Objective:To establish a nomogram model to predict the level of psychological distress in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods:A total of 100 AMI patients underwent PCI were selected,a predictive model based on the influencing factors was established,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the predictive value of the nomogram prediction model for psychological distress after PCI.Results:Among 100 AMI patients,35 cases(35.00％)had total Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS)score ≥15 score.The level of psychological distress in AMI patients after PCI was correlated with family monthly income,scores on general self-efficacy scale(GSES)score,age,Killip grade,Social support rating Scale(SSRS)score,gender,and number of complications(P＜0.05).Older age,female and more comorbidities were independent risk factors for higher level of psychological distress in AMI patients after PCI(P＜0.05),while high GSES score and SSRS score were protective factors(P＜0.05).The C index of the nomogram prediction model=0.853.The calibration curve shows that the predicted probability fits the actual observed probability well.The area under the curve(AUC)of the nomogram prediction model was 0.924,the specificity was 84.26％,and the sensitivity was 87.17％.Conclusion:Older age,female and more comorbidities are risk factors for higher psychological distress AMI patients after PCI,high SSRS score and GSES score are protective factors.The nomogram prediction model based on the above risk factors can effectively predict the level of psychological distress.

The aim of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effects and mechanism of three or-ganic acids,including formic acid(FA),butyric acid(BA)and lactic acid(LA),on the pathogenic-ity of Salmonella enteritidis(SE),Escherichia coli(EC)and Staphylococcus aureus(SA).The growth of pathogens was detected by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration(MIC)and Oxford Cup antimicrobial zone assays.The motility of pathogens was detected by soft agar plate method,and the biofilm of pathogens was detected by crystal violet staining.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to measure the expression levels of genes related to the patho-genicity of SE.The results showed that FA and BA significantly inhibited the growth of SE,EC and SA,and FA had a superior inhibitory effect on EC(MIC:0.25 g/L;inhibition zone:20.0 mm)and SA(MIC:0.5 g/L;inhibition zone:25.0 mm).In addition,the three organic acids significantly inhibited the motility of SE,EC and SA as accessed by swimming and swarming assays,and FA showed the best inhibition effect.Besides,the three organic acids,especially FA,markedly inhibited the biofilm formation of SE,EC and SA.Finally,our results showed that the three organic acids in-hibited the expression of the main virulence genes encoded by SPI-1(InvA,InvF,SopE,SopB,SipB,HilA and SipA),SPI-2(SopD2),pili-related genes(FliF,LpfA,SefA and FimF)and flagellum-related genes(FlhD,FliC and FliD)of SE.This study demonstrates that FA,BA,and LA significantly inhibited the growth and pathogenicity of the four pathogens,among which FA showed the most obvious effect on inhibiting the growth,motility,biofilm formation and virulence gene expression.Our study provided a theoretical basis for the application of organic acids in the field of animal husbandry.

Objective:To investigate the influence of prolonged post-cesarean skin-to-skin contact (SSC) on breastfeeding outcomes.Methods:A quasi-experimental study was conducted, employing convenience sampling to recruit mother-infant dyads (intervention group: 82 dyads; control group: 85 dyads) from term cesarean deliveries at Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital from December 2021 to May 2022. The control group received routine care, while in the intervention group, SSC was immediately initiated for 90 min upon returning to the ward after cesarean delivery, followed by daily SSC for≥2 h until 42 d postpartum. Propensity score matching was used for 1∶1 matching to control for confounders, resulting in 82 dyads per group. Two independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test and repeated-measures analysis of variance were used to compare the data between the two groups, including first breastfeeding scores and success rates, the initiation time of lactation, the incidence of delayed lactation, exclusive breastfeeding rates, breastfeeding self-efficacy, and breastfeeding duration. Results:Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed higher first breastfeeding score [11 (11-11) vs. 10 (8-11) scores, Z=30.43] and success rate [82.9% (68/82) vs. 69.5% (57/82), χ2=4.07], shorter initiation time of lactation [45 (35-48) vs. 48 (40-72) h, Z=12.60], and lower incidence of delayed lactation [17.1% (14/82) vs. 32.9% (27/82), χ2=4.68] (all P<0.05). The exclusive breastfeeding rates at 3 d, 42 d, and 3 months after birth were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group [76.8% (63/82) vs. 58.5% (48/82), 81.7% (67/82) vs. 67.1% (55/82), 80.5% (66/82) vs. 64.6% (53/82); χ2=5.46, 3.87, 4.41; all P<0.05]. The breastfeeding self-　efficacy scores at 3 d, 42 d, 3 months, and 6 months after birth were also higher in the intervention group [(54.7±6.0) vs. (51.3±9.0) scores, (57.9±5.7) vs. (53.3±8.4) scores, (58.5±7.0) vs. (54.3±7.9) scores, (56.5±8.0) vs. (52.4±11.6) scores; t=－2.81,－4.12,－3.63,－2.63; all P<0.05]. Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed significant time, group, and interaction effects on self-efficacy ( F=24.29, 13.02, 3.28; all P<0.05). Conclusion:Prolonged SSC after cesarean section promotes the success of early breastfeeding during hospitalization, improves maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy, and increases the exclusive breastfeeding rate within the first 3 months after delivery.

Objective: To investigate the Alzheimer's disease (AD) influencing factors among the elderly, so as to provide a basis for early prevention and intervention. Methods: From March to June 2024, participants aged 60 years and above from a sub-district in Haishu District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province were selected using a convenience sampling method. Data on demographics, lifestyle, and health status were collected through questionnaire surveys. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the short-form Geriatric Depression Scale. The Chinese Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used for the initial screening of AD, and individuals who screened positive were further diagnosed by psychiatrists. Factors affecting AD among the elderly were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 3 644 individuals were surveyed, comprising 1 526 males (41.88%) and 2 118 females (58.12%). The mean age was (71.85±7.44) years. AD was detected in 200 cases, with a detection rate of 5.49%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that individuals aged ≥65 years (65-<70 years, OR=3.012, 95%CI: 1.007-9.012; 70-<75 years, OR=3.131, 95%CI: 1.059-9.260; 75-<80 years, OR=5.779, 95%CI: 1.989-16.784; ≥80 years, OR=16.810, 95%CI: 5.926-47.685), those who were unmarried, divorced, or widowed (OR=1.973, 95%CI: 1.383-2.815), those with hearing loss (OR=1.573, 95%CI: 1.128-2.193), those with diabetes mellitus (OR=1.958, 95%CI: 1.362-2.814), and those with depressive symptoms (OR=4.143, 95%CI: 2.997-5.728) had a higher risk of AD. Conversely, individuals with an educational level of primary school or above (primary school, OR=0.579, 95%CI: 0.401-0.835; junior high school or above, OR=0.438, 95%CI: 0.259-0.741), and those who engaged in regular physical exercise (OR=0.414, 95%CI: 0.264-0.649) had a lower risk of AD. Conclusions The detection rate of AD was relatively high among the elderly in Haishu District. AD among the elderly was related to age, educational level, marital status, physical exercise, hearing loss, diabetes mellitus, and depressive symptoms.

P-glycoprotein(P-gp)is an ATP-dependent efflux transporter that is distributed in many tissues and organs.P-gp can selectively pump endogenous substrates and exogenous chemicals from the cell to the outside of the cell to maintain a stable endo-environment.However,it meanwhile restricts the entry of therapeutic drug into tissues and organs,and in particular,mediates the multidrug resistance of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs.Therefore,understanding the localization of P-gp in different tissues and organs may be an important breakthrough point for disease treatment.In this paper,we mainly review the molecular structure,transport mechanism,localization,and regulation of P-gp in different tissues and organs,providing reference for the subsequent treatment of diseases.
Humans ; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/chemistry* ; Animals ; Drug Resistance, Multiple

Objective Using different concentrations of Coxsackievirus B3(CVB3)to infect young SD rats.To investigate the distribution of coxsackievirus B3(CVB3)in rat tissues and the immune response and inflammatory factors,to clarify the immunopathological mechanism of viral infection and provide an experimental basis for drug screening and efficacy evaluation.Methods Young SD rats(7 days old)were injected intraperitoneally with different doses of CVB3(TCID50=10-3.34/100 μL)and the proportions of lymphocyte subsets(CD4+,CD8+)in whole blood at days 4 and 8 were detected by flow cytometry.The CVB3 loads in the heart,liver,spleen,brain,kidney,and gastrointestinal tissues were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction,TNF-α and IFN-γ levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and histomorphologic changes were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Results Different doses of CVB3 caused different degrees of diarrhea and decreased body mass in young rats.CVB3 was mainly distributed in the stomach,small intestine,large intestine,and stools,with the highest load in the large intestine and stools.The stock solution group(TCID50=10-3.34/100 μL)increased the proportion of CD8+T cells in the whole blood in young rats and decreased the CD4+/CD8+ratio(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Compared with the nomal group high TNF-α and low IFN-γ expression were observed in the large intestine of young rats in the concentrate group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and submucosal edema and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in the large intestine(cecum and rectum).There were no significant differences in the proportion of lymphocyte subsets,TNF-α and IFN-γ levels,and morphological changes in whole blood of young rats in the group 10-1,10-2,and 10-3(P＞0.05).Conclusions Different doses of CVB3 can induce infections in young SD rats.CVB3(TCID50=10-3.34/100 μL)causes pathological changes in the large intestine(cecum and rectum)in young rats,and high virus replication can increase levels of inflammatory factors and cause an imbalance of immune cells.CVB3 may have a unique pathogenic mechanism in young rats,providing a theoretical basis for developing evaluation strategies for drugs against CVB3 virus infections.

The aim of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effects and mechanism of three or-ganic acids,including formic acid(FA),butyric acid(BA)and lactic acid(LA),on the pathogenic-ity of Salmonella enteritidis(SE),Escherichia coli(EC)and Staphylococcus aureus(SA).The growth of pathogens was detected by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration(MIC)and Oxford Cup antimicrobial zone assays.The motility of pathogens was detected by soft agar plate method,and the biofilm of pathogens was detected by crystal violet staining.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to measure the expression levels of genes related to the patho-genicity of SE.The results showed that FA and BA significantly inhibited the growth of SE,EC and SA,and FA had a superior inhibitory effect on EC(MIC:0.25 g/L;inhibition zone:20.0 mm)and SA(MIC:0.5 g/L;inhibition zone:25.0 mm).In addition,the three organic acids significantly inhibited the motility of SE,EC and SA as accessed by swimming and swarming assays,and FA showed the best inhibition effect.Besides,the three organic acids,especially FA,markedly inhibited the biofilm formation of SE,EC and SA.Finally,our results showed that the three organic acids in-hibited the expression of the main virulence genes encoded by SPI-1(InvA,InvF,SopE,SopB,SipB,HilA and SipA),SPI-2(SopD2),pili-related genes(FliF,LpfA,SefA and FimF)and flagellum-related genes(FlhD,FliC and FliD)of SE.This study demonstrates that FA,BA,and LA significantly inhibited the growth and pathogenicity of the four pathogens,among which FA showed the most obvious effect on inhibiting the growth,motility,biofilm formation and virulence gene expression.Our study provided a theoretical basis for the application of organic acids in the field of animal husbandry.

Objective Using different concentrations of Coxsackievirus B3(CVB3)to infect young SD rats.To investigate the distribution of coxsackievirus B3(CVB3)in rat tissues and the immune response and inflammatory factors,to clarify the immunopathological mechanism of viral infection and provide an experimental basis for drug screening and efficacy evaluation.Methods Young SD rats(7 days old)were injected intraperitoneally with different doses of CVB3(TCID50=10-3.34/100 μL)and the proportions of lymphocyte subsets(CD4+,CD8+)in whole blood at days 4 and 8 were detected by flow cytometry.The CVB3 loads in the heart,liver,spleen,brain,kidney,and gastrointestinal tissues were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction,TNF-α and IFN-γ levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and histomorphologic changes were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Results Different doses of CVB3 caused different degrees of diarrhea and decreased body mass in young rats.CVB3 was mainly distributed in the stomach,small intestine,large intestine,and stools,with the highest load in the large intestine and stools.The stock solution group(TCID50=10-3.34/100 μL)increased the proportion of CD8+T cells in the whole blood in young rats and decreased the CD4+/CD8+ratio(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Compared with the nomal group high TNF-α and low IFN-γ expression were observed in the large intestine of young rats in the concentrate group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and submucosal edema and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in the large intestine(cecum and rectum).There were no significant differences in the proportion of lymphocyte subsets,TNF-α and IFN-γ levels,and morphological changes in whole blood of young rats in the group 10-1,10-2,and 10-3(P＞0.05).Conclusions Different doses of CVB3 can induce infections in young SD rats.CVB3(TCID50=10-3.34/100 μL)causes pathological changes in the large intestine(cecum and rectum)in young rats,and high virus replication can increase levels of inflammatory factors and cause an imbalance of immune cells.CVB3 may have a unique pathogenic mechanism in young rats,providing a theoretical basis for developing evaluation strategies for drugs against CVB3 virus infections.

Objective:To establish a nomogram model to predict the level of psychological distress in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods:A total of 100 AMI patients underwent PCI were selected,a predictive model based on the influencing factors was established,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the predictive value of the nomogram prediction model for psychological distress after PCI.Results:Among 100 AMI patients,35 cases(35.00％)had total Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS)score ≥15 score.The level of psychological distress in AMI patients after PCI was correlated with family monthly income,scores on general self-efficacy scale(GSES)score,age,Killip grade,Social support rating Scale(SSRS)score,gender,and number of complications(P＜0.05).Older age,female and more comorbidities were independent risk factors for higher level of psychological distress in AMI patients after PCI(P＜0.05),while high GSES score and SSRS score were protective factors(P＜0.05).The C index of the nomogram prediction model=0.853.The calibration curve shows that the predicted probability fits the actual observed probability well.The area under the curve(AUC)of the nomogram prediction model was 0.924,the specificity was 84.26％,and the sensitivity was 87.17％.Conclusion:Older age,female and more comorbidities are risk factors for higher psychological distress AMI patients after PCI,high SSRS score and GSES score are protective factors.The nomogram prediction model based on the above risk factors can effectively predict the level of psychological distress.

Objective:To investigate the influence of prolonged post-cesarean skin-to-skin contact (SSC) on breastfeeding outcomes.Methods:A quasi-experimental study was conducted, employing convenience sampling to recruit mother-infant dyads (intervention group: 82 dyads; control group: 85 dyads) from term cesarean deliveries at Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital from December 2021 to May 2022. The control group received routine care, while in the intervention group, SSC was immediately initiated for 90 min upon returning to the ward after cesarean delivery, followed by daily SSC for≥2 h until 42 d postpartum. Propensity score matching was used for 1∶1 matching to control for confounders, resulting in 82 dyads per group. Two independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test and repeated-measures analysis of variance were used to compare the data between the two groups, including first breastfeeding scores and success rates, the initiation time of lactation, the incidence of delayed lactation, exclusive breastfeeding rates, breastfeeding self-efficacy, and breastfeeding duration. Results:Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed higher first breastfeeding score [11 (11-11) vs. 10 (8-11) scores, Z=30.43] and success rate [82.9% (68/82) vs. 69.5% (57/82), χ2=4.07], shorter initiation time of lactation [45 (35-48) vs. 48 (40-72) h, Z=12.60], and lower incidence of delayed lactation [17.1% (14/82) vs. 32.9% (27/82), χ2=4.68] (all P<0.05). The exclusive breastfeeding rates at 3 d, 42 d, and 3 months after birth were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group [76.8% (63/82) vs. 58.5% (48/82), 81.7% (67/82) vs. 67.1% (55/82), 80.5% (66/82) vs. 64.6% (53/82); χ2=5.46, 3.87, 4.41; all P<0.05]. The breastfeeding self-　efficacy scores at 3 d, 42 d, 3 months, and 6 months after birth were also higher in the intervention group [(54.7±6.0) vs. (51.3±9.0) scores, (57.9±5.7) vs. (53.3±8.4) scores, (58.5±7.0) vs. (54.3±7.9) scores, (56.5±8.0) vs. (52.4±11.6) scores; t=－2.81,－4.12,－3.63,－2.63; all P<0.05]. Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed significant time, group, and interaction effects on self-efficacy ( F=24.29, 13.02, 3.28; all P<0.05). Conclusion:Prolonged SSC after cesarean section promotes the success of early breastfeeding during hospitalization, improves maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy, and increases the exclusive breastfeeding rate within the first 3 months after delivery.