Objective To explore the visualization effect of different walking fibers and anatomical positions of the basal nucleus in the postcentral gyrus based on the diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)fiber bundle of the precentral gyrus and internal capsule reconstruction model.Methods A set of diffusion tensor volume(DTV)data was used to visualize and export a mesh model by a 3DSlicense 5.6.2 software.The basal nucleus were reconstructed by 3DSlicense through T1W1 data from the same scan,and exported the mesh model,and thus imported the above model into DTIANALYSIS 1.51 software for visualization.By adjusting the RGB component threshold,the fiber bundles were screened to obtain fiber bundles that mainly run left and right,front and back,and up and down.The anatomical relationship between the fiber bundles and the basal nucleus was observed.Results The fiber bundles originating from the precentral gyrus were mainly distributed in the inner and lower parts,and run above and outside the basal nucleus;The fiber bundles that mainly run forward and backward are distributed on the outer side and run on the outer side of the basal nucleus;The fiber bundles that mainly run up and down were distributed in the upper and middle parts of the precentral gyrus,with some fibers running towards the hypothalamus.They intersect in the corpus callosum and ventral pons,and run along the posterior part of the space between the lentiform nucleus and the dorsal thalamus.Conclusion Based on the RGB components in DTI,fibers with different walking directions in the precentral gyrus can be screened to display their anatomical position relationship with the basal ganglia.

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), as a treasure of the Chinese nation, plays a significant role in maintaining public health. In 2019, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council proposed for the first time the establishment of a TCM registration and evaluation evidence system that integrates TCM theory, "personal experience" and clinical trials (referred to as the "Three-in-One" System) to promote the inheritance and innovation of TCM. Subsequently, the National Medical Products Administration issued several guiding principles to advance the improvement and implementation of this system. Owing to the complexity of its implementation, there are still differing understandings within the TCM industry regarding the positioning of the "Three-in-One" Registration and Evaluation Evidence System, as well as the connotation and value orientation of the "personal experience." To address this, Academician WANG Qi, President of the TCM Association, China International Exchange and Promotion Association for Medical and Healthcare and TCM master, led a group of academicians, TCM masters, TCM pharmacology experts and clinical TCM experts to convene a "Seminar on Promoting the Implementation of the ′Three-in-One′ Registration and Evaluation Evidence System for Chinese Medicinals." Through extensive discussions, an expert consensus was formed, clarifying the different roles of the TCM theory, "personal experience" and clinical trials within the system. It was further emphasized that the "personal experience" is the core of this system, and its data should be derived from clinical practice scenarios. In the future, the improvement of this system will require collaborative efforts across multiple fields to promote the high-quality development of the Chinese medicinal industry.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a distinct form of cardiomyopathy that can lead to heart failure, arrhythmias, cardiogenic shock, and sudden death. It has become a major cause of mortality in diabetic patients. The pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy is complex, involving increased oxidative stress, activation of inflammatory responses, disturbances in glucose and lipid metabolism, accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), abnormal autophagy and apoptosis, insulin resistance, and impaired intracellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a crucial protective role by lowering blood glucose levels, promoting lipolysis, inhibiting lipid synthesis, and exerting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-ferroptotic effects. It also enhances autophagy, thereby alleviating myocardial injury under hyperglycemic conditions. Consequently, AMPK is considered a key protective factor in diabetic cardiomyopathy. As part of diabetes prevention and treatment strategies, both pharmacological and exercise interventions have been shown to mitigate diabetic cardiomyopathy by modulating the AMPK signaling pathway. However, the precise regulatory mechanisms, optimal intervention strategies, and clinical translation require further investigation. This review summarizes the role of AMPK in the prevention and treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy through drug and/or exercise interventions, aiming to provide a reference for the development and application of AMPK-targeted therapies. First, several classical AMPK activators (e.g., AICAR, A-769662, O-304, and metformin) have been shown to enhance autophagy and glucose uptake while inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory responses by increasing the phosphorylation of AMPK and its downstream target, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and/or by upregulating the gene expression of glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT4. Second, many antidiabetic agents (e.g., teneligliptin, liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and empagliflozin) can promote autophagy, reverse excessive apoptosis and autophagy, and alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation by enhancing AMPK phosphorylation and its downstream targets, such as mTOR, or by increasing the expression of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor‑α (PPAR‑α). Third, certain anti-anginal (e.g., trimetazidine, nicorandil), anti-asthmatic (e.g., farrerol), antibacterial (e.g., sodium houttuyfonate), and antibiotic (e.g., minocycline) agents have been shown to promote autophagy/mitophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and inhibit oxidative stress and lipid accumulation via AMPK phosphorylation and its downstream targets such as protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) and/or PPAR‑α. Fourth, natural compounds (e.g., dihydromyricetin, quercetin, resveratrol, berberine, platycodin D, asiaticoside, cinnamaldehyde, and icariin) can upregulate AMPK phosphorylation and downstream targets such as AKT, mTOR, and/or the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), thereby exerting anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-pyroptotic, antioxidant, and pro-autophagic effects. Fifth, moderate exercise (e.g., continuous or intermittent aerobic exercise, aerobic combined with resistance training, or high-intensity interval training) can activate AMPK and its downstream targets (e.g., acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), GLUT4, PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), PPAR-α, and forkhead box protein O3 (FOXO3)) to promote fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake, and to inhibit oxidative stress and excessive mitochondrial fission. Finally, the combination of liraglutide and aerobic interval training has been shown to activate the AMPK/FOXO1 pathway, thereby reducing excessive myocardial fatty acid uptake and oxidation. This combination therapy offers superior improvement in cardiac dysfunction, myocardial hypertrophy, and fibrosis in diabetic conditions compared to liraglutide or exercise alone.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the association between susceptibility genes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children with obesity. METHODS: We conducted a two-step case-control study. Ninety-three participants were subjected to whole-exome sequencing (exploratory set). Differential genes identified in the small sample were validated in 1,022 participants using multiplex polymerase chain reaction and high-throughput sequencing (validation set). RESULTS: In the exploratory set, 14 genes from the NAFLD-associated pathways were identified. In the validation set, after adjusting for sex, age, and body mass index, ECI2 rs2326408 (dominant model: OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.02-1.72; additive model: OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.01-1.47), C6orf201 rs659305 (dominant model: OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.01-1.69; additive model: OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.00-1.45), CALML5 rs10904516 (pre-ad dominant model: OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.01-1.83; adjusted dominant model: OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.03-1.91; and pre-ad additive model: OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.04-1.66) polymorphisms were significantly associated with NAFLD in children with obesity ( P < 0.05). Interaction analysis revealed that the gene-gene interaction model of CALML5 rs10904516, COX11 rs17209882, and SCD5 rs3733228 was optional ( P < 0.05), demonstrating a negative interaction between the three genes. CONCLUSION In the Chinese population, the CALML5 rs10904516, C6orf201 rs659305, and ECI2 rs2326408 variants could be genetic markers for NAFLD susceptibility.
Humans ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/genetics* ; Child ; Male ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Case-Control Studies ; Exome Sequencing ; Adolescent ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Obesity/complications* ; Pediatric Obesity/complications* ; China

Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of afzelin(AFZ)in treating Crohn's disease-like colitis.Methods A mouse model of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis was established to assess the effect of AFZ on experimental colitis in vivo.A Caco-2 cell model of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α-induced inflammation was established to evaluate the effects of AFZ on the intestinal barrier function,intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis,and mitochondrial function in vitro.The animal and cell experiments were performed to validate the regulatory role of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)/silent information regulater 1(SIRT1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator(PGC)-1α pathway in the treatment of colitis with AFZ.Results AFZ reduced the disease activity index(P=0.003),weight loss(P<0.001),colon shortening(P<0.001),inflammation score(P=0.002),pro-inflammatory cytokine release(interleukin-6:P<0.001;TNF-α:P=0.010),and intestinal barrier permeability(fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran 4:P<0.001;intestinal-type fatty acid-binding protein:P=0.013).Meanwhile,AFZ increased the colonic transepithelial electric resistance(P=0.001),reduced bacterial translocation(P<0.001),and promoted the localization and up-regulated the expression of tight junction proteins [zonula occluden-1(P=0.005) and Claudin-1(P=0.024)].AFZ exerted a protective effect on the Caco-2 cells exposed to TNF-α in terms of intestinal epithelial cell permeability(P=0.017),transepithelial electric resistance(P=0.014),and tight junction protein[zonula occluden-1(P=0.014) and Claudin-1(P=0.006)] localization and expression.Furthermore,the cell and animal experiments confirmed that AFZ reduced the percentage of apoptosis(P<0.001,P=0.013)and the expression of cleaved-caspase 3(P=0.028,P=0.004)and Bax(P=0.004,P=0.020),and upregulated the Bcl2(P=0.020,P=0.006)level in intestinal epithelial cells.Additionally,AFZ increased the number of mitochondria,mitochondrial membrane potential,and copy number of mitochondrial DNA(P=0.007)in intestinal epithelial cells,while enhancing the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex Ⅰ(P=0.005)and complex Ⅳ(P=0.001).The activation of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway was involved in the protective effects of AFZ on mitochondrial function and apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells.Conclusion AFZ alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells by activating the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway,thereby ameliorating intestinal barrier dysfunction and experimental colitis.
Animals ; Colitis/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Caco-2 Cells ; Mice ; Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Disease Models, Animal ; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism* ; Sirtuin 1/metabolism*

AIM To explore the clinical effects of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction combined with 3HRZE/9HRE anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy regimen on patients with intestinal tuberculosis.METHODS Eighty patients were randomly assigned into control group(40 cases)for administration of 3HRZE/9HRE anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy regimen,and observation group(40 cases)for administration of both Buzhong Yiqi Decoction and 3HRZE/9HRE anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy regimen.The changes in clinical effects,TCM syndrome score,intestinal mucosal barrier function indices(lactulose,mannitol,L/M,DAO),gastrointestinal function hormones(MTL,CCK,GAS,VIP),Th17,Treg,Th17/Treg and incidence of adverse reactions were detected.RESULTS The observation group demonstrated higher total effective rate than the control group(P＜0.05),along with lower incidence of adverse reactions(P＜0.05).After the treatment,the two groups displayed decreased TCM syndrome score,lactulose,L/M,DAO,CCK,GAS,VIP,Th17,Th17/Treg(P＜0.05),and increased MTL,Treg(P＜0.05),especially for the observation group(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION For the patients with intestinal tuberculosis,Buzhong Yiqi Decoction combined with 3HRZE/9HRE anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy regimen can safely and effectively alleviate clinical symptoms,enhance gastrointestinal functions,and improve Th17/Treg immune balance.

Objective To evaluate the registration accuracy of progressive biomechanical shrinkage set of MIM system to provide registration evaluation data support for registration demand scenarios such as treatment response feedback and dose stacking in tumor adaptive radiotherapy.Methods The CT images of a fresh pork liver with 60 gold markers in different shrinkage states at different heating time were used as the phantom images containing gold markers,and the phantom images without gold markers were obtained by replacing the pixel values at the high-density points containing the gold markers with the pixel averages of the pork liver tissue near the gold marker points.Secondly,the two types of phantom images were introduced into MIM system for registration by two methods of deformable image registration(DIR)and contour boundary-based hybrid deformable image registration(HY-DIR).Finally,the mean values of target registration errors(TRE)were cal-culated between the real gold marker points and the ones by registrating respectively all the gold marker points,23 internal points and 37 superfacial points.The Dice coefficients and Hausdorff distances were computed,and correlation and difference analyses were carried out between four groups of DIR with gold marker,HY-DIR with gold marker,DIR without gold marker and HY-DIR without gold marker.SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results At 30 s time-phase,the mean values of TRE ranged from 2.14 to 2.20 mm,and the Dice coefficients were all 0.94;at 60-90 s time-phase,the mean values of TRE were from 3.02 to 5.32 mm,and the Dice coefficients were restricted between 0.95 and 0.97;at 110-200 s time-phase,the mean values of TRE were higher than 4 mm,and the Dice coefficients were from 0.93 to 0.96.The Hausdorff distance had high mean value at 30-200 s time-phase,with a minimum value of 3.85 mm and a maximum value of 17.91 mm.The mean value and standard deviation of TRE of the superfacial gold marker points were all higher than those of the internal points.In case of registration by DIR the Dice coefficients had medium-strength correlations with the TRE mean values of the internal points and all the points(0.4＜r＜0.6).In case of registration by HY-DIR the Dice coefficients did not correlated with the TRE mean values(r＜0.2).In terms of TRE mean value there were significant difference between DIR with gold marker group and HY-DIR with gold marker group(P=0.026)and between DIR with gold marker group and DIR without gold marker group(P=0.036).Conclusion When MMI software is used for self-addaptive radiotherapy registration,satisfactory results are obtained at 30 s time-phase;at 60-90 s time-phase(volume shrinkage lower than 20％),some low registration errors occur and need artificial correction;at 100-200 s time-phase(volume shrinkage higher than 20％),high registration errors appear while the registration with gold markers be haves better than that without gold markers and DIR gains advantages over HY-DIR.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(2):49-55]

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Aim To investigate the effects of rosavin on hepatocellular steatosis and its mechanism of action.Methods AML-12 and HepG2 cells were induced to undergo hepatocellular steatosis by free fatty acids(FFA),and the optimal inducing concentration was determined by oil red O staining and CCK-8 assay.The cell activity was detected by CCK-8 assay after ro-savin treatment,and the lipid droplet accumulation was observed by oil red O staining.The levels of triglycer-ide(TG),total cholesterol(TC),glutamic oxalacetic transaminase(AST),glutamic pyruvic transaminase(ALT),superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione per-oxidase(GSH-Px),and malondialdehyde(MDA)were detected by kits.The potential targets of rosavin in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)were ana-lyzedby network pharmacology and molecular docking,and the expression of core candidate targets before and after the rosavin intervention was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results Hepatocyte steatosis was induced by FFA,and the intervention of rosavin(25,50 μmol·L-1)reduced the number of intracellular lipid droplets in hepatocytes in a dose-de-pendent manner,also lowered the cellular levels of TG,TC,AST,ALT,elevated the levels of SOD and GSH-Px,and reduced the levels of MDA.Network pharma-cological analysis and molecular docking yielded five core candidate targets:NOS3,MAPK14,PPARG,TNF-α,and IGF-1,and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that the action of loxavir significantly re-duced the gene expression of TNF-α and PPARG in hepatocytes after FFA induction.Conclusions Rosa-vin can attenuate the inflammatory response,oxidative stress level,and lipid accumulation in hepatocytes by modulating TNF-α and PPARG,thereby ameliorating FFA-induced hepatocellular steatosis.