Objective To gain insights into the biological characteristics of different populations of Culex tritaeniorhynchus within and around the Yellow Sea wetland from the perspective of the occurrence of resistance, we investigated the levels of resistance to deltamethrin and kdr gene mutation in the wetland and its peripheral areas. Methods Specimens were collected from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations at two monitoring sites in the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area, and also from two populations in Yancheng City and the Liuhe District of Nanjing, and the resistance of these mosquitoes to deltamethrin was determined using the CDC biotest bottle method. For each concentration of deltamethrin assessed, a random subset of exposed specimens was selected for amplification of the kdr gene fragment, followed by Sanger sequencing to identify and analyze resistance-associated mutations. Results The LC50 levels of deltamethrin among mosquitoes from the four populations in Luhe, Yancheng, the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and the Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area were 2.048 5, 7.798 2, 3.473 3, and 17.695 5 mg/mL, respectively, with corresponding concentrations of deltamethrin ranging from 0.005 to 5.000,0.050 to 50.000,0.050 to 25.000 and 0.050 to 50.000 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the ranges of the KT50 values were 11.76-107.43, 67.05-216.30,29.77-107.43 and 28.40-329.51 min; the 1-h knockdown rates were 34.58%-99.15%, 9.52%-43.80%, 55.09%-73.01%, and 10.09%-68.07%; and the 24-h mortality rates were 12.15%-67.52%,9.52%-79.56%,13.17%-82.21%, and 11.01%-78.99%, respectively. With respect to kdr gene mutation, we assayed a total of 63,70,59, and 57 mosquitoes for the four populations, for which we detected L1014F mutation frequencies of 14.29%, 35.00%, 20.34%, and 31.58%, respectively, with a majority of these mutations being heterozygous for resistance. In addition, five adult mosquitoes were identified has having synonymous mutations at site 1011[i. e. , AAT(asparagine)mutation to AAC(asparagine)]. Conclusions Our findings revealed the clear resistance of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus to deltamethrin in the Yancheng region of the Yellow Sea wetland, and the resistance phenotype and kdr frequency of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment were comparable to those of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment, thereby indicating that the resistance of different populations of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was homogeneous under the pressure of different insecticide selection within and around the wetland. However, the underlying mechanisms need to be further studied.

The holistic view is the key in the study of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). The component structure theory is based on the holistic view to investigate the correlation between material basis and efficiency, which enriches the holistic "component-effect" research of TCM. Gintonin is a newly isolated non-saponin component of ginseng. Compared to ginsenosides, gintonin has many different pharmacological activities, and it provides new knowledge for the holistic research of ginseng. Thus, taking the discovery of gintonin from ginseng as an example, this paper explored the linkage between ginsenosides and gintonin from the perspective of "component-effect" correlations and systematically sorted out the similarities and differences between them in terms of structural characteristics, modes of action, and pharmacological activities. Starting from the collaborative interaction of TCM compounds, the study discussed the application and value of the holistic view in TCM "component-effect" research in the light of the component structure theory to provide new thoughts for the development of modern TCM research.
Panax/chemistry* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Humans ; Ginsenosides/pharmacology* ; Animals

Objective To understand the implementation status of"Diagnosis of Ascariasis"(WS/T 565-2017)and provide a scientific basis for promoting,revising,and improving the Standard.Methods Using the convenient sampling method,the investigation targeted professional and technical personnel at the provincial,city,county,and township levels engaged in parasitic disease prevention,control,or diagnosis and treatment in Anhui and Sichuan provinces.No less than 150 individuals were included in each province.The implementation survey of Diagnosis of Ascariasis(WS/T 565-2017)was conducted by the subjects completing a questionnaire by themselves.Results The response rate to the questionnaire was 91.90%(386/420).The awareness and utilization rates of the Standard were 81.87%and 49.22%,respectively and both increased with age(χ2 trend=7.977 and 19.016,respectively,P＜0.01).Respondents with college degrees(90.72%)had a higher awareness rate(χ2=8.619,P＜0.05).In terms of utilization rate,males(58.38%),those with college degrees(67.01%),staff members of provincial-level units(77.78%),and personnel in medical institutions(71.43%)had higher utilization rates(χ2=13.486,17.166,8.426,and 5.956,respectively,all P＜0.05).The survey indicated that 57.77%of the work units of respondents have conducted promotional activities,and 53.89%of the work units of respondents have sent personnel to participate in training.Moreover,this proportion tended to increase as the unit level decreased(χ2 trend=9.403 and 14.729,P＜0.01).The level of participation in publicity and training by medical institutions(89.29%)was significantly higher than that of disease control institutions(55.31%and 51.12%,respectively,χ2=12.290 and 15.225,P＜0.01).Furthermore,training participation is a crucial factor in enhancing awareness rates.A total of 368 respondents(95.34%)reported that their work units have conducted testing for ascariasis.Additionally,378 individuals(97.92%)believe that the Standard is"applicable"or"basically applicable,"while 369(95.60%)felt that no revisions were needed.Conclusions The results indicated that"Diagnosis of Ascariasis"(WS/T 565-2017)remains applicable to the diagnostic needs of ascariasis and it is recommended to strengthen its promotion and implementation.

OBJECTIVE: This study reports the first imported case of Lassa fever (LF) in China. Laboratory detection and molecular epidemiological analysis of the Lassa virus (LASV) from this case offer valuable insights for the prevention and control of LF. METHODS: Samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, urine, saliva, and environmental materials were collected from the patient and their close contacts for LASV nucleotide detection. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on positive samples to analyze the genetic characteristics of the virus. RESULTS: LASV was detected in the patient's CSF, blood, and urine, while all samples from close contacts and the environment tested negative. The virus belongs to the lineage IV strain and shares the highest homology with strains from Sierra Leone. The variability in the glycoprotein complex (GPC) among different strains ranged from 3.9% to 15.1%, higher than previously reported for the seven known lineages. Amino acid mutation analysis revealed multiple mutations within the GPC immunogenic epitopes, increasing strain diversity and potentially impacting immune response. CONCLUSION The case was confirmed through nucleotide detection, with no evidence of secondary transmission or viral spread. The LASV strain identified belongs to lineage IV, with broader GPC variability than previously reported. Mutations in the immune-related sites of GPC may affect immune responses, necessitating heightened vigilance regarding the virus.
Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; Genome, Viral ; Lassa Fever/virology* ; Lassa virus/classification* ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Phylogeny

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the spatiotemporal patterns and socioeconomic factors influencing the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in the Guangdong Province between 2010 and 2019. METHOD: Spatial and temporal variations in TB incidence were mapped using heat maps and hierarchical clustering. Socioenvironmental influencing factors were evaluated using a Bayesian spatiotemporal conditional autoregressive (ST-CAR) model. RESULTS: Annual incidence of TB in Guangdong decreased from 91.85/100,000 in 2010 to 53.06/100,000 in 2019. Spatial hotspots were found in northeastern Guangdong, particularly in Heyuan, Shanwei, and Shantou, while Shenzhen, Dongguan, and Foshan had the lowest rates in the Pearl River Delta. The ST-CAR model showed that the TB risk was lower with higher per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) [Relative Risk ( RR), 0.91; 95% Confidence Interval ( CI): 0.86-0.98], more the ratio of licensed physicians and physician ( RR, 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90-0.98), and higher per capita public expenditure ( RR, 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90-0.97), with a marginal effect of population density ( RR, 0.86; 95% CI: 0.86-1.00). CONCLUSION The incidence of TB in Guangdong varies spatially and temporally. Areas with poor economic conditions and insufficient healthcare resources are at an increased risk of TB infection. Strategies focusing on equitable health resource distribution and economic development are the key to TB control.
Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; Incidence ; Bayes Theorem ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology* ; Socioeconomic Factors

Objective:This study empirically analyzes the relationship between outpatient and inpatient services under the impact of healthcare payment reform,and evaluates the effects of the reform.Methods:Data from healthcare services and basic medical insurance payments in eight districts of Jinhua City from 2020 to 2022 were used.A fixed-effects model for outpatient and inpatient services was constructed to analyze the impact of healthcare payment reforms and outpatient services on inpatient services.Results:The DRG-based payment had a significant positive effect on inpatient visits and a significant negative effect on employee basic medical insurance inpatient costs.The"capitation+APG"outpatient payment policy had a significant negative effect on inpatient visits and a significant negative effect on residents'basic medical insurance inpatient costs.The interaction between outpatient payment and outpatient visits had a significant negative effect on employee basic medical insurance inpatient visits,while the interaction between outpatient payment and outpatient costs had a significant negative effect on both overall and employee inpatient costs.Conclusions:The DRG payment reform led to an increase in inpatient visits and a reduction in employee basic medical insurance inpatient costs.The outpatient"capitation+APG"payment reform reduced inpatient visits and lowered residents'basic medical insurance inpatient costs,thereby slowing down the complementary effect between outpatient and inpatient services.

Postoperative infection of internal fixation of closed fractures the lower limbs in adults represents a devastating complication, characterized by diagnostic challenges, prolonged treatment duration and high disability rates. Current management of these infections faces multiple challenges, such as difficulties in early accurate diagnosis, and various controversies about the treatment plan, leading to poor overall diagnosis and treatment results. To address these issues, based on evidence-based medicine and principles with emphasis on scientific rigor, clinical applicability and innovation, the Trauma Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Orthopedics Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Trauma Orthopedics and Polytrauma Group of the Resuscitation and Emergency Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association have collaboratively organized a panel of relevant experts to develop the Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of infection after internal fixation of closed lower limb fractures in adults ( version 2025). The guideline proposed 10 recommendations, aiming to provide a foundation for standardized diagnosis and treatment of postoperative infection in adults with closed lower limb fractures.

Transfer-RNA derived small RNA(tsRNA),a re-cently discovered class of non-coding RNA,is produced by ma-ture tRNA or tRNA precursor through the mediation of specific endonucleases.By regulating gene expression at the transcrip-tional and post transcriptional levels and acting as an epigenetic regulator,tsRNA plays an important role in the physiological and pathological processes of many organisms.Therefore,it has gradually become a research hotspot in biomedicine and attracted widespread attention.Moreover,there is increasing evidence that tsRNA is involved in the occurrence and development of many neuropsychiatric diseases through participating in stress re-sponse,cell proliferation and apoptosis,neural development,synaptic plasticity,neuroinflammation and immune regulation,epigenetic regulation,RNA processing,and protein translation regulation.This article mainly discusses the generation,classifi-cation and biological functions of tsRNA,and elaborates on the role and possible mechanisms of tsRNA in neurodevelopment and neuropsychiatric disorders,thereby further revealing the poten-tial of tsRNA as a reliable biomarker and therapeutic target for neuropsychiatric disorders.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among construction workers. Methods A total of 5 783 workers were selected as participants from 12 construction companies in Guangdong Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Zhejiang Province using a convenient sampling method. The revised Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was used to investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of WMSDs. Results The prevalence of WMSDs was 27.4% among the construction workers. The prevalence of WMSDs in shoulder, neck, waist/lower back and hand/wrist was 10.6%, 9.5%, 9.5% and 9.4% respectively, which was higher than that in other body parts. Bianry logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of WMSDs in construction workers with junior high school education and below was higher than that of high school/ college and above (P<0.05). The risk of WMSDs was higher in drinkers than that in non-drinkers (P<0.01). The worse the health status of construction workers, the higher the risk of WMSDs (P<0.01). The risk of WMSDs in those who exercised once or twice a month was lower than that in those who did not exercise (P<0.05). The risk of WMSDs was higher in construction workers with longer working hours in uncomfortable postures and greater back bending amplitude at work (all P<0.01). The risk of WMSDs in construction workers with hands holding above the shoulder was higher than that with hands below the shoulder (P<0.05). Construction workers who repeated the same work daily, involved in high-temperature work, often worked overtime, had insufficient rest time, and had a shortage of department personnel had a relatively high risk of WMSDs (all P<0.01). Conclusion The prevalence of WMSDs among the construction workers was relatively high, and the most common WMSDs occurred in shoulder, neck, waist/lower back and hand/wrist. Individual characteristic, work type, work posture and work organization are the influencing factors of WMSDs. Comprehensive measures, especially ergonomic measures based on personal and occupational characteristics should be taken to reduce the risk of WMSDs among construction workers.