This article reports the clinical characteristics and treatment processes of three cases of mucormycosis occurring after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children, along with a review of relevant literature. All three patients presented with chest pain as the initial symptom, and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) confirmed the mucycete infection early in all cases. Two patients recovered after treatment, while one succumbed to disseminated infection. mNGS has facilitated early diagnosis and treatment, reducing mortality rates. Additionally, surgical intervention is an important strategy for improving the prognosis of this condition.
Humans ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects* ; Mucormycosis/etiology* ; Male ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods* ; Child ; Female ; Metagenomics ; Child, Preschool

OBJECTIVE: Poxviruses are zoonotic pathogens that infect humans, mammals, vertebrates, and arthropods. However, the specific role of ticks in transmission and evolution of these viruses remains unclear. METHODS: Transcriptomic and metatranscriptomic raw data from 329 sampling pools of seven tick species across five continents were mined to assess the diversity and abundance of poxviruses. Chordopoxviral sequences were assembled and subjected to phylogenetic analysis to trace the origins of the unblasted fragments within these sequences. RESULTS: Fifty-eight poxvirus species, representing two subfamilies and 20 genera, were identified, with 212 poxviral sequences assembled. A substantial proportion of AT-rich fragments were detected in the assembled poxviral genomes. These genomic sequences contained fragments originating from rodents, archaea, and arthropods. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that ticks play a significant role in the transmission and evolution of poxviruses. These viruses demonstrate the capacity to modulate virulence and adaptability through horizontal gene transfer, gene recombination, and gene mutations, thereby promoting co-existence and co-evolution with their hosts. This study advances understanding of the ecological dynamics of poxvirus transmission and evolution and highlights the potential role of ticks as vectors and vessels in these processes.
Animals ; Poxviridae/physiology* ; Ticks/virology* ; Phylogeny ; Transcriptome ; Evolution, Molecular ; Poxviridae Infections/virology* ; Genome, Viral

ObjectiveTemporal heterogeneity in lung cancer presents as fluctuations in the biological characteristics, genomic mutations, proliferation rates, and chemotherapeutic responses of tumor cells over time, posing a significant barrier to effective treatment. The complexity of this temporal variance, coupled with the spatial diversity of lung cancer, presents formidable challenges for research. This article will pave the way for new avenues in lung cancer research, aiding in a deeper understanding of the temporal heterogeneity of lung cancer, thereby enhancing the cure rate for lung cancer. MethodsRaman spectroscopy emerges as a powerful tool for real-time surveillance of biomolecular composition changes in lung cancer at the cellular scale, thus shedding light on the disease’s temporal heterogeneity. In our investigation, we harnessed Raman spectroscopic microscopy alongside multivariate statistical analysis to scrutinize the biomolecular alterations in human lung epithelial cells across various timeframes after benzo(a)pyrene exposure. ResultsOur findings indicated a temporal reduction in nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and carotenoids, coinciding with a rise in glucose concentration. These patterns suggest that benzo(a)pyrene induces structural damage to the genetic material, accelerates lipid peroxidation, disrupts protein metabolism, curtails carotenoid production, and alters glucose metabolic pathways. Employing Raman spectroscopy enabled us to monitor the biomolecular dynamics within lung cancer cells in a real-time, non-invasive, and non-destructive manner, facilitating the elucidation of pivotal molecular features. ConclusionThis research enhances the comprehension of lung cancer progression and supports the development of personalized therapeutic approaches, which may improve the clinical outcomes for patients.

Aripiprazole drug products have been used widely for treatment of schizophrenia.The digital medicine and long-acting injections of aripiprazole have received widespread attention in recent years,which can improve patient compliance to some extent.Based on literature investigation,combined with analysis long-acting injections of aripiprazole in China'Encourage generic drug catalogue(third batch)',the approval cases were summarized,and the pharmaceutical considerations were put forward in terms formulation,manufacturing process and quality control,aimed to provide scientific reference for research and development of such drugs.

China prospective multicenter birth cohort (Prospective Omics Health Atlas birth cohort, POHA birth cohort) study was officially launched in 2022. This study, in collaboration with 12 participating units, aims to establish a high-quality, multidimensional cohort comprising 20 000 naturally conceived families and assisted reproductive families. The study involves long-term follow-up of parents and offspring, with corresponding biological samples collected at key time points. Through multi-omics testing and analysis, the study aims to conduct multi-omics big data research across the entire maternal and infant life cycle. The goal is to identify new biomarkers for maternal and infant diseases and provide scientific evidence for risk prediction related to maternal diseases and neonatal health.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical characteristics of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) in children with thalassemia major (TM) after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) and their prognosis. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 280 children with TM who underwent haplo-HSCT in the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, from January 2019 to December 2021. According to the CRS criteria, they were divided into two groups: CRS grade <3 (260 children) and CRS grade ≥3 (20 children). The children with TM were analyzed in terms of clinical characteristics of CRS after haplo-HSCT and their prognosis. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the two groups in neutrophil engraftment time, clinical manifestations of CRS, and the rate of use of glucocorticoids within 4 days after haplo-HSCT (P=0.012, 0.040, and <0.001 respectively). For the CRS grade <3 group, the incidence rate of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) was 9.6% within 3 months after transplantation, while no aGVHD was observed in the CRS grade ≥3 group within 3 months after transplantation, but there was no significant difference in the incidence of aGVHD between the two groups within 3 months after transplantation (P=0.146). No transplantation-related death was observed in either group within 3 months after haplo-HSCT. CONCLUSIONS The children with CRS grade≥3 have an early neutrophil engraftment time, severe and diverse clinical manifestations of CRS, and a high rate of use of glucocorticoids within 4 days after haplo-HSCT. For these children, early use of low-dose glucocorticoids after transplantation may alleviate CRS response and reduce the incidence of aGVHD, thereby bringing more benefits to the children. CRS after haplo-HSCT has no significant impact on the prognosis of the children.
Humans ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects* ; Male ; Female ; Child ; Retrospective Studies ; Child, Preschool ; Graft vs Host Disease/prevention & control* ; beta-Thalassemia/therapy* ; Adolescent ; Cytokine Release Syndrome/etiology* ; Transplantation, Haploidentical/adverse effects* ; Infant ; Prognosis ; Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy of dexamethasone vitreous cavity implants (Ozurdex) for the treatment of macular edema (Irvine-Gass Syndrome) after cataract surgery. METHOD: Eight patients (eight eyes) with Irvine-Gass syndrome were enrolled for vitreous injections with Ozurdex. The patients included six men (six eyes) and two women (two eyes) with a mean age of 67.12 ± 11.92 years. Changes in the patients best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and intraocular pressure were compared before and after treatment. RESULT: The mean visual acuity BCVA of the patients was 0.81 ± 0.26 before implantation, which improved to 0.20 ± 0.12, 0.13 ± 0.09, and 0.15 ± 0.13 at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months after implantation, respectively ( P < 0.001). The patient's mean CMT before implantation was 703.00 ± 148.88 μm, and it reduced to 258.87 ± 37.40 μm, 236.25 ± 28.74 μm, and 278.00 ± 76.82 μm at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months after implantation, respectively ( P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The dexamethasone vitreous cavity implant (Ozurdex) is a safe and effective treatment, which can effectively improve patient's visual acuity and reduce macular edema associated with cataract surgery.
Male ; Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Macular Edema/etiology* ; Dexamethasone/therapeutic use* ; Intraocular Pressure ; Prostheses and Implants ; Cataract

Objective: To analyze the clinical features, efficacy and prognosis factors of core binding factor (CBF) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) children in South China. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. Clinical data of 584 AML patients from 9 hospitals between January 2015 to December 2020 was collected. According to fusion gene results, all patients were divided into two groups: CBF-AML group (189 cases) and non-CBF-AML group (395 cases). CBF-AML group were divided into AML1-ETO subgroup (154 cases) and CBFβ-MYH11 subgroup (35 cases). Patients in CBF-AML group chosen different induction scheme were divided into group A (fludarabine, cytarabine, granulocyte colony stimulating factor and idarubicin (FLAG-IDA) scheme, 134 cases) and group B (daunorubicin, cytarabine and etoposide (DAE) scheme, 55 cases). Age, gender, response rate, recurrence rate, mortality, molecular genetic characteristics and other clinical data were compared between groups. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis and survival curve was drawn. Cox regression model was used to analyze prognostic factors. Results: A total of 584 AML children were diagnosed, including 346 males and 238 females. And a total of 189 children with CBF-AML were included, including 117 males and 72 females. The age of diagnosis was 7.3 (4.5,10.0)years, and the white blood cell count at initial diagnosis was 21.4 (9.7, 47.7)×10⁹/L.The complete remission rate of the first course (CR1) of induction therapy, relapse rate, and mortality of children with CBF-AML were significantly different from those in the non-CBF-AML group (91.0% (172/189) vs. 78.0% (308/395); 10.1% (19/189) vs. 18.7% (74/395); 13.2% (25/189) vs. 25.6% (101/395), all P<0.05). In children with CBF-AML, the CBFβ-MYH11 subgroup had higher initial white blood cells and lower proportion of extramedullary invasion than the AML1-ETO subgroup, with statistical significance (65.7% (23/35) vs. 14.9% (23/154), 2.9% (1/35) vs. 16.9% (26/154), both P<0.05). AML1-ETO subgroup had more additional chromosome abnormalities (75/154), especially sex chromosome loss (53/154). Compared with group B, group A had more additional chromosome abnormalities and a higher proportion of tumor reduction regimen, with statistical significance (50.0% (67/134) vs. 29.1% (16/55), 34.3% (46/134) vs. 18.2% (10/55), both P<0.05). Significant differences were found in 5-years event free survival (EFS) rate and 5-year overall survival (OS) rate between CBF-AML group and non-CBF-AML group ((77.0±6.4)%vs. (61.9±6.7)%,(83.7±9.0)%vs. (67.3±7.2)%, both P<0.05).EFS and OS rates of AML1-ETO subgroup and CBFβ-MYH11 subgroup in children with CBF-AML were not significantly different (both P>0.05). Multivariate analysis showed in the AML1-ETO subgroup, CR1 rate and high white blood cell count (≥50×10⁹/L) were independent risk factors for EFS (HR=0.24, 95%CI 0.07-0.85,HR=1.01, 95%CI 1.00-1.02, both P<0.05) and OS (HR=0.24, 95%CI 0.06-0.87; HR=1.01, 95%CI 1.00-1.02; both P<0.05). Conclusions: In CBF-AML, AML1-ETO is more common which has a higher extramedullary involvement and additional chromosome abnormalities, especially sex chromosome loss. The prognosis of AML1-ETO was similar to that of CBFβ-MYH11. The selection of induction regimen group FLAG-IDA for high white blood cell count and additional chromosome abnormality can improve the prognosis.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Child ; Retrospective Studies ; RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein/genetics* ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/therapeutic use* ; Prognosis ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics* ; Cytarabine/therapeutic use* ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics* ; Chromosome Aberrations

Humans ; Child ; Primary Myelofibrosis/genetics* ; Prognosis ; Mutation

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM), a common chronic metabolic disease, is often accompanied by internal heat syndrome. Heat-clearing prescriptions are widely used to treat different heat syndromes of T2DM from the aspects of clearing stagnant heat, excess heat, damp heat, phlegm heat, and heat toxin, demonstrating remarkable effects. The mechanism of blood sugar-lowering agents has always been a hotspot of research. Recently, the basic studies of heat-clearing prescriptions from different perspectives have been increasing year by year. To clarify the mechanisms of heat-clearing prescriptions and find specific mechanisms, we systematically reviewed the basic studies of heat-clearing prescriptions commonly used for the treatment of T2DM in the past decade, intending to provide a reference for related research.
Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Hot Temperature ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Prescriptions ; Syndrome