Objective:To develop an indicator system for defining the health services provided by family doctors within the "Healthy Subdistrict" initiative in China.Methods:An initial set of indicators was developed through literature review and qualitative research, followed by the design of an expert consultation questionnaire. Twenty-one experts with extensive experience in community family doctor services in Beijing were selected. Two rounds of Delphi consultations were conducted via email between December 2024 and February 2025. Expert demographics and authority coefficients were collected and the indicator system was finalized.Results:The response rate was 100% for both rounds. The average expert authority coefficient ( Cr) was 0.860 (range: 0.700-1.000). Kendall′s W for importance and feasibility increased from 0.129 and 0.196 in the first round to 0.230 and 0.268 in the second round (all P<0.001), indicating strong consensus. The final system includes 5 first-level and 23 second-level indicators, categorized as: Integrated Preventive and Clinical Care Services, Healthy Community Promotion Services, Basic Medical Services, Public Health Services, and Services for Promoting Equity in Citizen Health and Well-being. The highest-weighted first-level indicators were Basic Medical Services (0.281) and Integrated Preventive and Clinical Care Services (0.281), followed by Services for Promoting Equity in Citizen Health and Well-being (0.191), Healthy Community Promotion Services (0.124), and Public Health Services (0.124). All indicators had importance and feasibility scores above 3.5. Conclusion:This study establishes a weighted indicator system to guide and evaluate the health services provided by family doctors within the "Healthy Subdistrict" initiative, clarifying key service priorities.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Shexiang Tongxin Dropping Pill (STDP) in treating stable angina patients with phlegm-heat and blood-stasis syndrome by exercise duration and metabolic equivalents. METHODS: This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial enrolled stable angina patients with phlegm-heat and blood-stasis syndrome from 22 hospitals. They were randomized 1:1 to STDP (35 mg/pill, 6 pills per day) or placebo for 56 days. The primary outcome was the exercise duration and metabolic equivalents (METs) assessed by the standard Bruce exercise treadmill test after 56 days of treatment. The secondary outcomes included the total angina symptom score, Chinese medicine (CM) symptom scores, Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) scores, changes in ST-T on electrocardiogram and adverse events (AEs). RESULTS: This trial enrolled 309 patients, including 155 and 154 in the STDP and placebo groups, respectively. STDP significantly prolonged exercise duration with an increase of 51.0 s, compared to a decrease of 12.0 s with placebo (change rate: -11.1% vs. 3.2%, P<0.01). The increase in METs was significantly greater in the STDP group than in the placebo group (change: -0.4 vs. 0.0, change rate: -5.0% vs. 0.0%, P<0.01). The improvement of total angina symptom scores (25.0% vs. 0.0%), CM symptom scores (38.7% vs. 11.8%), reduction of nitroglycerin consumption (100.0% vs. 11.3%), and all domains of SAQ, were significantly greater with STDP than placebo (all P<0.01). The changes in Q-T intervals at 28 and 56 days from baseline were similar between the two groups (both P>0.05). Twenty-five participants (16.3%) with STDP and 16 (10.5%) with placebo experienced AEs (P=0.131), with no serious AEs observed. CONCLUSION STDP could improve exercise tolerance in patients with stable angina and phlegm-heat and blood stasis syndrome, with a favorable safety profile. (Registration No. ChiCTR-IPR-15006020).
Humans ; Double-Blind Method ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/adverse effects* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Angina, Stable/physiopathology* ; Aged ; Syndrome ; Treatment Outcome ; Placebos ; Tablets

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This study aimed to characterize and identify the non-volatile components in aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the stems and leaves of Rhododendron tomentosum by using sensitive and efficient ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) combined with a self-built information database. By comparing with reference compounds, analyzing fragment ion information, searching relevant literature, and using a self-built information database, 118 compounds were identified from the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of R. tomentosum, including 35 flavonoid glycosides, 15 phenolic glycosides, 12 flavonoids, 7 phenolic acids, 7 phenylethanol glycosides, 6 tannins, 6 phospholipids, 5 coumarins, 5 monoterpene glycosides, 6 triterpenes, 3 fatty acids, and 11 other types of compounds. Among them, 102 compounds were reported in R. tomentosum for the first time, and 36 compounds were identified by comparing them with reference compounds. The chemical components in the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of R. tomentosum leaves and stems showed slight differences, with 84 common chemical components accounting for 71.2% of the total 118 compounds. This study systematically characterized and identified the non-volatile chemical components in the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of R. tomentosum for the first time. The findings provide a reference for active ingredient research, quality control, and product development of R. tomentosum.
Rhododendron/chemistry* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Mass Spectrometry/methods* ; Plant Leaves/chemistry*

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, is characterized by high mortality and recurrence rates. Common treatments include hepatectomy, liver transplantation, ablation therapy, interventional therapy, radiotherapy, systemic therapy, and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). While exhibiting specific advantages, these approaches are associated with varying degrees of adverse effects. To alleviate patients' suffering and burdens, it is crucial to explore additional treatments and elucidate the pathogenesis of HCC, laying a foundation for the development of new TCM-based drugs. With emerging research on gut microbiota, it has been revealed that microbiota plays a vital role in the development of HCC by influencing intestinal barrier function, microbial metabolites, and immune regulation. TCM, with its multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway characteristics, has been increasingly recognized as a vital therapeutic treatment for HCC, particularly in patients at intermediate or advanced stages, by prolonging survival and improving quality of life. Recent global studies demonstrate that TCM exerts anti-HCC effects by modulating gut microbiota, restoring intestinal barrier function, regulating microbial composition and its metabolites, suppressing inflammation, and enhancing immune responses, thereby inhibiting the malignant phenotype of HCC. This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which gut microbiota contributes to the development and progression of HCC and highlight the regulatory effects of TCM, addressing the current gap in systematic understanding of the "TCM-gut microbiota-HCC" axis. The findings provide theoretical support for integrating TCM with western medicine in HCC treatment and promote the transition from basic research to precision clinical therapy through microbiota-targeted drug development and TCM-based interventions.
Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/microbiology* ; Liver Neoplasms/microbiology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Animals ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective:To develop an indicator system for defining the health services provided by family doctors within the "Healthy Subdistrict" initiative in China.Methods:An initial set of indicators was developed through literature review and qualitative research, followed by the design of an expert consultation questionnaire. Twenty-one experts with extensive experience in community family doctor services in Beijing were selected. Two rounds of Delphi consultations were conducted via email between December 2024 and February 2025. Expert demographics and authority coefficients were collected and the indicator system was finalized.Results:The response rate was 100% for both rounds. The average expert authority coefficient ( Cr) was 0.860 (range: 0.700-1.000). Kendall′s W for importance and feasibility increased from 0.129 and 0.196 in the first round to 0.230 and 0.268 in the second round (all P<0.001), indicating strong consensus. The final system includes 5 first-level and 23 second-level indicators, categorized as: Integrated Preventive and Clinical Care Services, Healthy Community Promotion Services, Basic Medical Services, Public Health Services, and Services for Promoting Equity in Citizen Health and Well-being. The highest-weighted first-level indicators were Basic Medical Services (0.281) and Integrated Preventive and Clinical Care Services (0.281), followed by Services for Promoting Equity in Citizen Health and Well-being (0.191), Healthy Community Promotion Services (0.124), and Public Health Services (0.124). All indicators had importance and feasibility scores above 3.5. Conclusion:This study establishes a weighted indicator system to guide and evaluate the health services provided by family doctors within the "Healthy Subdistrict" initiative, clarifying key service priorities.

Objective To clarify the expression and distribution of brain⁃derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the cerebrum of plateau yaks and cattle, and to explore the relationship between BDNF function and the adaptability of altitude hypoxia. Methods Five yaks and five cattles were selected.The content and distribution of BDNF in frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, cerebrum white matter and hippocampus of yak and cattle were analyzed by Real⁃time PCR, Western blotting and Immunohistochemistry. Results Real⁃time PCR result showed that BDNF mRNA expression in the cerebrum of yaks and cattles was highest in temporal cortex, followed by hippocampus, parietal cortex, occipital cortex and frontal cortex, and lowest in white matter. Western blotting results showed that the content of BDNF protein in the cerebrum of yaks was the highest in temporal cortex,followed by hippocampus. The content of BDNF protein in other tissues was parietal cortex, frontal cortex and cerebrum white matter, and the content of BDNF protein was the lowest in occipital cortex. The content of BDNF protein intlecerebrum of cattles was the highest in the temporal cortex, followed by the hippocampus. The content of BDNF protein in other tissues was parietal cortex, occipital cortex and frontal cortex in descending order, and the protein content in cerebrum white matter was the lowest. Immunohistochemical results showed that the positive expression of BDNF protein in the cerebrum of yaks and cattles was basically similar, mainly distributed in the granulosa cells and glial cells in the frontal cortex, temporal cortex, parietal cortex and occipital cortex, glial cells in cerebrum white matter, pyramidal cell layer and polyform cell layer in the hippocampus. There was the small amount of distribution in Martinotti cells and the molecular layer of hippocampus in the cerebral cortex. Conclusion BDNF mRNA and protein are distributed and expressed in different brain regions of yaks and cattles, but the expression level different, which is speculated to be closely related to the specific functions of different cerebrum regions. The expression level of the cerebrum of yak is higher than that of cattle except occipital cortex, suggesting that it is related to the altitude hypoxic environment. BDNF may play an important role in enhancing hypoxic tolerance and protecting internal environmental homeostasis in the process of animal adaptation to hypoxic environment.

This experiment aims to study the taste-masking effects of different kinds of corrigent used individually and in combination on ibuprofen oral solution, in order to optimize the taste-masking formulation. Firstly, a wide range of corrigent and the mass fractions were extensively screened using electronic tongue technology. Subsequently, a combination of sensory evaluation, analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-fuzzy mathematics evaluation, and Box-Behnken experimental design were employed to comprehensively assess the taste-masking effects of different combinations of corrigent on ibuprofen oral solution, optimize the taste-masking formulation, and validate the results. The study received ethical approval from the Review Committee of the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (ethical code: 2024BZYLL0102). The results showed that corrigent fractions and types were screened separately through single-factor experiments. Subsequently, a Box-Behnken response surface design combined with AHP and fuzzy mathematics evaluation was used to fit a functional model: Z = 688.310 11 - 3 023.722 22X₁ - 11.477 00X₂ + 62.721 67X₃ + 14.600 00X₁X₂ - 179.666 67X₁X₃ - 3.152 00X₂X₃ + 4 031.111 11X₁² + 0.525 28X₂² + 9.772 00X₃². This model is stable and reliable, determining the optimal taste-masking formulation to be 3.9 g·L^-1 of stevioside, 100 g L^-1 of xylitol, and 30 g L^-1 of methyl-β-cyclodextrin. The comprehensive score of the verification test is 88.14, with a relative RSD of 0.39%, indicating the feasibility of this model. This study achieved the improvement of the taste of ibuprofen oral solution through a combination of objective and subjective methods. Three types of corrigent were identified for enhancing drug taste, leading to the selection of the optimal taste-masking formulation for ibuprofen oral solution. This significantly enhanced the taste of the original formulation, improved patient compliance, and offered a new approach to mitigating the undesirable taste of formulations.

Objective To observe the effect of etomidate on myocardial damage after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats and analyze the possible mechanisms.Methods The SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group,model group and experimental-L,-M,-H groups,with ten rats per group.The middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)was used to establish cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model rats in model group and experimental-L,-M,-H groups,while the sham-operation group only exposed the middle cerebral artery,but did not block it.At the same time as modeling,experimental-L,-M,-H groups were intraperitoneally injected with 5,15 and 25 mg·kg-1 etomidate,respectively.The sham-operation and model groups were intraperitoneally injected with an equal volume of 0.9％NaCl.Five groups were treated for 14 d with once a day.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB)levels.Terminaldeoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling method was used to detect myocardial cell apoptosis rate.Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of protein kinase B(AKT)and endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS)in myocardial tissue.Results The serum LDH levels of the sham-operation group,model group and experimental-L,-M,-H groups were(186.67±24.89),(289.91±56.26),(257.64±45.13),(226.74±39.82)and(196.43±28.82)U·L-1;the CK-MB levels were(17.81±3.41),(36.89±7.75),(31.18±6.31),(25.21±5.88)and(19.94±4.38)U·L-1;the cardiomyocyte apoptosis rates were(2.99±0.56)％,(13.51±2.37)％,(9.85±1.58)％,(5.92±0.84)％and(3.15±0.81)％;the phosphorylated-AKT/AKT ratios were 0.12±0.02,0.24±0.04,0.39±0.06,0.52±0.07 and 0.97±0.08;the phosphorylated-eNOS/eNOS ratios were 0.09±0.01,0.17±0.04,0.46±0.09,0.77±0.09 and 0.83±0.07.Comparing the model group with the sham-operation group,and comparing the experimental-L,-M,-H groups with the model group,the differences of the above indicators were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Etomidate can reduce myocardial damage after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats,possibly by activating the PI3 K/AKT/eNOS signaling pathway.

Objective To study the pharmacokinetic(PK)characteristics,bioequivalence and safety of two kinds of vildagliptin tablets in Chinese healthy subjects in postprandial state.Methods A single-center,open,balanced,randomized,single-dose,two-period,two-sequence,crossover design was adopted.Each period,subjects orally took 50 mg of the test formulation or reference formulation after a high-fat meal.Blood samples were collected at preset time points and the plasma concentration of vildagliptin was measured by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).The PK parameters were calculated using Phoenix WinNonlin 8.2 software;and the bioequivalence of the two formulations was evaluated.Demographic and baseline characteristics,as well as safety analysis of the subjects,were performed using SAS 9.4 software.Results Out of 24 subjects,one subject withdrew from the trial before administration in the first period,and another withdrew before administration in the second period.Under postprandial conditions,the main pharmacokinetic parameters of vildagliptin tablets for the test and reference formulations were Cmax were(230±73.9)and(203±44.0)ng·mL-1,AUC0-t were(1 065.93±215.46)and(1 029.30±185.78)ng·h·mL-1,AUC0-∞ were(1 078.74±217.93)and(1 041.59±190.66)ng·h·mL-1.The 90％confidence intervals for the geometric mean ratios of Cmax,AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ were within the requirements of the equivalent range of bioequivalence(80.00％-125.00％).During the trial,five subjects experienced mild adverse events,with no serious adverse events occurring.Conclusion Two kinds of vildagliptin tablets have bioequivalence in postprandial state,and have good safety and tolerability in healthy subjects.