Objective To investigate the prevalence of common diseases among primary and secondary school students in Yichang City from 2019 to 2022, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating effective intervention measures in the future. Methods By random cluster sampling , 7 schools in urban areas and 5 schools in suburban counties were selected to screen common diseases such as myopia, dental caries, obesity and abnormal spinal curvature. Descriptive epidemiological methods were employed for statistical analysis. Results A total of 17 023 primary and secondary school students were screened from 2019 to 2022. The overall detection rate of common diseases from high to low was myopia (54.12%), caries (36.75%), overweight (15.17%), obesity (11.88%), malnutrition (5.80%), and abnormal spinal curvature (3.49%). The detection rates of myopia and abnormal curvature of the spine showed an increasing trend with years and school stages, while the detection rates of malnutrition and dental caries showed a decreasing trend with years and school stages. The detection rates of overweight and obesity showed no trend difference with years, and the detection rates of obesity showed a decreasing trend with school stages. The rates of myopia, overweight and obesity were higher in urban areas than those in suburban counties, and the rate of dental caries was higher in suburban counties than that in urban areas. The prevalence of overweight, obesity, and malnutrition in boys was higher than that in girls. The prevalence of myopia and dental caries in girls was higher than that in boys. The above differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion Myopia, dental caries, obesity, and abnormal curvature of the spine are the current focus of the prevention and treatment of common diseases in students. There are great differences between different regions, school stages, and genders. The ^“tripartite linkage^” of schools, families, and communities should be achieved with the joint efforts of the education and health departments to actively take targeted intervention measures to reduce the prevalence.

Objective To investigate clinical effect of tendons pulling,poking and kneading for the treatment of external humeral epicondylitis.Metods From January 2018 to December 2021,a multicenter randomized controlled study was per-formed to collect 192 patients with external humeral epicondylitis in Wangjing Hospital,Beijing Dianli Hospital,and Beijing Fengsheng Osteotraumatology Hospital,respectively,and they were divided into treatment group and control group by random number table method.There were 96 patients in treatment group,including 36 males and 60 females,aged from 28 to 60 years old with an average of(41.20±5.50)years old;the course of disease ranged from 1 to 14 days with an average of(5.24±1.35)days;they were treated once every other day for 2 weeks.There were 96 patients in control group,including 33 males and 63 females,aged from 26 to 60 years old with an average of(43.35±7.75)years old;the course of disease ranged from 1 to 14 days with an average of(5.86±1.48)days;they were treated with topical voltaalin combined with elbow joint fixation for 2 weeks.Visual analogue scale(VAS)and Hospital for Surgery Scoring System(HSS)elbow pronation and supination angles,wrist metacarpal flexion and dorsal extension angles,elbow tenderness between two groups were compared before treatment and at 1,3,5,7,11 and 13 days after treatment;Hospital for Surgery Scoring System 2(HSS2)was compared before treatment and the final treatment.Results All patients were followed up for 10 to 14 days with an average of(12±1.6)days.VAS between treatment group and control group before treatment were 6.83±1.36 and 6.79±1.58,respectively,and decreased to 1.49±1.09 and 2.11±1.81 after the final treatment.VAS of treatment group were significantly lower than those of control group at 1,3,5,7,9,11 and 13 days after treatment(P＜0.05).HSS between two groups were 61.73±11.00 and 36.47±12.45 before treatment,respectively,and increased to 94.42±5.9 and 91.44±9.11 at the final treatment.HSS of treatment group were signifi-cantly higher than those of control group at 1,3,5,7,9,11 and 13 days after treatment(P＜0.05).On the 5th day after treat-ment,the external and internal rotation angles of elbow in treatment group were(66.41±12.69)° and(66.35±13.54)°,while those in control group were(62.08±16.03)° and(61.77±16.35)°.On the 7th day after treatment,the external and internal ro-tation angles of elbow were(69.79±12.64)° and(70.02±13.55)° in treatment group,and(65.28±15.86)° and(65.09± 16.67)° in control group.Elbow joint motion in treatment group was higher than that in control group(P＜0.05).On the 5th day after treatment,angles of wrist dorsiflexion and palm flexion were(39.43±15.94)°and(46.68±11.10)° in treatment group,and(38.51±18.49)° and(44.27±13.58)° in control group.On the 7th day after treatment,angles of wrist dorsiflexion and palm flexion were(42.52±16.50)° and(49.23±10.96)° in treatment group,and(41.18±20.09)° and(46.64±14.63)° in control group.The motion of wrist joint in treatment group was higher than that in control group(P＜0.05).On the 13th day after treatment,HSS2 in treatment group 93.61±6.32 were higher than those in control group 92.06±7.94(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in elbow tenderness between two groups at each time point(P＞0.05).Conclusion Voltaren external treatment combined with elbow fixation and tendons pulling,poking and kneading could effectively improve symptoms of exter-nal humeral epicondylitis.Compared with voltaren external treatment,tendons pulling,poking and kneading has advantages of longer analgesic time and better elbow function recovery.

Objective To observe the changes of expression of lysyl oxidase family(LOXs)on the retina in acute ocular hypertension(AOH)rats.Methods The SD adult male rats were randomly divided into the control group(CON group)and the AOH group.The rats in the CON group were fed normally without any treatment,and the rats in the AOH group were established AOH model by anterior chamber perfusion.All rats were sacrificed after 2 weeks and retinal tissues were collected.The expression of LOXs[including lysyl oxidase(LOX)and lysyl oxidase-like proteins of LOXL1,LOXL2,LOXL3,LOXL4],and the expression of extracellular matrix(ECM)proteins of Collagen 1/3/4 a1(Col1/3/4 a1),Elastin(Eln),and Fibulin1/4(Fbn 1/4)in the retinal tissues were detected by qRT-PCR.The localiza-tion of LOXs in rat retina was detected by immunohistochemistry.The expression of LOX in retina was detected by Western blot.Results LOXs were expressed to varying degrees in all layers of the rat retina,LOX was mainly expressed in the retinal ganglion cell layer,nerve fiber layer,inner plexiform layer and outer plexiform layer;LOXL1 was mainly expressed in the inner plexiform layer,outer plexiform layer and vascular wall;LOXL2 was mainly expressed in retinal ganglion cell layer,inner plexiform layer and inner nuclear layer;LOXL4 was mainly expressed in the inner plexiform layer and inner nuclear layer;while LOXL3 was only expressed in the vascular wall.Compared with the CON group,the expression of LOX,Col1a1 and Eln in the retina of rats in the AOH group were significantly increased(P<0.05),and there was no significantly significant difference in the expression of LOXL1,LOXL2,LOXL3,LOXL4,Col3a1,Col4a1,Fbn1,Fbn4 mRNAs in the retina of rats between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion LOX is highly expressed in the retina of AOH rats,which may be involved in the pathological process of retinal injury caused by high intraocular pressure through ECM remodeling.

Objective:To report the results of national surveillance on the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical Gram-positive bacteria isolates from bloodstream infections in China in 2022.Methods:The clinical isolates of Gram-positive bacteria from blood cultures in member hospitals of National Bloodstream Infection Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System（BRICS）were collected during January 2022 to December 2022. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted by agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute（CLSI）. WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 25.0 software were used to analyze the data.Results:A total of 3 163 strains of Gram-positive pathogens were collected from 51 member units，and the top five bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus（ n=1 147，36.3%），coagulase-negative Staphylococci（ n=928，29.3%）， Enterococcus faecalis（ n=369，11.7%）， Enterococcus faecium（ n=296，9.4%）and alpha-hemolyticus Streptococci（ n=192，6.1%）. The detection rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus（MRSA）and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci（MRCNS）were 26.4%（303/1 147）and 66.7%（619/928），respectively. No glycopeptide and daptomycin-resistant Staphylococci were detected. The sensitivity rates of Staphylococcus aureus to cefpirome，rifampin，compound sulfamethoxazole，linezolid，minocycline and tigecycline were all >95.0%. Enterococcus faecium was more prevalent than Enterococcus faecalis. The resistance rates of Enterococcus faecium to vancomycin and teicoplanin were both 0.5%（2/369），and no vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium was detected. The detection rate of MRSA in southern China was significantly lower than that in other regions（ χ2=14.578， P=0.002），while the detection rate of MRCNS in northern China was significantly higher than that in other regions（ χ2=15.195， P=0.002）. The detection rates of MRSA and MRCNS in provincial hospitals were higher than those in municipal hospitals（ χ2=13.519 and 12.136， P<0.001）. The detection rates of MRSA and MRCNS in economically more advanced regions（per capita GDP≥92 059 Yuan in 2022）were higher than those in economically less advanced regions（per capita GDP<92 059 Yuan）（ χ2=9.969 and 7.606， P=0.002和0.006）. Conclusions:Among the Gram-positive pathogens causing bloodstream infections in China， Staphylococci is the most common while the MRSA incidence decreases continuously with time；the detection rate of Enterococcus faecium exceeds that of Enterococcus faecalis. The overall prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci is still at a low level. The composition ratio of Gram-positive pathogens and resistant profiles varies slightly across regions of China，with the prevalence of MRSA and MRCNS being more pronounced in provincial hospitals and areas with a per capita GDP≥92 059 yuan.

AIM To study endophytic fungi from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi.and the enzyme inhibitory activities of their secondary metabolites.METHODS Six different media were used to isolate and purify endophytic fungi from S.baicalensis by tissue homogenate method.The activities of secondary metabolites were evaluated by targeting different enzymes.The highly active strains were identified by molecular biology combined with morphology,and the highly active chemical components were tracked and separated by modern chromatographic separation technology.RESULTS Sixty-four endophytic fungal strains were isolated from S.baicalensis,and one hundred and twenty-eight secondary metabolites were obtained by fermentation.The samples with certain inhibitory activities against adenosine deaminase(ADA),β-lactamase and tyrosinase(TYR)accounted for 14.06%,3.91%and 18.75%,respectively.Strain HTS-23-2 showed high TYR inhibitory activity,and 99%homology with Aspergillus flavus by molecular identification.One compound was isolated from the fermentation samples and identified as kojic acid.CONCLUSION S.baicalensis harbors a rich diversity of endophytic fungi,which serve as a valuable resource for active substances.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of grand anxiety disorder by applying Meta-analysis.Methods Randomized controlled trials on acupuncture treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in 7 Chinese and English databases from the establishment of the database to May 1,2022 were searched for screening,inclusion and literature risk assessment.Meta-analysis and subgroup analysis of different outcome indicators and/or intervention measures were performed using Stata 16 and Review Manager 5.4 software.Results Finally,20 randomized controlled trials were included,including 1661 cases and 4 intervention measures(acupuncture+electroacupuncture,acupuncture,electroacupuncture and western medicine).The results of meta-analysis indicated that there were statistically significant differences in HAMA and SAS scores between acupuncture group and western medicine group(P<0.05).The results of subgroup analysis showed that there was statistically significant difference in Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA)score between acupuncture group and alprazolam.There was a statistically significant difference in self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)score between acupuncture group and simple paroxetine,buspirone,chlorhexidine/oryzanol/propranolol.In the evaluation of side effect scale,the difference between acupuncture(including electroacupuncture)group and western medicine group was statistically significant(P<0.01).Conclusion Acupuncture(including electroacupuncture)can effectively improve anxiety and symptoms with efficacy no less than that of Western medicine,and has the advantages of fewer adverse effects and higher safety.However,due to the quantity and quality of the included literature,multi-center,large sample,and high-quality randomized controlled studies are still needed to further corroborate the above conclusions.

Objective To explore the diagnostic efficacy of serum 14-3-3β protein combined with fractional exhaled nitric oxide(FeNO)and conventional ventilatory lung function parameters in diagnosing bronchial asthma(referred to as"asthma")in children.Methods A prospective study included 136 children initially diagnosed with asthma during an acute episode as the asthma group,and 85 healthy children undergoing routine health checks as the control group.The study compared the differences in serum 14-3-3β protein concentrations between the two groups,analyzed the correlation of serum 14-3-3β protein with clinical indices,and evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of combining 14-3-3β protein,FeNO,and conventional ventilatory lung function parameters for asthma in children.Results The concentration of serum 14-3-3β protein was higher in the asthma group than in the control group(P<0.001).Serum 14-3-3β protein showed a positive correlation with the percentage of neutrophils and total serum immunoglobulin E,and a negative correlation with conventional ventilatory lung function parameters(P<0.05).Cross-validation of combined indices showed that the combination of 14-3-3β protein,FeNO,and the percentage of predicted value of forced expiratory flow at 75%of lung volume had an area under the curve of 0.948 for predicting asthma,with a sensitivity and specificity of 88.9%and 93.7%,respectively,demonstrating good diagnostic efficacy(P<0.001).The model had the best extrapolation.Conclusions The combination of serum 14-3-3β protein,FeNO,and the percentage of predicted value of forced expiratory flow at 75%of lung volume can significantly improve the diagnostic efficacy for asthma in children.

Objective To explore the associations of parental smoking and alcohol consumption during the periconceptional period and their interactions with risk of congenital heart disease(CHD)in offspring.Methods The parents of children with simple CHD aged 0 to 1 year(n=683)were recruited as the case group,while the parents of healthy children aged 0 to 1 year(n=740)served as the control group.A case-control study was conducted,and a questionnaire was used to collect information on perinatal exposures.After controlling for relevant confounding factors using multivariate logistic regression analysis and propensity score matching,the associations of parental smoking and alcohol consumption during the periconceptional period and their interactions with CHD were examined,as well as the cumulative effects of smoking and drinking on CHD risk.Results Maternal active smoking(OR=2.91,95%CI:1.60-5.30),passive smoking(OR=1.94,95%CI:1.56-2.42),and alcohol consumption(OR=2.59,95%CI:1.89-3.54),as well as paternal smoking(OR=1.52;95%CI:1.22-1.90)and drinking(OR=1.48,95%CI:1.19-1.84),were associated with an increased risk of CHD in offspring.There was no interaction between parental smoking and drinking behaviors during the periconceptional period concerning the risk of CHD in offspring(P>0.05).The more parents'smoking and drinking behaviors during the perinatal pregnancy,the higher the risk of CHD in their offspring(OR=1.50,95%CI:1.36-1.65).Conclusions Parental smoking and alcohol consumption during the periconceptional period are associated with the occurrence of CHD in offspring,and there is a cumulative effect on CHD risk,suggesting that reducing tobacco and alcohol exposure during the periconceptional period may lower the incidence of CHD.

Objective To investigate the current status of hand hygiene(HH)compliance with concealed observa-tion method,compare compliance rates of HH of health care workers(HCWs)obtained through concealed observa-tion method,direct observation method and monitoring observation method,provide effective surveillance methods and means for further improving HH compliance.Methods Data about HH compliance and HH products consump-tion in a hospital obtained through monitoring observation method,concealed observation method,and direct obser-vation method were collected,all observed HCWs have received unified training,the correlation among three me-thods and HH consumption were explored.Results Differences in HH compliance rates obtained by different ob-servation methods were statistically significant(x2=17.401,P＜0.001).The direct observation method had the highest HH compliance rate at 95.08％,while the concealed observation method had the lowest HH compliance rate at 50.83％.The daily consumption of HH products was highest in department of neonatology,at 119.14 mL/bed-day,and lowest in department of pediatrics,at 10.39 mL/bed-day.The monitoring observation method(r=0.975,P=0.005)and the concealed observation method(r=0.949,P=0.012)had a good correlation with the consump-tion of HH products.The concealed observation method showed that the department with the highest HH compli-ance rate was department of neonatology,at 90.00％.Conclusion The actual HH compliance can be indirectly re-flected by comprehensive monitoring observation method and the consumption of HH products per bed-day.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of Tripterygium wilfordii multiglycoside (TGW) in the treatment of psoriatic dermatitis from a cellular immunological perspective. METHODS: Mouse models of psoriatic dermatitis were established by imiquimod (IMQ). Twelve male BALB/c mice were assigned to IMQ or IMQ₊TGW groups according to a random number table. Histopathological changes in vivo were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Ratios of immune cells and cytokines in mice, as well as PAM212 cell proliferation in vitro were assessed by flow cytometry. Pro-inflammatory cytokine expression was determined using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: TGW significantly ameliorated the severity of IMQ-induced psoriasis-like mouse skin lesions and restrained the activation of CD45⁺ cells, neutrophils and T lymphocytes (all P<0.01). Moreover, TGW significantly attenuated keratinocytes (KCs) proliferation and downregulated the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor α, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Furthermore, it reduced the number of γ δ T17 cells in skin lesion of mice and draining lymph nodes (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS TGW improved psoriasis-like inflammation by inhibiting KCs proliferation, as well as the associated immune cells and cytokine expression. It inhibited IL-17 secretion from γ δ T cells, which improved the immune-inflammatory microenvironment of psoriasis.
Male ; Animals ; Mice ; Tripterygium ; Psoriasis/drug therapy* ; Keratinocytes ; Skin Diseases/metabolism* ; Cytokines/metabolism* ; Imiquimod/metabolism* ; Dermatitis/pathology* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Skin/metabolism*