ObjectiveTo explore the vascular endothelial injury in male mice caused by exposure to polystyrene microplastics （PS-MPs） and the intervention effect of luteolin on vascular remodeling. Additionally， to investigate the mechanism through the oxidative system and metabolomics. MethodsThirty-two C57BL/6 mice （6-8 weeks old） were randomly divided into the saline group （saline group）， the 0.1 mg/kg PS-MPs exposure group （0.1PS-MPs group）， the 1 mg/kg PS-MPs exposure group （1PS-MPs group）， and the 1 mg/kg PS-MPs + luteolin treatment group （1PS-MPs + Lut group）， with 8 mice in each group. After 8 weeks of intervention， the body weight， blood pressure， aortic organ coefficient， and aortic histopathological changes of mice in each group were detected； the total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） lipid metabolism-related indicators in the aorta of mice were detected； the reactive oxygen species （ROS）， glutathione （GSH）， and malondialdehyde （MDA） oxidative stress-related indicators were detected； the endothelin （ET-1）， nitric oxide （NO）， vascular endothelial growth factor A （VEGF-A）， vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 （VCAM-1/CD106）， and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1/CD54） endothelial function-related indicators and serum metabolomics were detected. ResultsCompared to the saline group， exposure to PS-MPs resulted in pathological thickening of the mouse aorta， increased aortic organ coefficient， and elevated blood pressure. Lipid metabolism-related indicators， including TC and TG， were elevated， while HDL-C was reduced， indicating lipid metabolism disorder in mice. Oxidative stress markers such as ROS and MDA increased， whereas GSH decreased， demonstrating oxidative damage. Vascular endothelial inflammation and injury markers， including ET-1， VEGF-A， VCAM-1， and ICAM-1， were upregulated， while the vasodilatory substance NO was downregulated， confirming endothelial injury. Furthermore， serum metabolomics results revealed that PS-MPs exposure induced endothelial damage by disrupting metabolic pathways such as the citrate cycle. Compared to the PS-MPs group， luteolin significantly reversed these effects， attenuating oxidative stress and lipid metabolism disorders， and effectively repairing endothelial injury. ConclusionPS-MPs induce vascular toxicity through oxidative stress and lipid metabolism. Luteolin effectively alleviates endothelial damage and vascular remodeling.

Objective Patients with lung cancer often experience interrelated symptoms such as fatigue, pain, and sleep disturbances during chemotherapy, forming a core symptom cluster that significantly impacts daily functioning, treatment experience, and quality of life. Currently, evidence on non-pharmacological management of this core symptom cluster is scattered, and there is a lack of standardized, patient- and caregiver-friendly guidance tools that are easy to understand and implement. This patient guideline aims to provide decision support for self-management of the core symptom cluster in patients undergoing chemotherapy for lung cancer. Methods Guided by evidence-based methodology, qualitative interviews and on-site questionnaire surveys were conducted to identify the health-related needs of stakeholders. Domestic and international guideline websites, relevant professional association websites, and comprehensive databases were systematically searched according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The included literature was evaluated for quality, and recommendations were extracted, integrated, and graded to form a summary of the best evidence. Based on the identified health issues and evidence summary, preliminary recommendations for the patient guideline were developed. The recommendations were then revised through two rounds of Delphi expert consultation, and consensus was reached on the strength of recommendations, forming the final version of the patient guideline. Results The patient guideline covered four major sections: screening and assessment of core symptom clusters, daily management, intervention measures, and timing of referral. The core content included nine aspects: screening of core symptom clusters, assessment, lifestyle habits, dietary interventions, sleep environment, exercise interventions, psychological interventions, Traditional Chinese Medicine interventions, and referral indications. In total, the guidelines addressed 16 health issues and provided 25 recommendations. Conclusion The development process of this patient guideline is rigorous and fully considered the needs of patients. Expert review concludes that the recommendations are highly feasible and appropriate.

Organic ultraviolet absorbers (OUVs) have been widely used in personal care products and industrial products due to their unique physicochemical properties. However, with the advancement of science and technology and the deepening of research, the potential risks of OUVs have gradually emerged. They have been proven to be persistent, bioconcentrated and potential endocrine disruptors that may pose a threat to human health. In recent years, some OUVs have been widely detected in environmental and human samples worldwide, and the concentration of detection has been increasing year by year, which has attracted extensive attention both domestically and internationally. This article summarizes the research results of OUVs exposure in recent years from two aspects: external environmental exposure and internal human exposure, aiming to provide a valuable reference for the subsequent research on human exposure and health risk assessment of OUVs.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Objective To explore the feasibility and corresponding implementation methods of constructing a sample resource bank based on individual-level data of completed clinical trials and using it to construct external controls for drug/device clinical trials.Methods Taking the pre-marketing clinical trial of transcatheter active valve replacement(TAVR)for the treatment of aortic valve stenosis as an example,the individual-level databases of multiple trials were standardized to form a sample bank.The original data of any trial in the sample bank were selected as the experimental group,and the remaining samples were selected as the control group.The potential confounding was handled by using the propensity score matching and stratification methods to clarify the process of constructing external controls based on the sample bank of individual-level data of clinical trials.Results This study included individual-level data of single-group trials of 4 TAVR devices,with a total of 569 subjects(59.2%male).The number of subjects in Trials 1 to 4 was 120,120,163,and 166,respectively.Propensity score matching enabled the matching of 113,117,125,and 147 subjects with comparable or similar characteristics from individual-level data from other trials,respectively,demonstrating a high matching success rate.The PS score distribution plot after stratification showed that the proportions of subjects in the experimental and control groups in strata 1 to 5 in scheme 1 were 4/103,11/103,22/92,32/87,and 51/64,respectively.For all constructed external controlled trials,a certain number of control samples with similar baseline characteristics to the experimental groups were distributed within each propensity score stratum.The results of the simulation test also reflected the potential differences between different devices in the 12-month all-cause mortality rate.Conclusions The sample bank constructed with individual-level data from clinical trials,as a high-quality data source,can serve as a source of external control for single-arm trials in the same field,and as a useful supplement to the external control scenario of real-world evidence to support drug and device development.At the same time,targeted research on research methods and bias control measures in related fields is also needed.

Objective:To investigate the distribution of CGG repeat numbers in the FMR1 gene among reproductive-age women in China, providing data reference for carrier screening and genetic counseling of Fragile X syndrome. Methods:This cross-sectional study recruited 16 610 reproductive-age women from 12 medical institutions between July 2022 and October 2023. Peripheral venous blood samples (3 mL) were collected, and genomic DNA was extracted. The number of CGG repeats in the FMR1 gene was determined using the triplet-primed polymerase chain reaction (TP-PCR) combined with capillary electrophoresis technology. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the prevalence and distribution of CGG repeat expansions. Results:Among 16 610 women of childbearing age, 5 684 (34.220%) women had the same number of CGG repeats in the two alleles of FMR1 gene, and 10 926 (65.780%) women had different numbers of repeats in the two alleles. Among the 33 220 FMR1 alleles in 16 610 women of reproductive age, the most common CGG repeat numbers were 29 [48.645% (16 160/33 220)] and 30 [26.276% (8 729/33 220)], while the most frequent CGG genotype was CGG 29/29 [24.726% (4 107/16 610)]. The CGG repeat numbers of FMR1 gene were normal in 16 498 women (99.326%). Among the 112 women (0.674%) with CGG repeat abnormities, 96 (0.578%) women were classified as intermediate carriers, 15 (0.090%) as premutation carriers, and 1 (0.006%) as a full mutation carrier, whose CGG genotype was (36, >200). Conclusion:In the general reproductive-age female population in China, the normal CGG repeat numbers of the FMR1 gene account for 99.326%, while the intermediate carrier rate is 0.578%, and the combined carrier rate of the premutation and full mutation types is 0.096%.

Objective To determine the application effect of esketamine pretreatment in laparoscopic high ligation of hernia sac in children.Methods A total of 70 children who received laparoscopic high ligation of hernia sac under general anesthesia were selected and divided into the control group and the observation group according to the random number table method,with 35 cases in each group.The control group received conventional general anesthesia,while the observation group was intravenously injected with 0.5 mg/kg of esketamine 15 minutes before the induction of general anesthesia.The preoperative anxiety score,respiratory mechanics indexes,lung injury status,anesthesia recovery,and adverse reactions during the awakening period were compared between the two groups.Results The anxiety scores of the observation group 10 minutes before anesthesia and immediately before anesthesia were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).The peak airway pressure and mean airway pressure of the observation group 30 minutes after establishing pneumoperitoneum and at the end of the operation were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).The levels of interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)at the end of the operation in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the time of spontaneous breathing recovery,time to regain consciousness,tracheal extubation time,or post-anesthesia care unit(PACU)stay time between the two groups(P>0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions during the anesthetic awakening period in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Esketamine pretreatment can significantly alleviate preoperative separation anxiety for children undergoing laparoscopic high ligation of hernia sac,reduce lung injury,and decrease airway pressure,which is beneficial to lung protection and postoperative anesthetic recovery,and has few adverse reactions.

To analyze the relationship between serum vitamin A and E levels and asthma risk in children aged 1-14 years. Based on a multi-center case-control study design, general information and vitamin A and E test data were collected from asthmatic children in the respiratory outpatient departments of four medical institutions in Hunan Province and control children undergoing health check-ups in the child healthcare departments during the same period from July 2017 to October 2019.After 1∶1 matching age and gender using propensity scores, a total of 2 454 research subjects were included. 1 730 boys and 724 girls, with an age range of 1-14 years, a median age of 3 years and a mean age of (3.58±2.83) years. The levels of vitamin A and E in the asthma group and the control group were compared. Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between vitamin levels and asthma, and stratified analysis by age and gender was conducted. The results showed that a total of 3 447 research subjects were initially included in this study, and 2 454 research subjects were included after propensity scores matching (PSM). After matching, there was no statistically significant difference in age and gender between the two groups ( χ2=0.00 ,P>0.05), and the standardized mean difference (SMD) values were all less than 10%.The levels of vitamin A and E in the asthma group were significantly lower than those in the control group [(0.32±0.09)mg/L vs.(0.34±0.08)mg/L, t=4.94 ,P<0.001;(8.90±2.47)mg/L vs.(9.19±2.58) mg/L, t=2.79 ,P=0.005]. Compared to the normal vitamin A group, the high-risk subclinical deficiency group ( OR=1.53, 95% CI: 1.28-1.83) and the subclinical/clinical deficiency group ( OR=2.68, 95% CI: 1.81-3.97) were significantly positively associated with asthma risk. Compared to the normal vitamin E group, the vitamin E insufficient group was significantly associated with increased asthma risk ( OR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.03-1.57). Subgroup analysis revealed that subclinical/clinical vitamin A deficiency was significantly associated with increased asthma risk across all age groups and both genders (all P<0.05), whereas vitamin E insufficiency was only associated with higher asthma risk in the 1-3 age group and among girls ( P<0.05).In conclusion, subclinical or clinical deficiency of vitamin A may significantly increase the risk of asthma. Vitamin E deficiency is mainly associated with an increased risk of asthma in younger age groups (1-<3 age group) and girls.

Organic ultraviolet absorbers (OUVs) have been widely used in personal care products and industrial products due to their unique physicochemical properties. However, with the advancement of science and technology and the deepening of research, the potential risks of OUVs have gradually emerged. They have been proven to be persistent, bioconcentrated and potential endocrine disruptors that may pose a threat to human health. In recent years, some OUVs have been widely detected in environmental and human samples worldwide, and the concentration of detection has been increasing year by year, which has attracted extensive attention both domestically and internationally. This article summarizes the research results of OUVs exposure in recent years from two aspects: external environmental exposure and internal human exposure, aiming to provide a valuable reference for the subsequent research on human exposure and health risk assessment of OUVs.

Objective:To investigate the distribution of CGG repeat numbers in the FMR1 gene among reproductive-age women in China, providing data reference for carrier screening and genetic counseling of Fragile X syndrome. Methods:This cross-sectional study recruited 16 610 reproductive-age women from 12 medical institutions between July 2022 and October 2023. Peripheral venous blood samples (3 mL) were collected, and genomic DNA was extracted. The number of CGG repeats in the FMR1 gene was determined using the triplet-primed polymerase chain reaction (TP-PCR) combined with capillary electrophoresis technology. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the prevalence and distribution of CGG repeat expansions. Results:Among 16 610 women of childbearing age, 5 684 (34.220%) women had the same number of CGG repeats in the two alleles of FMR1 gene, and 10 926 (65.780%) women had different numbers of repeats in the two alleles. Among the 33 220 FMR1 alleles in 16 610 women of reproductive age, the most common CGG repeat numbers were 29 [48.645% (16 160/33 220)] and 30 [26.276% (8 729/33 220)], while the most frequent CGG genotype was CGG 29/29 [24.726% (4 107/16 610)]. The CGG repeat numbers of FMR1 gene were normal in 16 498 women (99.326%). Among the 112 women (0.674%) with CGG repeat abnormities, 96 (0.578%) women were classified as intermediate carriers, 15 (0.090%) as premutation carriers, and 1 (0.006%) as a full mutation carrier, whose CGG genotype was (36, >200). Conclusion:In the general reproductive-age female population in China, the normal CGG repeat numbers of the FMR1 gene account for 99.326%, while the intermediate carrier rate is 0.578%, and the combined carrier rate of the premutation and full mutation types is 0.096%.