OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the application value of genetic newborn screening (gNBS) in the Yunnan region. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted with a random selection of 3 001 newborns born in the Yunnan region from February to December 2021. Traditional newborn screening (tNBS) was used to test biochemical indicators, and targeted next-generation sequencing was employed to screen 159 genes related to 156 diseases. Positive-screened newborns underwent validation and confirmation tests, and confirmed cases received standardized treatment and long-term follow-up. RESULTS: Among the 3 001 newborns, 166 (5.53%) were initially positive for genetic screening, and 1 435 (47.82%) were genetic carriers. The top ten genes with the highest variation frequency were GJB2 (21.29%), DUOX2 (7.27%), HBA (6.14%), GALC (3.63%), SLC12A3 (3.33%), HBB (3.03%), G6PD (2.94%), SLC25A13 (2.90%), PAH (2.73%), and UNC13D (2.68%). Among the initially positive newborns from tNBS and gNBS, 33 (1.10%) and 47 (1.57%) cases were confirmed, respectively. A total of 48 (1.60%) cases were confirmed using gNBS+tNBS. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that the areas under the curve for tNBS, gNBS, and gNBS+tNBS in diagnosing diseases were 0.866, 0.982, and 0.968, respectively (P<0.05). DeLong's test showed that the area under the curve for gNBS and gNBS+tNBS was higher than that for tNBS (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS gNBS can expand the range of disease detection, and its combined use with tNBS can significantly shorten diagnosis time, enabling early intervention and treatment.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Neonatal Screening ; Genetic Testing ; Female ; Male ; Follow-Up Studies ; Prospective Studies ; China

AIM To investigate the protective effect of Sanfeng Tongqiao Dropping Pills against house dust mite(HDM)-induced allergic asthma in mice.METHODS Compared to the intact BALB/c mice in the blank control group,the BALB/c mice randomly assigned into the model group,the dexamethasone group(0.67 mg/kg),and the low-dose,medium-dose,and high-dose Sanfeng Tongqiao Dropping Pills groups(15,30 and 60 mg/kg),were induced into acute allergic asthma models via weekly intraperitoneal sensitization with 0.1 mL HDM solution(0.5 mg/mL)for three weeks followed by three consecutive daily intranasal challenges with 10 μL HDM solution(2.5 mg/mL)starting in the third week.The drug administered continuously 7 days after the last excitation.The mice had their airway reactive Penh value detected,their pulmonary pathological changes observed by HE staining,their blood eosinophils(EOS)counted,their Th2 cytokines in lung tissue and serum IgE levels detected by ELISA,and their number of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)and pulmonary Th2 cells detected by flow cytometry.Chronic allergic asthma was induced in grouped BALB/c mice through repeated intranasal challenges with 10 μL HDM solution(2.5 mg/mL)administered five times weekly for five consecutive weeks.Drug treatment continued for 14 days following the final challenge.After the final treatment,the mice had their pulmonary pathological changes observed by HE staining,and their levels of Th2 cytokines in B ALF and lung tissue and serum IgE detected by ELISA.RESULTS Compared to the blank control group,the acute allergic asthma model group exhibited increases in Penh value,EOS count and IgE level in serum,IL-4 and IL-5 levels in lung tissue(P＜0.01);obvious pulmonary inflammatory cells infiltration,and thickened airway wall;and increase in pulmonary number of Th2 cells(P＜0.01).Compared to the model group,the groups intervened with Sanfeng Tongqiao Dropping Pills demonstrated decreased Penh value,serum EOS count,IgE level and IL-5 level in lung tissue(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);reduced pulmonary inflammatory infiltration and alleviated airway wall thickening;and decreased number of pulmonary Th2 cells.Compared to the blank group,the chronic allergic asthma model group showed obvious pulmonary inflammatory infiltration and airway wall thickening;and increased EOS count and IgE level in serum,IL-4 and IL-13 in lung tissue and IL-14 in BALF(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Compared to the model group,the groups intervened with either medium-dose or high-dose Sanfeng Tongqiao Dropping Pills demonstrated reduced pulmonary inflammatory infiltration;and decreased serum EOS count,IgE level,IL-13 in lung tissue and IL-14 in BALF(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION Sanfeng Tongqiao Dropping Pills reduce Th2 cells in peripheral blood and lung tissue,suppress type 2 inflammation,and thereby alleviate allergic asthma.

Objective To explore the reliability of the reagent burstbead for field blood transfusion compatibility testing by applying it to bloodtype detection,antibody screening and cross matching tests and conduting parallel contrast with the existing arrays.Methods A field treatment shelter was used as the testing site to simulate the scene of emergency blood transfusion for the wounded under the conditions of field blood station,and 1 358 pieces of blood samples sent to some hospital for examination before transfusion were considered as the objects.Parallel contrast tests were carried out between the reagent burstbead method and the tube method for bloodtype detection and between the reagent burstbead method and the manual polybrene method for antibody screening and cross matching.The reagent burstbead method was compared with other methods in terms of the coin-cidence rate of the bloodtype detection results,the detection rate of positive samples for antibody screening and crossmatch incompatibility.Results The reagent burstbead method and the tube method had high consistency when used for bloodtype detection,with the coincidence rate being 100％.During antibody screening and cross matching tests,the reagent burstbead method found 5 cases of antibody-positive samples leading to major crossmatch incompatibility(positive rate being 0.37％),the manual polybrene method detected 2 cases of irregular antibody-positive samples(positive rate being 0.15％),and the two methods both identified 3 cases of minor crossmatch incompatibility.Conclusion The reagent burstbead has high accuracy and reliability when applied to bloodtype detection,antibody screening and cross matching tests,and thus can be used for blood transfusion compatibility testing in field conditions.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(2):39-42]

Objective:To analyze the characteristics and trends of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) burden attributable to non-optimal temperature in China and globally from 1990 to 2021.Methods:This retrospective cross-sectional study utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database to extract indicators including death numbers, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALY rate for COPD due to non-optimal temperature in China and globally. The Joinpoint regression model was applied to analyze temporal trends and identify inflection points. Disease burden distribution characteristics were analyzed by gender and age groups. The Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) model was used to predict the disease burden from 2022 to 2035.Results:Compared with 1990, in 2021 the global ASMR and DALY rate for COPD decreased by 44.59% and 50.02%, respectively, while China saw larger reductions of 69.61% and 72.57%. However, the absolute number of deaths and DALYs increased globally by 31.55% and 12.23%, respectively; in China, the number of deaths remained stable while DALYs decreased by 21.59%. The Joinpoint regression model showed statistically significant differences in trend inflection points between China and the world. The disease burden was higher in males than in females and was significantly higher in people aged≥65 years. The projected burden of COPD mortality and DALYs due to non-optimal temperature is expected to continue rising in both China and the world from 2022 to 2035. By 2035, China′s ASMR and DALY rate are predicted to increase to 21.32/100 000 and 284.68/100 000, respectively, and the global ASMR and DALY rate are predicted to rise to 7.88/100 000 and 122.16/100 000.Conclusions:From 1990 to 2021, the burden of COPD due to non-optimal temperature showed a declining trend in both China and globally, but the absolute burden continued to rise, particularly among elderly males and advanced age populations. The burden in both China and globally is projected to continue increasing through 2035, with a higher growth rate in China than globally.

Objective:To report the nationwide surveillance results of pathogenic profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Gram-positive bloodstream infections in China in 2023.Methods:The clinical isolates of Gram-posttive bacteria from blood cultures were collected in member hospitals of National Bloodstream Infection Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System（BRICS）during January to December 2023. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the dilution method recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute（CLSI）. Statistical analyses were conducted using WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 25.0 software.Results:A total of 4 385 Gram-positive bacterial isolates were obtained from 60 participating center. The top five pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus（ n=1 544，35.2%），coagulase-negative Staphylococci（ n=1 441，32.9%）， Enterococcus faecium（ n=574，13.1%）， Enterococcus faecalis（ n=385，8.8%），and α-hemolytic Streptococci（ n=187，4.3%）. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus（MRSA）and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci（MRCNS）was 26.2%（405/1 544）and 69.8%（1 006/1 441），respectively. Notably，all Staphylococci remained susceptible to glycopeptide or daptomycin. Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated excellent susceptibility（>97.0%）to cephalobiol，rifampicin，trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole，linezolid，minocycline，tigecycline，and eravacycline. No Enterococcus exhibiting resistance to linezolid were detected. Glycopeptide resistance was uncommon but more frequent in Enterococcus faecium（resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin：both 1.7%）compared to Enterococcus faecalis（both 0.3%）. The detection rates of MRSA and MRCNS exhibited significant regional variations across the country（ χ2=17.674 and 148.650，respectively，both P<0.001）. No vancomycin-resistant Enterococci were detected in central China. Institutional comparison demonstrated higher prevalence of MRSA（ χ2=14.111， P<0.001）and MRCNS（ χ2=4.828， P=0.028）in provincial hospitals than that in municipal hospitals. Socioeconomic analysis identified elevated detection rates of both MRSA（ χ2=18.986， P<0.001）and MRCNS（ χ2=4.477， P=0.034）in less developed regions（per capita GDP

Objective:To report the results of bacterial resistant investigation collaborative system（BRICS）on the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical Gram-negative bacteria isolates from bloodstream infections in China in 2023，and provide reference for clinical tretment of bloodstream infections and prevention and control of bacterial resistance.Methods:The clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria from blood cultures in member hospitals of BRICS were collected during January 2023 to December 2023. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted by agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute（CLSI）. WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 25.0 were used to analyze the data.Results:During the study period，11 492 strains of Gram-negative bacteria were collected from 60 hospitals，of which 10 098（87.9%）were Enterobacterales and 1 394（12.1%）were non-fermentative bacteria. The top 5 bacterial species were Escherichia coli（50.0%）， Klebsiella pneumoniae（26.1%）， Pseudomonas aeruginosa（5.1%）， Acinetobacter baumannii complex（5.0%）and Enterobacter cloacae complex（4.1%）. The ESBL-producing rates in Escherichia coli， Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirablilis were 46.8%（2 685/5 741），18.3%（549/2 999）and 44.0%（77/175），respectively. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli（CREC）and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae（CRKP）were 1.3%（76/5 741）and 15.0%（450/2 999）；32.9%（25/76）and 78.0%（351/450）of CREC and CRKP were sensitive to ceftazidime/avibactam combination，respectively. 94.7%（72/76）and 90.2%（406/450）of CREC and CRKP were sensitive to aztreonam/avibactam combination. Furthermore，57.9%（44/76）and 79.1%（356/450）were sensitive to imipenem/relebactam combination. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii（CRAB）complex was 64.6%（370/573），while more than 80.0% of CRAB complex was sensitive to tigecycline，eravacycline and polymyxin B. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa（CRPA）was 17.0%（99/581）. There were differences in the composition ratio of Gram-negative bacteria in bloodstream infections and the prevalence of important Gram-negative bacteria resistance among different regions in China，with statistically significant differences in the prevalence of CREC，CRKP，CRPA and CRAB complex（ χ2=10.6，28.6，10.8 and 19.3， P<0.05）. The prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli， CREC，CRAB complex and CRKP were higher in provincial hospitals than those in municipal hospitals（ χ2=12.5，9.8，12.7 and 57.8，all P<0.01）. Conclusions:Gram-negative bacteria are the main pathogens causing bloodstream infections in China，and Escherichia coli is ranked in the top，while the trend of Klebsiella pneumoniae increases continuously with time. CRKP infection shows a slow upward trend，CREC infecton maintains a low prevalence level，and CRAB complex infection continues to exhibit a high prevalence rate. The composition and resistance patterns of pathogens causing bloodstream infections vary to some extent across different regions and levels of hospitals in China.

Objective To explore the effects of ultra-low tube voltage of the third-generation dual-source CT combined with advanced modeled iterative reconstruction(ADMIRE)in bronchial artery CTA for hemoptysis patients.Methods Totally 70 hemoptysis patients admitted to some hospital from March to August 2023 had their clinical and imaging data collected retrospectively,and then divided into Group A and B with the numerical table method.In Group A image reconstruction was carried out with 120 kV tube voltage and filtered back projection(FBP)(named as Group A-FBP);In Group B image reconstruction was performed with 70 kV tube voltage respectively combined with FBP,ADMIRE Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ(named as Group B-FBP,B-ADMIRE Ⅲ,B-ADMIRE Ⅳ and B-ADMIRE Ⅴ).All the patients were scanned with Siemens third-generation dual-source CT.The groups were compared in terms of radiation dose covering volume CT dose index,dose length product and effective dose,subjective score and objective evaluation.The subjective score agreement between 2 radiologists was evaluated with Kappa test.SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results The radiation dose parameters of Group B were all lower than those of Group A,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.001).Group B-FBP and ADMIRE Ⅳ had the lowest and highest subjective scores for bronchial artery images,res-pectively,and the five groups were significantly different in subjective score(P<0.05).The two radiologists had high agree-ment for Kappa values of the subjective scores,with the Kappa values being not lower than 0.75.Group A-FBP showed the lowest vessel CT value,Group B-FBP exhibited the highest image noise and the lowest SNR and CNR,and the five groups differed significantly in the objective evaluation of image quality(P<0.05).Group B-ADMIRE Ⅲ,B-ADMIRE Ⅳ and B-ADMIRE Ⅴ had statistically significant differences with Group A-FBP in objective evaluation of image quality(all P<0.05),with Group B-ADMIRE Ⅴ exhibiting the lowest image noise while highest SNR and CNR.Conclusion Ultra-low tube voltage of the third-generation dual-source CT combined with ADMIRE decreases the radiation dose and ensures image quality when applied to hemoptysis patient CTA,and ADMIRE Ⅳ behaves well in noise reduction and image quality enhancement.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(10):60-64]

Objective To explore the effects of ultra-low tube voltage of the third-generation dual-source CT combined with advanced modeled iterative reconstruction(ADMIRE)in bronchial artery CTA for hemoptysis patients.Methods Totally 70 hemoptysis patients admitted to some hospital from March to August 2023 had their clinical and imaging data collected retrospectively,and then divided into Group A and B with the numerical table method.In Group A image reconstruction was carried out with 120 kV tube voltage and filtered back projection(FBP)(named as Group A-FBP);In Group B image reconstruction was performed with 70 kV tube voltage respectively combined with FBP,ADMIRE Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ(named as Group B-FBP,B-ADMIRE Ⅲ,B-ADMIRE Ⅳ and B-ADMIRE Ⅴ).All the patients were scanned with Siemens third-generation dual-source CT.The groups were compared in terms of radiation dose covering volume CT dose index,dose length product and effective dose,subjective score and objective evaluation.The subjective score agreement between 2 radiologists was evaluated with Kappa test.SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results The radiation dose parameters of Group B were all lower than those of Group A,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.001).Group B-FBP and ADMIRE Ⅳ had the lowest and highest subjective scores for bronchial artery images,res-pectively,and the five groups were significantly different in subjective score(P<0.05).The two radiologists had high agree-ment for Kappa values of the subjective scores,with the Kappa values being not lower than 0.75.Group A-FBP showed the lowest vessel CT value,Group B-FBP exhibited the highest image noise and the lowest SNR and CNR,and the five groups differed significantly in the objective evaluation of image quality(P<0.05).Group B-ADMIRE Ⅲ,B-ADMIRE Ⅳ and B-ADMIRE Ⅴ had statistically significant differences with Group A-FBP in objective evaluation of image quality(all P<0.05),with Group B-ADMIRE Ⅴ exhibiting the lowest image noise while highest SNR and CNR.Conclusion Ultra-low tube voltage of the third-generation dual-source CT combined with ADMIRE decreases the radiation dose and ensures image quality when applied to hemoptysis patient CTA,and ADMIRE Ⅳ behaves well in noise reduction and image quality enhancement.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(10):60-64]

Objective To explore the reliability of the reagent burstbead for field blood transfusion compatibility testing by applying it to bloodtype detection,antibody screening and cross matching tests and conduting parallel contrast with the existing arrays.Methods A field treatment shelter was used as the testing site to simulate the scene of emergency blood transfusion for the wounded under the conditions of field blood station,and 1 358 pieces of blood samples sent to some hospital for examination before transfusion were considered as the objects.Parallel contrast tests were carried out between the reagent burstbead method and the tube method for bloodtype detection and between the reagent burstbead method and the manual polybrene method for antibody screening and cross matching.The reagent burstbead method was compared with other methods in terms of the coin-cidence rate of the bloodtype detection results,the detection rate of positive samples for antibody screening and crossmatch incompatibility.Results The reagent burstbead method and the tube method had high consistency when used for bloodtype detection,with the coincidence rate being 100％.During antibody screening and cross matching tests,the reagent burstbead method found 5 cases of antibody-positive samples leading to major crossmatch incompatibility(positive rate being 0.37％),the manual polybrene method detected 2 cases of irregular antibody-positive samples(positive rate being 0.15％),and the two methods both identified 3 cases of minor crossmatch incompatibility.Conclusion The reagent burstbead has high accuracy and reliability when applied to bloodtype detection,antibody screening and cross matching tests,and thus can be used for blood transfusion compatibility testing in field conditions.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(2):39-42]