Objective: To explore the early effects of birth weight at different gestational ages on blood pressure trajectory among primary school students, so as to provide evidence for incorporating gestational age birth weight into individualized early warning and intervention strategies for childhood hypertension. Methods: From May to November 2023, a purposeful sampling method was used to recruit 1 676 students in grade 1-3 from three primary schools in a certain urban district of Chongqing. Follow up assessments were conducted in May 2024(T1), November 2024(T2), and May 2025(T3). General demographic and birth related information were collected via self administered questionnaires, while height, weight and blood pressure were obtained through physical examinations. Linear mixed effects model was used to analyze the associations between birth weight at different gestational ages and blood pressure trajectories. Results: During the T1-T3 period, the systolic blood pressure of boys were 98.5 (93.0, 104.5 ),98.5 (93.5, 105.0), and 97.5 (92.5, 103.5)mmHg, respectively, while the diastolic blood pressure were 60.5 (56.5, 65.0), 61.5 ( 57.0 , 65.5), and 60.0 (56.0, 64.0)mmHg, respectively. For girls, the systolic blood pressure were 95.5 (90.0, 102.0),95.5 (90.5, 101.5), and 96.0 (90.5, 101.5)mmHg, respectively, and the diastolic blood pressure were 60.5 (56.0, 64.5 ),61.5 (57.5, 65.5), and 59.5 (56.0, 63.0)mmHg, respectively. Through Friedman test within both boys and girls, diostolic blood pressure were statistically significant across three measurements( χ 2=48.85，81.54，both P <0.01). The proportion of normal blood pressure increased , and the proportion of prehypertension and hypertension decreased with time( χ 2=39.72，25.62，both P < 0.01 ). Linear mixed effects model analysis revealed that after adjusting for age, sex, household income monthly, parental education, family history of hypertension and maternal pregnancy complications, large for gestational age had significantly higher trajectories of systolic ( β = 1.50) and diastolic( β =0.94) blood pressure compared to appropriate for gestational age(both P <0.01). Conclusion Large for gestational age is associated with elevated blood pressure trajectories during school age, and it may be considered as an early indicator for individualized screening and intervention for childhood hypertension.

AIM To establish the preparation process and quality standard for Zhenggu Pills.METHODS With decoction time,decoction frequency and water addition as influencing factors,comprehensive score for extract yield and transfer rates of epicatechin and naringin as an evaluation index,the decoction process was optimized by orthogonal test.With sugarless paste relative density,medicinal powder fineness,sugarless paste-corn starch ratio,drying temperature and drying time as influencing factors,soft material traits,pill formability,moisture and disintegration time limit as evaluation indices,the formability process was optimized by single factor test.TLC was adopted in the qualitative identification of Dipsaci Radix,salt-processed Psoraleae Fructus,cooked Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma.HPLC was used for the content determination of paeoniflorin and naringin.RESULTS The optimal decoction process was determined to be 0.5 h for decoction time,two times for decoction frequency,and 10 times for water addition,the comprehensive score was 0.93.The optimal formability process was determined to be 1.21-1.22 for sugarless paste relative density,80 mesh for medicinal powder fineness,1∶0.17-1∶0.18 for sugarless paste-corn starch ratio,70 ℃ for drying temperature,and 24 h for drying time,good soft material traits and pill formability were observable,and moisture and disintegration time limit accored with 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia requirements.The TLC spots were clear without negative interference.Two constituents showed good linear relationships within 61.30-490.41 μg/mL(r=0.999 8)and 3.27-26.18 μg/mL(r=0.999 8),whose average recoveries were 100.15％and 98.15％with the RSDs of 0.55％and 2.30％,respectively.CONCLUSION This stable,reliable and specific method can be used for the production and quality evaluation of Zhenggu Pills.

AIM To establish the quantitative models for gallic acid,mononucleoside,loganin,resveratrol,and rhein in Yishen Xiezhuo Mixture.METHODS HPLC was adopted in the content determination of various effective components,after which the near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)data were collected in 128 batches of samples and pretreatment was conducted,competitive adaptive reweighting sampling(CARS)algorithm was used for screening wavelength,partial least square method(PLS)regression analysis was performed.RESULTS There were no significant differences between the predicted values obtained by PLS models and measured values obtained by HPLC for various effective components(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION The quantitative models established by NIRS combined with chemometrics display good predictive performance,which can be used for the rapid determination of effective components in Yishen Xiezhuo Mixture,and provide a reference for the rapid monitoring of other traditional Chinese medicine preparations in production processes.

AIM To investigate the ameliorative effects of Compound Fufangteng Mixture(CFM)on cyclophosphamide(CTX)-induced immunosuppression in mice.METHODS Forty-eight male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the blank control group,the model group,the levamisole hydrochloride group(40 mg/kg)and the low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose CFM groups(3.75,7.5,10 g/kg),with 8 mice in each group,and given respective intervention orally once daily for 14 days.On the 5th to 7th day of administration,with the blank control group given normal saline intraperitoneally,the other groups underwent intraperitoneal CTX injections(80 mg/kg).24 hours after the last administration,organ indices of thymus and spleen were calculated;splenic histopathological alterations were assessed by HE staining;serum levels of IL-2,IL-6 and IgG were quantified using ELISA;splenic CD4+,CD8+T lymphocytes,alongside CD86+and CD206+macrophages populations were analyzed by flow cytometry;and splenic expression of CD4,CD8 and F4/80 was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS In CTX-treated mice,CFM administration mitigated body weight loss;enhanced thymus weight and thymic index;ameliorated splenic immune cell populations,elevated serum levels of cytokines IL-2,IL-6 and IgG in serum;and upregulated splenic levels of CD45+CD3+T lymphocytes and F4/80+CD11b+macrophages,alongside increasing the expression of CD4,CD8 and F4/80 surface markers.CONCLUSION CFM alleviates CTX-induced immunosuppression state in mice by modulating immune cells,restoring immune function and enhancing anti-inflammatory and tissue repair capabilities.

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of shear wave elastography(SWE)for clinically significant prostate cancer(csPCa).Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 359 cases with suspected prostate cancer(PCa)in Baoji Central Hospital from June 2017 to July 2023.All the patients underwent the following examinations in the order of serum prostate-spe-cific antigen(PSA)testing,transrectal ultrasonography(TRUS),measurement of the stiffness of the entire prostate gland by SWE,and TRUS-guided prostate puncture biopsy.The stiffness of the entire prostate gland was defined as the average of Young's modulus at both sides of the base,middle,and apex of the prostate,including the maximum Young's modulus(Emax),mean Young's modulus(Emean),and minimum Young's modulus(Emin).We analyzed the correlation of the parameters of the stiffness of the entire prostate gland with the pathological results,focusing on their diagnostic performance for csPCa.Results:Of the 359 cases,189 were diag-nosed by pathological puncture biopsy as BPH,26 as non-csPCa,and 144 as csPCa.The PSA level,Emax,Emean and Emin were significantly higher in the csPCa than those in the BPH and non-csPCa groups(all P＜0.01),but showed no statistically significant difference between the BPH and non-csPCa groups(all P＞0.05).The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC),optimal cut-off value,sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value(PPV),negative predictive value(NPV)and accura-cy of Emax in the diagnosis of csPCa were 0.852,143.92 kPa,72.22％,84.65％,75.91％,81.98％and 79.67％;those of Emean were 0.868,82.42 kPa,67.36％,91.16％,83.62％,80.66％and 81.62％;and those of Emin were 0.682,32.73 kPa,47.22％,89.30％,73.91％,71.54％and 72.14％,respectively.In the non-csPCa group,Emax,Emean and Emin were found be-low the optimal cut-off value in 73.08％(19/26),92.31％(24/26)and 88.46％(23/26),respectively.Conclusion:The stiff-ness of the entire prostate gland measured by SWE contributes to the diagnosis of csPCa,reduces unnecessary detection of non-csPCa,and provides some reference for its active surveillance.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of thickness changes in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer(pRNFL)and identify related risk factors in patients with Moyamoya disease(MMD).Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 150 MMD patients(150 eyes)aged 6-65 years admitted to the Neurosurgery Department of the Fifth Medical Center,Chinese PLA General Hospital from May 2016 to December 2023(observation group),and 150 age-matched healthy volunteers(150 eyes)from the hospital's ophthalmology outpatient department(control group).Both groups were subdivided into pediatric(≤18 years),young adult(18-40 years),and middle-aged(40-65 years)subgroups.The pRNFL thickness in four quadrants was measured by optical coherence tomography(OCT):superior(pRNFL-Sup),inferior(pRNFL-Inf),nasal(pRNFL-Nas),temporal(pRNFL-Tmp),and average thickness(pRNFL-Avg).General clinical data and pRNFL thickness were compared between two groups.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for pRNFL thinning in MMD patients.The cohort was randomly divided into training(n=210)and validation(n=90)sets at a 7:3 ratio.A predictive model for pRNFL thinning in MMD patients was constructed based on logistic regression results.Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC),and clinical utility was assessed via decision curve analysis.Results Compared with control group,MMD patients exhibited significantly reduced pRNFL-Avg,pRNFL-Sup,pRNFL-Tmp,and pRNFL-Inf thickness(P<0.05 or P<0.001),while pRNFL-Nas showed no significant difference(P>0.05).In the pediatric subgroup,pRNFL-Avg and pRNFL-Inf were thinner(P<0.05).In the young adult subgroup,pRNFL-Avg and pRNFL-Sup were reduced(P<0.001 or P<0.05).In the middle-aged subgroup,pRNFL-Avg,pRNFL-Sup,pRNFL-Inf,and pRNFL-Tmp were all thinner(P<0.05 or P<0.001).Multivariate logistic regression identified visual field defects(OR=15.28,95%CI 2.95-79.10),disease duration(OR=1.11,95%CI 1.05-1.18),and the number of involved cerebral vessels(OR=1.49,95%CI 1.01-2.22)as independent risk factors for pRNFL thinning.The predictive model achieved AUC of 0.94(95%CI 0.91-0.97)and 0.95(95%CI 0.91-0.99)in the training and validation sets,respectively.Decision curve analysis confirmed the model's favorable clinical net benefit.Conclusion Thinning of pRNFL was observed in Moyamoya disease patients with visual field defects,disease duration,and cerebral vascular involvement identified as independent risk factors for pRNFL atrophy.

Objective To investigate the effects of remimazolam(REM)on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury(CIRI)rats and the AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)/NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)signaling pathway.Methods One hundred rats were selected to construct the CIRI rat model(Mod)and stochastically separated into a Mod group,low,medium,and high dose remifentanil groups(REM-L,REM-M,REM-H),and high dose remifentanil+pathway inhibitor Compound C group(REM-H+Compound C),with 20 rats in each group.Another 20 healthy rats were included as the control(Ctrl)group.All rats were subjected to neurobehavioral scoring.The water content,infarct area,and oxidative stress indicators of brain tissue were detected.The morphology and apoptosis of brain tissue were observed by HE and TUNEL staining.Western blotting was applied to detect protein expression related to the AMPK/NLRP3 signaling pathway.Results Compared with the Mod group,with the increase of REM dose,the movement disorders in rats were alleviated,the overall structure of brain tissue gradually recovered,pathological damage was reduced,the area of cerebral infarction,brain water content,and apoptosis rate of brain tissue cells decreased,reactive oxygen species(ROS)level,malondialdehyde(MDA)content,and NLRP3 and Caspase-1 protein expression levels decreased,superoxide dismutase the(SOD)content and AMPK protein expression level increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the REM-H group,the REM-H+Compound C group showed aggravated motor disorders,and more severe pathological damage to brain tissue,the area of cerebral infarction,cerebral water content and apoptosis rate of brain tissue cells increased,the ROS level,MDA content and the protein expression of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 increased,while the content of SOD and the protein expression decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion Remimazolam can enhance the antioxidant function of the body,reduce brain cell apoptosis,alleviate brain tissue injury,and thus have a certain protective effect on ischemia-reperfusion brain injury in rats,the mechanism of which may be related to the activation of the AMPK/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

mRNA therapy is an emerging treatment that has become a frontier and hot topic in the field of biomedicine.To explore the trend in the development of mRNA therapy,this paper conducts an analysis from the perspectives of papers and patents,examining multiple dimensions including development trend,research areas,and high-value research.The study reveals the following findings:Global research in mRNA therapy is growing rapidly.Basic research mainly focuses on oncology,chemistry-multidisciplinary,biochemistry and molecular biology,while applied research centers on mRNA concerning genetic engineering,isolation,synthesis,purification,and the development of medicines.High-value research mainly centers on topics such as mRNA delivery,composition,manufacture,modification,and the development of various mRNA-based therapies.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of preoperative intestinal symptoms in patients with bowel endometriosis and to compare the effects of shaving versus segmental bowel resection on postoperative intestinal function.Methods A total of 105 patients diagnosed with bowel endometriosis and treated by the same surgical team at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital,Fudan University between Aug 1,2013 and Dec 30,2017 were prospectively enrolled in this study.Clinical data were collected via outpatient visits and telephone follow-ups at four time points:preoperative(T0)and postoperative(T1:Nov 2018;T2:Nov 2020;T3:Apr 2024).The primary outcome was bowel symptoms and gastrointestinal function scores;secondary outcome was pain scores.A generalized estimating equation(GEE)model was used to analyze the interaction effect of surgical approach and follow-up time on outcomes.Results Ultimately,a total of 89 patients were included(15.24%loss to follow-up),among whom 79 patients(88.76%)underwent shaving excision.Preoperatively,46 patients(51.68%)presented with bowel symptoms,primarily anus bulge(21 cases,46.65%)and diarrhea(15 cases,32.61%)during menstruation.Postoperatively,there was a significant increase in constipation rates(T1:71.43%;T2:50.00%;T3:72.00%).Both surgical groups exhibited significant improvements in dysmenorrhea,gastrointestinal discomfort scores as well as gastrointestinal quality of life index(P<0.000 5).However,the segmental resection group had significantly higher scores for low anterior resection syndrome,constipation compared with the shaving excision group(P=0.02 and P=0.05).Conclusion Approximately half of the patients with bowel endometriosis exhibit typical bowel symptoms preoperatively,such as anus bulge and diarrhea.Both shaving excision and segmental resection effectively alleviate pain;however,shaving excision demonstrates an advantage regarding preservation of bowel function,whereas segmental resection may elevate risks associated with postoperative constipation or altered defecation patterns due to structural changes.The selection of surgical approach should carefully balance lesion removal and functional preservation,moreover,be sure that potential risks are thoroughly informed to patients prior to surgery.

Aim To compare the observation results of atomic force microscopy(AFM)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and to summarize the main problems and solutions of AFM in observing biological macromolecules,using the observa-tion subjects of protein samples purified by our research group.Methods The protein samples were diluted to 15 nmol·L-1 with PBS,fixed on glass slides,silicon wafers,and mica sheets,dried,and made into solid-phase observation samples.SEM sam-ples were plated with platinum before observation.The surface structures of proteins were observed using AFM and SEM,sample heights were calculated,and differences in results were com-pared.Results Protein samples with positive charges tended to shift to the right during observation due to the repulsion of the AFM probe;mica sheets could effectively eliminate the positive charge of proteins to avoid sample movement;PBS provided a stable environment for protein samples,but the crystallization of PBS salts interfered with probe operation and imaging clarity;SEM samples needed to be plated with platinum before observa-tion and could not achieve the precision of AFM.Conclusions Both AFM and SEM can directly observe protein structures in vitro,with AFM providing higher precision results;when protein sample stability permits,ultrapure water is preferred as the sol-vent carrier,and volatile liquids such as ethanol can also serve as solvent carriers.The application of AFM offers a new approach for pharmacological studies on interactions between biological macromolecules.