can be separately attributed to the category of"abdominal mass"and"insomnia"in traditional Chinese medicine.The"abdominal mass"is caused by the disorder of liver and spleen qi movement,as well as the obstruction of phlegm-dampness and blood stasis.In the development of"abdominal mass",the liver failed in ensuring free movement of qi,the spleen failed in transportation and transformation,liver yin and liver blood became insufficiency and the imbalance of yin and yang in the zang-fu organs became imbalanced,and then the ethereal soul depart from the housing,which leads to"insomnia"as an outward manifestation.Professor ZHOU Xiao-Zhou focuses on the concept of qi and blood,and points out that the pathogenesis of sleep disorder in cirrhosis is characterized by liver stagnation and spleen deficiency.He proposed that the treatment principle is to regulate the liver and spleen simultaneously,as well as to nourish the heart and calm the mind.Professor ZHOU has developed Ganyinghua Anshen Formula for treating sleep disorders in cirrhosis,which is derived from the modification of Xiangsha Liujunzi Decoction,and is composed of 14 Chinese medicines of vinegar-prepared Cyperi Rhizoma,Amomi Fructus,Coicis Semen,Dioscoreae Rhizoma,bran-fried Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum,Gardeniae Fructus,Codonopsis Radix,Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium,Sclerotium Poriae Pararadicis,Longan Arillus,Albiziae Cortex,and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle.The formula has achieved remarkable clinical effect.The clinical experience of Professor ZHOU Xiao-Zhou for treating sleep disorders in cirrhosis through regulating the liver and spleen simultaneously will provide a reference for its clinical treatment with traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective: To study the diagnostic value of different detection markers in histological categories of endocervical adenocarcinoma (ECA), and their assessment of patient prognosis. Methods: A retrospective study of 54 patients with ECA in the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from 2005-2010 were performed. The cases of ECA were classified into two categories, namely human papillomavirus-associated adenocarcinoma (HPVA) and non-human papillomavirus-associated adenocarcinoma (NHPVA), based on the 2018 international endocervical adenocarcinoma criteria and classification (IECC). To detect HR-HPV DNA and HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA in all patients, we used whole tissue section PCR (WTS-PCR) and HPV E6/E7 mRNA in situ hybridization (ISH) techniques, respectively. Additionally, we performed Laser microdissection PCR (LCM-PCR) on 15 randomly selected HR-HPV DNA-positive cases to confirm the accuracy of the above two assays in identifying ECA lesions. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the efficacy of markers to identify HPVA and NHPVA. Univariate and multifactorial Cox proportional risk model regression analyses were performed for factors influencing ECA patients' prognoses. Results: Of the 54 patients with ECA, 30 were HPVA and 24 were NHPVA. A total of 96.7% (29/30) of HPVA patients were positive for HR-HPV DNA and 63.3% (19/30) for HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA, and 33.3% (8/24) of NHPVA patients were positive for HR-HPV DNA and HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA was not detected (0/24), and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). LCM-PCR showed that five patients were positive for HR-HPV DNA in the area of glandular epithelial lesions and others were negative, which was in good agreement with the E6/E7 mRNA ISH assay (Kappa=0.842, P=0.001). Analysis of the ROC results showed that the AUC of HR-HPV DNA, HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA, and p16 to identify HPVA and NHPVA were 0.817, 0.817, and 0.692, respectively, with sensitivities of 96.7%, 63.3%, and 80.0% and specificities of 66.7%, 100.0%, and 58.3%, respectively. HR-HPV DNA identified HPVA and NHPVA with higher AUC than p16 (P=0.044). The difference in survival rates between HR-HPV DNA (WTS-PCR assay) positive and negative patients was not statistically significant (P=0.156), while the difference in survival rates between HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA positive and negative patients, and p16 positive and negative patients were statistically significant (both P<0.05). Multifactorial Cox regression analysis showed that International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) staging (HR=19.875, 95% CI: 1.526-258.833) and parametrial involvement (HR=14.032, 95% CI: 1.281-153.761) were independent factors influencing the prognosis of patients with ECA. Conclusions: HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA is more reflective of HPV infection in ECA tissue. The efficacy of HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA and HR-HPV DNA (WTS-PCR assay) in identifying HPVA and NHPVA is similar, with higher sensitivity of HR-HPV DNA and higher specificity of HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA. HR-HPV DNA is more effective than p16 in identifying HPVA and NHPVA. HPV E6/E7 mRNA and p16 positive ECA patients have better survival rates than negative.
Female ; Humans ; Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology* ; Prognosis ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral/genetics* ; Human Papillomavirus Viruses ; Adenocarcinoma/pathology* ; RNA, Messenger/genetics* ; Papillomaviridae/genetics* ; RNA, Viral/genetics*

Objective:To explore the feasibility of smart phone real-time picture exchange-assisted telecytopathology for rapid on-site evaluation (tele-ROSE), and the role of tele-ROSE in improving the diagnostic efficiency of endoscopic physicians.Methods:Data of patients who underwent endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) from April 2020 to May 2021 in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University were retrospectively collected. Patients who didn't receive ROSE from April 2020 to October 2020 were enrolled in the non-ROSE group, and those who underwent ROSE from November 2020 to May 2021 were enrolled in the ROSE group, of which endosonographers used WeChat on the smartphone to send ROSE images to cytopathologists from November 2020 to March 2021 were the mobile phone group, and those whose ROSE results independently diagnosed by trained endosonographers from April 2021 to May 2021 were the self-ROSE group. Basic information, ROSE results, postoperative pathology and follow-up were compared, and the diagnostic effectiveness of tele-ROSE was analyzed.Results:A total of 188 cases were included, of which 179 cases (95.2%) were solid pancreatic lesions and 9 (4.8%) were enterocoelia lesions. There was no significant difference in the puncture time among the non-ROSE, mobile phone and self-ROSE groups [3 (3, 4) VS 3 (3, 4) VS 3 (2, 4), H=1.320, P=0.517]. With the final diagnosis as the golden standard, the sensitivity, the specificity, the accuracy, the positive predictive value, the negative predictive value and Kappa value of the non-ROSE group were 80.6% (58/72), 89.5% (17/19), 82.4% (75/91), 96.7% (58/60), 54.8% (17/31), and 0.6 respectively. The corresponding indices in the ROSE group were 97.4% (74/76), 100.0% (21/21), 97.9% (95/97), 100.0% (74/74), 91.3% (21/23), and 0.9 respectively, those of the mobile phone group were 95.2% (40/42), 100.0% (10/10), 96.2% (50/52), 100.0% (40/40), 83.3% (10/12), and 0.9 respcetively, and those of the self-ROSE group were 100.0% (34/34), 100.0% (11/11), 100.0% (45/45), 100.0% (34/34), 100.0% (11/11), and 1.0 respectively. The sensitivity ( P=0.002), the accuracy ( P=0.001) and the negative predictive value ( P=0.009) of the ROSE group were significantly higher than those of the non-ROSE group, and there was no significant difference in other diagnostic efficacy indices ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference between the mobile phone group and the self-ROSE group in diagnostic efficacy ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Instant smartphone-assisted tele-ROSE through WeChat can well meet the needs of pathologists and endoscopic physicians. After the application of tele-ROSE training, the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic physicians is equivalent to that of cytopathologist, which helps to obtain more sufficient specimens under endoscopy and improve the diagnostic accuracy of EUS-FNA.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the central government-funded echinococcosis control programme in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province from 2007 to 2022, so as to provide insights into echinococcosis control. Methods Administrative villages were sampled using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method from Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province from 2007 to 2022, and all residents at ages of 12 years and older in the sampled villages were screened for echinococcosis, and schools were sampled using a cluster sampling method, and all children at ages of 12 years and older in the sampled schools were screened for echinococcosis. Domestic dogs were sampled using a systematic random sampling method, and one domestic dog stool sample was collected from each household. Stray dog stool samples were collected outside the villages, and Echinococcus coproantigens were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in domestic and stray dogs. In addition, echinococcosis was screened in sheep and cattle in designated slaughterhouses in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County. The trends in the prevalence of echinococcosis in humans and livestock and the positive rate of Echinococcus coproantigens in dogs were examined with the Cochran-Armitage trend test. In addition, individuals screened for echinococcosis were randomly sampled from 2007 to 2022 for survey on the awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge. Results A total of 290 356 person-times were screened for echinococcosis among residents at ages of 12 years and older in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province from 2007 to 2022, with 1 094 residents detected with cystic echinococcosis, and the detection of echinococcosis appeared a tendency towards a gradual decline over years (χ² = 358.602, P < 0.001). A total of 32 931 person-times were screened for echinococcosis among children at ages of 12 years and older in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province from 2007 to 2022, with 296 children detected with echinococcosis, and the detection of echinococcosis appeared a tendency towards a gradual decline over years (χ² = 267.673, P < 0.001). A total of 33 230 domestic dog stool samples were tested for Echinococcus coproantigens in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province from 2007 to 2022, with 1 777 Echinococcus coproantigens-positive samples tested, and the positive rate of Echinococcus coproantigens appeared a tendency towards a decline in domestic dogs over years (χ² = 2 210.428, P < 0.001), while the positive rate of Echinococcus coproantigens showed a tendency towards a rise in domestic animals from 2016 to 2022 (χ² = 37.745, P < 0.001). The positive rate of Echinococcus coproantigens remained relatively stable in stray dogs in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province from 2019 to 2022 (χ² = 0.315, P = 0.575). A total of 10 973 sheep were screened for echinococcosis in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County from 2007 to 2022, with 334 sheep detected with echinococcosis, and the detection of echinococcosis appeared a tendency towards a decline in sheep over years (χ² = 53.579, P < 0.001); however, there was no significant change in the detection of echinococcosis during the period from 2015 through 2022 (χ² = 1.520, P = 0.218). A total of 2 400 cattle were screened for echinococcosis in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County from 2017 to 2022, with 231 cattle detected with echinococcosis, and the detection of echinococcosis showed a tendency towards a decline over years (χ² = 5.579, P < 0.05). The awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge increased from 44.37% in 2007 to 94.00% in 2022 among residents at ages of 12 years and older and from 52.50% in 2007 to 92.50% in 2022 among children at ages of 12 years and older in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, respectively. Conclusions There has been a reduction in the detection of echinococcosis in humans and domestic animals and the positive rate of Echinococcus coproantigens in dogs and a rise in the awareness of the echinococcosis control knowledge following the implementation of the central government-funded echinococcosis control programme in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province; however, integrated echinococcosis control measures are still required for further control of the prevalence of echinococcosis.

Both anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease and the anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) are common causes of pulmonary-renal syndrome. Organizing pneumonia (OP), a special pattern of interstitial lung disease, is extremely rare either in AAV or anti-GBM disease. We report an old woman presented with OP on a background of co-presentation with both ANCA and anti-GBM antibodies.
Female ; Humans ; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic ; Organizing Pneumonia ; Autoantibodies ; Glomerulonephritis ; Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease ; Pneumonia ; Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis/complications*

This study aimed to explore the mechanism of Zhongfeng Xingnao Decoction(ZFXN) in intervening microcirculatory di-sorders in cerebral hemorrhage by network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. The information on the components of ZFXN was obtained through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP) database, and the predicted targets of chemical components were obtained from PubChem and SwissTargetPrediction. The relevant targets of cerebral hemorrhage and microcirculatory disorders were collected from the GeneCards database, and the common targets of the components and diseases were analyzed by the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery(DAVID) for Gene Ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) enrichment analyses. Visualization of the correlation network was carried out using Cytoscape software to further screen important chemical components for molecular docking prediction with disease targets. The animal experiment validation was performed using modified neurological severity score(mNSS), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR), immunofluorescence, and Western blot to detect the effects of ZFXN intervention in mice with cerebral hemorrhage. The results showed that there were 31 chemical components and 856 targets in the four drugs contained in ZFXN, 173 targets for microcirculatory disorders in cerebral hemorrhage, and 57 common targets for diseases and components. The enrichment analysis showed that common targets were mainly involved in biological processes, such as cell proliferation and apoptosis, and signaling pathways, such as tumor pathway, viral infection, phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway, and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathway. Molecular docking results revealed that the common components β-sitosterol of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, and Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra showed good docking with proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase(SRC), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3), phosphoinositide-3-kinase catalytic alpha polypeptide gene(PIK3CA), recombinant protein tyrosine phosphatase non receptor type 11(PTPN11), AKT1, epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR), calcium adhesion-associated protein beta 1(CTNNB1), vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA), and tumor protein p53(TP53). Moreover, sennoside E of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma showed good docking with MAPK1. The results revealed that the ZFXN relieved the neural injury in mice with cerebral hemorrhage, decreased the expression of S100 calcium-binding protein B(S100β), neuron specific enolase(NSE), matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP9), tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α), interleukin 1β(IL-1β), SRC, EGFR, CTNNB1, VEGFA, TP53, glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP), and leukocyte differentiation antigen 86(CD86), and increased the expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and zona occludens 1(ZO-1). The results indicate that ZFXN may inhibit neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory response through PI3K/AKT/p53 pathway to protect the blood-brain barrier, thereby slowing down microcirculatory impairment in cerebral hemorrhage.
Animals ; Mice ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Network Pharmacology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Microcirculation ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; ErbB Receptors ; Cerebral Hemorrhage/drug therapy* ; Neoplasms ; Phosphatidylinositols ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology*

Objective: To analyze the safety and efficacy of combined left atrial appendage (LAA) and patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure in adult atrial fibrillation (AF) patients complicating with PFO. Methods: This study is a retrospective and cross-sectional study. Seven patients with AF complicated with PFO diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in Zhoupu Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences from June 2017 to October 2020 were selected. Basic data such as age, gender and medical history were collected. The atrial septal defect or PFO occluder and LAA occluder were selected according to the size of PFO, the ostia width and depth of LAA. Four patients underwent left atrial appendage closure(LAAC) and PFO closure at the same time. PFO closure was performed during a one-stop procedure of cryoablation combined with LAAC in 2 patients. One patient underwent PFO closure at 10 weeks after one-stop procedure because of recurrent transient ischemic attack (TIA). All patients continued to take oral anticoagulants. TEE was repeated 8-12 weeks after intervention. In case of device related thrombus(DRT), TEE shall be rechecked 6 months after adjusting anticoagulant and antiplatelet drug treatment. Patients were follow-up at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 months by telephone call, and the occurrence of cardio-cerebrovascular events was recorded. Results: Among the 7 patients with AF, 2 were male, aged (68.0±9.4) years, and 3 had a history of recurrent cerebral infarction and TIA. Average PFO diameter was (3.5±0.8)mm. Three patients were implanted with Watchman LAA occluder (30, 30, 33 mm) and atrial septal defect occluder (8, 9, 16 mm). 2 patients were implanted with LAmbre LAA occluder (34/38, 18/32 mm) and PFO occluder (PF1825, PF2525). 2 patients were implanted with LACbes LAA occluder (24, 28 mm) and PFO occluder (PF2525, PF1825) respectively. The patients were followed up for 12 (11, 24) months after operation. TEE reexamination showed that the position of LAA occluder and atrial septal defect occluder or PFO occluder was normal in all patients. DRT was detected in 1 patient, and anticoagulant therapy was adjusted in this patient. 6 months later, TEE showed that DRT disappeared. No cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events occurred in all patients with AF during follow-up. Conclusions: In AF patients complicated with PFO, LAAC combined with PFO closure may have good safety and effectiveness.
Adult ; Aged ; Atrial Appendage/surgery* ; Atrial Fibrillation/surgery* ; Cardiac Catheterization/methods* ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Foramen Ovale, Patent/surgery* ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

Overweight/obesity has become one of the major public health problems among children and adolescents all over the world. The current screening standards for overweight and obesity in children and adolescents are not unified. It is easy to make mistakes and inefficient to evaluate item by item or develop self-written packages. Taking the"Screening standards for overweight and obesity in Chinese school-age children and adolescents"as an example, this study introduced four methods and procedures for evaluating overweight and obesity among children and adolescents from the world and China and described their application methods in combination with specific cases. At the same time, the SPSS and SAS packages were compiled and the specific application steps were explained, so that users could correctly and quickly screen overweight and obesity among children and adolescents, and conduct horizontal comparisons of similar studies across different regions.
Adolescent ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; China ; Humans ; Overweight ; Pediatric Obesity/diagnosis* ; Prevalence

Objective: To analyze the trend of child and adolescent mortality rate in China from 2004 to 2018 and explore the possible policy effects. Methods: This study used the mortality data of child and adolescent aged 5 to 19 years from 2004 to 2018 based on the National Disease Surveillance System. Age-standardized mortality rate was calculated by using the population from the sixth national census. Joinpoint regression was used to analyze the trend of child and adolescent mortality with different features from 2004 to 2018. Results: From 2004 to 2018, the overall mortality rate of children and adolescents in China dropped from 40.02 per 100 000 to 22.00 per 100 000, and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) was -4.28 (95%CI:-5.35,-3.20,P<0.001). The mortality rate dropped rapidly from 2004 to 2006, and the annual percentage change (APC) was -9.20 (95%CI:-15.63,-2.28,P=0.017). The decline rate slowed down between 2006 and 2013, and the APC was -1.56 (95%CI:-2.78,-0.33,P=0.020). The downward trend accelerated from 2013 to 2018, and the APC was -5.99 (95%CI:-7.52,-4.43,P<0.001). The trend of child mortality rate in rural area, females, eastern provinces of China, children aged 10 to 14 years, children aged 15 to 19 years, and injury mortality rate were basically consistent with the overall trend. The child mortality rate in urban area, central provinces of China and the mortality rate of infectious diseases, maternal and infant, and nutritional deficiencies diseases showed a uniform downward trend from 2004 to 2018, with AAPC values about -3.59 (95%CI:-4.38,-2.78,P<0.001), -2.89 (95%CI:-3.24,-2.54,P<0.001) and -6.66 (95%CI:-7.64,-5.68,P<0.001), respectively. Conclusion: The mortality rate of children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 years in China continues to decline from 2004 to 2018, and the decline rate becomes faster after 2011.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child Mortality ; Child, Preschool ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Mortality ; Policy ; Rural Population ; Urban Population ; Young Adult