ObjectiveTo establish a model that can quickly identify the aroma components in different parts of Nardostachys jatamansi， so as to provide a quality control basis for the market circulation and clinical use of N. jatamansi. MethodsHeadspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（HS-SPME-GC-MS） combined with Smart aroma database and National Institute of Standards and Technology（NIST） database were used to characterize the aroma components in different parts of N. jatamansi， and the aroma components were quantified according to relative response factor（RRF） and three internal standards， and the markers of aroma differences in different parts of N. jatamansi were identified by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） and cluster thermal analysis based on variable importance in the projection（VIP） value >1 and P<0.01. The odor data of different parts of N. jatamansi were collected by Heracles Ⅱ Neo ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose， and the correlation between compound types of aroma components collected by the ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose and the detection results of HS-SPME-GC-MS was investigated by drawing odor fingerprints and odor response radargrams. Chromatographic peak information with distinguishing ability≥0.700 and peak area≥200 was selected as sensor data， and the rapid identification model of different parts of N. jatamansi was established by principal component analysis（PCA）， discriminant factor alysis（DFA）， soft independent modeling of class analogies（SIMCA） and statistical quality control analysis（SQCA）. ResultsThe HS-SPME-GC-MS results showed that there were 28 common components in the underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi， of which 22 could be quantified and 12 significantly different components were screened out. Among these 12 components， the contents of five components（ethyl isovalerate， 2-pentylfuran， benzyl alcohol， nonanal and glacial acetic acid，） in the aboveground part of N. jatamansi were significantly higher than those in the underground part（P<0.01）， the contents of β-ionone， patchouli alcohol， α-caryophyllene， linalyl butyrate， valencene， 1，8-cineole and p-cymene in the underground part of N. jatamansi were significantly higher than those in the aboveground part（P<0.01）. Heracles Ⅱ Neo electronic nose results showed that the PCA discrimination index of the underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi was 82， and the contribution rates of the principal component factors were 99.94% and 99.89% when 2 and 3 principal components were extracted， respectively. The contribution rate of the discriminant factor 1 of the DFA model constructed on the basis of PCA was 100%， the validation score of the SIMCA model for discrimination of the two parts was 99， and SQCA could clearly distinguish different parts of N. jatamansi. ConclusionHS-SPME-GC-MS can clarify the differential markers of underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi. The four analytical models provided by Heracles Ⅱ Neo electronic nose（PCA， DFA， SIMCA and SQCA） can realize the rapid identification of different parts of N. jatamansi. Combining the two results， it is speculated that terpenes and carboxylic acids may be the main factors contributing to the difference in aroma between the underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi.

Objective To investigate the effects of oral use combined with percutaneous iontophoresis of Osteoking(mainly composed of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium,Carthami Flos,Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma,Eucommiae Cortex,Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma,Daturae Flos,Astragali Radix,Radixet Caulis Schizophragma Integrifolia,and Trionycis Carapax)on the pain,lumbar function and serological indicators of the patients with lumbar disc herniation(LDH).Methods Ninety-two patients with LDH were randomly divided into control group(31 cases),oral use group(31 cases)and combination group(30 cases).The control group was given oral administration of Celecoxib,the oral use group was given oral administration of Osteoking,and the combination group was given oral administration combined with percutaneous iontophoresis of Osteoking.The course of treatment for the 3 groups covered 6 weeks.The changes of pain visual analogue scale(VAS)score,lumbar function Japanese Orthopedic Association(JOA)score,serum tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α)and matrix metalloproteinase 3(MMP-3)levels in the three groups were observed before and after treatment.Results(1)During the trial,there were 2 patients from both control group and oral use group lost to follow-up,but none of the combination group was lost to follow-up.Eventually,29 patients in the control group,29 patients in the oral group and 30 patients in the combination group were included in the statistical analysis.(2)After treatment,the pain VAS score and lumbar function JOA score in the three groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05).The intergroup comparison showed that the decrease of pain VAS score and lumbar function JOA score in the combination group was significantly superior to that in the control group and the oral use group(P＜0.05),while there was no significant difference between the control group and the oral use group(P＞0.05).(3)After treatment,the serum TNF-α level in the three groups was significantly lower than that before treatment(P＜0.05),while no significant difference of TNF-α level was presented among the three groups after treatment(P＞0.05).(4)After treatment,the serum MMP-3 level in the oral use group and combination group was significantly lower than that before treatment(P＜0.05),but no obvious change of MMP-3 level was shown in the control group(P＞0.05).The intergroup comparison showed that the decrease of serum MMP-3 level in the oral use group and combination group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.05),while no significant difference of TNF-αlevel was presented between the oral use group and combination group(P＞0.05).Conclusion Osteoking is effective on relieving the pain symptoms of LDH patients,improving the lumbar activity function,and decreasing the levels of serum TNF-α and MMP-3.The efficacy of Osteoking by oral use combined with percutaneous iontophoresis is stronger than that of Osteoking orally alone or Celecoxib.

To develop a framework for clinical teaching management (CTM) position competencies, and to initiate the preliminary application of this framework.

Objective To assess ocular biometric parameters among primary and secondary school students from Naxi,Bai and Han ethnic groups in Yunnan Province.Methods The school-based study was conducted in October 2020.A total of 724 second-,third-and seventh-graders were selected from Dali and Lijiang,where Bai and Naxi ethnic groups inhabit,using a stratified cluster sampling method to receive questionnaire surveys and eye examinations.Non-cycloplegic spherical equivalent(SE),axial length(AL),anterior chamber depth(ACD),corneal radius of curvature(CR),central corneal thickness(CCT),white-to-white(WTW)distance,and the AL/CR ratio were measured.Covariance analysis was used to examine the differences in SE and ocular biometric parameters in terms of ethnicity,sex and grade,while Pearson correlation was used to test the associations among the said indicators.Results There were no significant differences in daily outdoor time,screen time and sleep time among the three ethnic groups regardless of grades(all P＞0.05).The mean CCT of Naxi students was lower than that of Han and Bai students[grade 2 and grade 3:(542.48±39.76)μm vs.(553.81±31.83)μm and(559.27±32.79)μm;grade7:(538.86±34.91)μm vs.(547.41±33.55)μm and(548.26± 32.98)μm,all P＜0.05],while no significant differences were found in the other ocular biometric parameters among the three ethnic groups(all P＞0.05).Among the seventh-graders,the SE,AL and AL/CR ratio of Naxi students were signifi-cantly different from those of Han and Bai students(all P＜0.05).The AL,CR,ACD,CCT,WTW distance,and mean SE were lower in girls than in boys(all P＜0.05).Compared with grade 2 and grade 3,students of grade 7 had longer AL,deeper ACD and thinner CCT(all P＜0.05),while no significant differences were found in CR and WTW distance(all P＞0.05).Correlation analysis showed that the AL/CR ratio was highly correlated with SE(r=-0.78,P＜0.05).Conclu-sion Multiethnic primary and secondary school students may face similar environmental risks.Yet,disparities in ocular biometric parameters caused by ethnicity,sex and age should be noted.

Objective To investigate the relationship between nuclear factor(NF)-κB signaling pathway and gender differences in alcoholic liver fibrosis. Methods C57BL/6 N mice at 7-8 weeks of age were randomly divided into: male normal group, male model group, female normal group and female model group of 20 mice each. The normal group was fed with control liquid diet for 8 weeks, and the model group was fed with alcoholic liquid diet for 8 weeks combined with 31.5% ethanol gavage (5g/kg twice a week) to establish an alcoholic liver fibrosis model. The mice were executed at the end of 8 weekends, and the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, estradiol (E

BACKGROUND:Periodontitis is an inflammatory and destructive disease with plaque biofilm as the main pathogenic material,which occurs in the gingiva,periodontal ligament,alveolar bone and cementum.The antigen of bacterial complex and its secreted toxin and enzyme directly lead to the destruction of periodontal tissue and trigger the host's immune response,causing indirect damage to the body tissue.Silence information regulatory factors(Sirtuins,SIRTs)play an important role in anti-aging,anti-oxidative stress,regulating inflammation,and mediating autophagy,and are closely related to the occurrence and development of periodontitis. OBJECTIVE:To review the research status of Sirtuins in periodontitis. METHODS:The first author used the computer to search the relevant research regarding the role of Sirtuins in periodontitis in PubMed,Web of Scene,CNKI and WanFang databases.The key words were"Sirtuins,Sirtuin1-7,periodontitis"in English and Chinese.After literature screening,57 articles were included for review and analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:SIRT1,SIRT2,SIRT3,and SIRT6 participate in regulating the occurrence and development of periodontitis.Inhibition of SIRT1 expression may be the target of periodontitis treatment,while overexpression of SIRT1 can inhibit periodontitis and protect periodontal tissue.The activator of SIRT1 can reduce the inflammation of periodontal tissue and improve the systemic pathological changes caused by periodontitis.SIRT2 is involved in nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase-mediated periodontal inflammation and plays a role in the treatment and prognosis of periodontal diseases.SIRT3 can improve age-related periodontal disease.Gastrodin promotes the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells through the up-regulation of SIRT3.The activator of SIRT3 reduces the damage of periodontitis to periodontal and renal tissues by regulating the level of autophagy in the cells.SIRT6 can inhibit the inflammatory reaction of periodontal tissue and inhibit the differentiation and mineralization of cementoblasts.SIRT6 is beneficial to the prognosis of periapical periodontitis.The relationship between SIRT4,SIRT5,SIRT7 and periodontitis is rarely reported.

AIM To investigate the variation rules of main secondary metabolites in Hedysari Radix before and after rubbing strip.METHODS UPLC-MS/MS was adopted in the content determination of formononetin,ononin,calycosin,calycosin-7-glucoside,medicarpin,genistein,luteolin,liquiritigenin,isoliquiritigenin,vanillic acid,ferulic acid,γ-aminobutyric acid,adenosine and betaine,after which cluster analysis,principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis were used for chemical pattern recognition to explore differential components.RESULTS After rubbing strip,formononetin,calycosin,liquiritigenin and γ-aminobutynic acid demonstrated increased contents,along with decreased contents of ononin,calycosin-7-glucoside and vanillic acid.The samples with and without rubbing strip were clustered into two types,calycosin-7-glucoside,formononetin,γ-aminobutynic acid,vanillic acid,calycosin-7-glucoside and formononetin were differential components.CONCLUSION This experiment clarifies the differences of chemical constituents in Hedysari Radix before and after rubbing strip,which can provide a reference for the research on rubbing strip mechanism of other medicinal materials.

Bone organoids can simulate the complex structure and function of the bone tissues, which makes them a frontier technology in organoid researches. Bone organoids show a tremendous potential of applications in bone disease modeling, bone injury repair, and medicine screening. Although advancements have been made so far in constructing bone organoids with functional structures like mineralization, bone marrow, trabecular bone, callus, woven bone, etc, the researches in this field are confronted with numerous challenges such as lack of standardized construction strategies and unified evaluation criteria, which limits their further promotion and application. To standardize researches in bone organoids, the Orthopedic Expert Committee of Geriatric Branch of Chinese Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics, the Youth Osteoporosis Group of Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Association, the Osteoporosis Group of Orthopedic Surgeon Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, and the Osteoporosis Committee of Shanghai Association of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine organized related experts to formulate Expert consensus on the construction, evaluation, and application of bone organoids ( version 2024) based on an evidence-based approach. A total of 17 recommendations were put forth, aiming to standardize researches and clinical applications of bone organoids and enhance their value in scientific research and clinical practice.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in children in Nanchang and its correlation with climate environmental factors. METHODS: The clinical data were collected from children with acute respiratory infection in Nanchang who were tested for RSV at Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital from January 2019 to December 2023, along with climate environmental data for the same period. The epidemiological characteristics of RSV and their correlation with climate environmental factors were investigated. RESULTS: A total of 178 127 children underwent RSV testing from January 2019 to December 2023, with a positive detection rate of 8.35% (14 873/178 127). The positive detection rate in males was 8.92% (10 137/113 660), which was higher than that in females (7.35%, 4 736/64 467). The differences in RSV positive detection rates among different age groups were statistically significant (P<0.001), with the highest rate observed in the 0 to <3 months age group (14.38%, 3 328/23 142). Peaks in RSV positive detection occurred during winter and spring periods in 2019, 2020, and 2022, while in 2023, it occurred in spring and summer periods, with no seasonality noted in 2021. The RSV positive detection rate showed a positive correlation with average humidity, average atmospheric pressure, monthly PM_2.5, and monthly carbon monoxide levels (P<0.05), while it showed a negative correlation with average wind speed, average temperature, and maximum 8-hour ozone levels (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS In Nanchang, the RSV positive detection rate in children with acute respiratory infection is higher in males than in females. Among children of all age groups, the infants aged 0 to <3 months have the highest detection rate of RSV. RSV infection predominantly occurs in winter and spring periods. Lower temperatures, lower wind speeds, higher humidity, and elevated levels of PM_2.5 and carbon monoxide may increase the risk of RSV infection in children.
Humans ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/epidemiology* ; Male ; Female ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Seasons ; Infant, Newborn ; Climate ; China/epidemiology* ; Child ; Humidity ; Temperature ; Particulate Matter/analysis*

OBJECTIVE: To explore the immunological mechanisms underlying spermatogenetic malfunction in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) based on bioinformatics and machine learning, and to screen out the key genes associated with spermatogenesis failure. METHODS: NOA-related datasets were obtained from the GEO database, and the differentially expressed genes identified by differential analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). A model of spermatogenesis scoring was established for analysis of the immunological microenvironment and cell interaction networks related to spermatogenesis failure. The key genes were screened out by machine learning, followed by analysis of their correlation with T cells and macrophages. An NOA mouse model was constructed for validation of transcriptome sequencing. RESULTS: Seventy-five differentially expressed genes were identified for the establishment of the spermatogenesis scoring model. The low spermatogenesis score group showed a higher infiltration of the immune cells, with an increased proportion of T cells and macrophages and a correlation of cell interaction signals with immunity. SOX30, KCTD19, ASRGL1 and DRC7 were identified by machine learning as the key genes related to spermatogenesis, with down-regulated expressions in the NOA group, and their expression levels negatively correlated with the infiltration of T cells and macrophages. The accuracy of the spermatogenesis scoring and machine learning models, as well as the trend of the expression levels of the key genes, was successfully validated with the transcriptome sequencing data on the NOA mouse testis. CONCLUSION The development of NOA is closely associated with enhanced immunological microenvironment in the testis. T cells and macrophages may play important roles in spermatogenesis failure. SOX30, KCTD19, ASRGL1 and DRC7 are potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of NOA.
Male ; Azoospermia/genetics* ; Machine Learning ; Animals ; Computational Biology ; Mice ; Humans ; Spermatogenesis/genetics* ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Macrophages/immunology* ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology* ; Transcriptome