Objective To study the effect of auditory and speech development after cochlear implant(CI)in children with bilateral cochlear nerve deficiency(CND)and its influencing factors.Methods A total of 20 children with bilateral CND were included in the study,of which 5 were implanted bilaterally and 15 unilaterally.CT of the temporal bone showed stenosis of the cochlear aperture in 14 cases and atresia of the cochlear aperture in 6 cases.There were 8 cases accompanied by other inner ear malformations,and 12 cases with no accompanying inner ear mal-formations.MRI of the internal auditory canal showed 1 nerve in 5 cases,2 nerves in 6 cases,3 nerves in 8 cases,and 4 nerves in 1 case.There were 6 cases in which the EABR was not elicited and 14 cases in which it was elicited.The postoperative auditory and speech abilities of the subjects were evaluated using categories of auditory perform-ance(CAP)and speech intelligibility rating(SIR).Results ① The CAP(P＜0.001)and SIR(P＜0.001)scores of the children with stenosis of the cochlea nerve canal were higher than those of the patients with atresia of the cochlea nerve canal.② The more nerve roots in the internal auditory canal,the higher the score of CAP(P=0.003)and SIR(P=0.008).③ CAP score of the children with EABR elicited was higher than that of the children without EABR elicited(P=0.030).The difference in SIR scores was not statistically significant(P=0.14).④The differences in CAP and SIR between those with bilateral CI and unilateral CI,as well as between those with and without other inner ear malformations,were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion Children with bi-lateral CND had significant postoperative improvement in auditory function but poor speech development after CI.Postoperative auditory speech ability was related to the condition of the cochlear foramen,the number of nerve roots in the internal auditory canal,and whether or not the EABR was elicited intraoperatively.

Acupuncture is considered both safe and effective for treating depression;however,its underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood.This article reviewed the mechanisms of acupuncture in depression from the perspective of brain network dynamics.It has been found abnormal alterations in the structural and functional brain networks,including the default mode network,cognitive control network,salience network and affective network in individuals with depression.Acupuncture has been shown to enhance the diffusion anisotropy value of white matter and repair the microstructure of white matter fiber bundles in key brain regions.It can also modulate the activation the functional brain networks,either globally or in specific network segments,improve functional connectivity within and between functional networks,regulate global transmission efficiency and connectivity patterns of functional networks,restore brain network interaction balance,regulate abnormal integration of functional networks,and improve emotional regulation ability and cognitive function,in order to alleviate the clinical symptoms of depression and serve as an effective antidepressant therapy,which can provide reference for the study of acupuncture intervention in the brain network mechanism of depression.

Objective Taking into account the physical and mental characteristics of patients with COPD,we develop and implement a lung rehabilitation education game software,aiming to explore more effective health education practices for COPD.Methods Drawing on the Health Belief Model theory,the game content was developed by semi-structured interviews,brainstorming sessions,and expert consultations,and it was implemented via a WeChat mini program.Patients with COPD from the respiratory department of a tertiary general hospital of Luzhou city between March and October 2023 were conveniently selected as the study subjects.Among them,40 patients from July to October 2023 were designated as an experimental group,and another 40 from March to June 2023 constituted a control group.The experimental group was provided with routine health education combined with pulmonary rehabilitation games,whereas the control group received standard health education.After the intervention,the researchers compared the COPD knowledge questionnaire scores and pulmonary rehabilitation adherence between the 2 groups,and assessed the satisfaction of both patients and nurses with the software.Results No sample detachment.The score of the COPD knowledge questionnaire in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(Z=5.361,P＜0.001).The proportion of patients in the experimental group with good adherence to pulmonary rehabilitation(85％)was significantly higher than it in the control group(25％),(x2=29.091,P＜0.001).The patients'overall satisfaction rate with the game was 95％,with operational effectiveness receiving the highest satisfaction rating at 97％.Conclusion The pulmonary rehabilitation education game for patients with COPD can improve their knowledge of COPD,enhance their compliance with pulmonary rehabilitation.Patients have high satisfaction with the software.The software enriches the clinical health education methods,which can be used in clinical practice.

Objective To study the effect of auditory and speech development after cochlear implant(CI)in children with bilateral cochlear nerve deficiency(CND)and its influencing factors.Methods A total of 20 children with bilateral CND were included in the study,of which 5 were implanted bilaterally and 15 unilaterally.CT of the temporal bone showed stenosis of the cochlear aperture in 14 cases and atresia of the cochlear aperture in 6 cases.There were 8 cases accompanied by other inner ear malformations,and 12 cases with no accompanying inner ear mal-formations.MRI of the internal auditory canal showed 1 nerve in 5 cases,2 nerves in 6 cases,3 nerves in 8 cases,and 4 nerves in 1 case.There were 6 cases in which the EABR was not elicited and 14 cases in which it was elicited.The postoperative auditory and speech abilities of the subjects were evaluated using categories of auditory perform-ance(CAP)and speech intelligibility rating(SIR).Results ① The CAP(P＜0.001)and SIR(P＜0.001)scores of the children with stenosis of the cochlea nerve canal were higher than those of the patients with atresia of the cochlea nerve canal.② The more nerve roots in the internal auditory canal,the higher the score of CAP(P=0.003)and SIR(P=0.008).③ CAP score of the children with EABR elicited was higher than that of the children without EABR elicited(P=0.030).The difference in SIR scores was not statistically significant(P=0.14).④The differences in CAP and SIR between those with bilateral CI and unilateral CI,as well as between those with and without other inner ear malformations,were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion Children with bi-lateral CND had significant postoperative improvement in auditory function but poor speech development after CI.Postoperative auditory speech ability was related to the condition of the cochlear foramen,the number of nerve roots in the internal auditory canal,and whether or not the EABR was elicited intraoperatively.

Objective To collect and analyze outpatient prescription data for exogenous cough treatment from a hospital in Shenzhen,and to identify the characteristics and medication patterns of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Methods This study collected prescriptions from a hospital in Shenzhen for exogenous cough treatment in January 2024.R language for data mining were used to analyze the medication frequency,clustering patterns,and association rules in the treatment of exogenous cough by TCM and to explore the medication patterns and the usage of classic formulas in TCM for this condition.Results A total of 451 outpatient prescriptions for exogenous cough were include,the top ten most frequently used herbs were Licorice,Bitter almond,Bellflower,Ephedra,Tangerine peel,Stemonae radix,Tuckahoe,Pinellia ternata,Nepeta,Bulb of thunberg fritillary.Cluster analysis and association rules revealed that San'ao decoction,Kikyodon soup,and Zhisou powder were commonly prescribed,targeting lung function,dispersing wind,and resolving phlegm to effectively alleviate cough symptoms.Significant differences in medication usage were observed across different syndrome types.For the wind cold attacking lung pattern,the core herbs were warm in nature and focused on dispersing with acrid-warm properties.Conversely,the treatment of wind heat attacking the lung pattern typically involved cold-natured herbs,with a primary focus on clearing and draining lung heat.Stratification by age revealed that the pediatric group often used drugs with mild properties,such as Stemona and Shegan.The young adult group tended to be prescribed cold-natured drugs like Forsythia and Hogfonnel Root.The middle-aged and elderly group preferred warming and tonifying drugs such as Japanese Catnip and Perilla frutescens.Conclusion The TCM treatment of exogenous cough primarily focuses on releasing the exterior and dispersing the lung.Due to the region's subtropical monsoon climate and temperature fluctuations physicians flexibly modified classical formulas such as San'ao decoction and Zhisou powder according to individual constitutions and symptom patterns.This targeted,syndrome-based approach effectively disperses the lung qi,stops cough and transforms phlegm,and alleviates cough.

As the first defense of respiratory system,airway epi-thelial cells(AECs)play an important role in separating the re-spiratory internal and external environment.They are essential for the natural immune function.Small airway lesions are an im-portant early pathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),when AECs are exposed to harmful particles or gases for a long time,the epithelial barrier is damaged,and the signa-ling pathways which involved in differentiation,repair,and in-flammatory are disordered,resulting in epithelial cell cycle stag-nation and accelerated aging.A number of studies have sugges-ted that AECs of COPD patients express high levels of aging markers,suggesting that senescence of AECs is closely related to COPD.This review discusses the potential mechanisms of AECs senescence in COPD,the impact of AECs senescence on the de-velopment and severity of the disease,and highlights potential targets for modulating cellular senescence in airway epithelium as a therapeutic approach in COPD.

Objective To collect and analyze outpatient prescription data for exogenous cough treatment from a hospital in Shenzhen,and to identify the characteristics and medication patterns of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Methods This study collected prescriptions from a hospital in Shenzhen for exogenous cough treatment in January 2024.R language for data mining were used to analyze the medication frequency,clustering patterns,and association rules in the treatment of exogenous cough by TCM and to explore the medication patterns and the usage of classic formulas in TCM for this condition.Results A total of 451 outpatient prescriptions for exogenous cough were include,the top ten most frequently used herbs were Licorice,Bitter almond,Bellflower,Ephedra,Tangerine peel,Stemonae radix,Tuckahoe,Pinellia ternata,Nepeta,Bulb of thunberg fritillary.Cluster analysis and association rules revealed that San'ao decoction,Kikyodon soup,and Zhisou powder were commonly prescribed,targeting lung function,dispersing wind,and resolving phlegm to effectively alleviate cough symptoms.Significant differences in medication usage were observed across different syndrome types.For the wind cold attacking lung pattern,the core herbs were warm in nature and focused on dispersing with acrid-warm properties.Conversely,the treatment of wind heat attacking the lung pattern typically involved cold-natured herbs,with a primary focus on clearing and draining lung heat.Stratification by age revealed that the pediatric group often used drugs with mild properties,such as Stemona and Shegan.The young adult group tended to be prescribed cold-natured drugs like Forsythia and Hogfonnel Root.The middle-aged and elderly group preferred warming and tonifying drugs such as Japanese Catnip and Perilla frutescens.Conclusion The TCM treatment of exogenous cough primarily focuses on releasing the exterior and dispersing the lung.Due to the region's subtropical monsoon climate and temperature fluctuations physicians flexibly modified classical formulas such as San'ao decoction and Zhisou powder according to individual constitutions and symptom patterns.This targeted,syndrome-based approach effectively disperses the lung qi,stops cough and transforms phlegm,and alleviates cough.

As the first defense of respiratory system,airway epi-thelial cells(AECs)play an important role in separating the re-spiratory internal and external environment.They are essential for the natural immune function.Small airway lesions are an im-portant early pathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),when AECs are exposed to harmful particles or gases for a long time,the epithelial barrier is damaged,and the signa-ling pathways which involved in differentiation,repair,and in-flammatory are disordered,resulting in epithelial cell cycle stag-nation and accelerated aging.A number of studies have sugges-ted that AECs of COPD patients express high levels of aging markers,suggesting that senescence of AECs is closely related to COPD.This review discusses the potential mechanisms of AECs senescence in COPD,the impact of AECs senescence on the de-velopment and severity of the disease,and highlights potential targets for modulating cellular senescence in airway epithelium as a therapeutic approach in COPD.

A retrospective analysis was made on clinical data of a child with osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis (OS-CS) diagnosed in the Department of Neonatology, Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University in January 2024.The proband was admitted to hospital due to premature delivery at 30 + 2 weeks, shortness of breath and poor response for 13 days after resuscitation.After birth, the child had no spontaneous breathing with floppy limbs.Tracheal intubation was required for positive pressure ventilation.Cranial ultrasound showed right subventricular hemorrhage with bilateral intraventricular hemorrhage and bilateral parieto-occipital subdural hemorrhage; cardiac ultrasound showed patent ductus arteriosus and tricuspid regurgitation; scrotal ultrasound showed bilateral inguinal cryptorchidism with right testicular hydrocele; gastrointestinal ultrasound showed that the lumen of the transverse colon was filled with many fecal matters with strong echoes.Whole exome sequencing(WES) indicated that the proband carried a hemizygous variant of c. 1489C>T(p.Arg497 *) in the AMER1 gene, which was inherited from his mother, as verified by Sanger sequencing.The hemizygous variant of c. 1489C>T(p.Arg497 *) in the AMER1 gene was rated as likely pathogenic (PVS1+ PM2-Supporting) according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics(ACMG) guidelines, which was not included in the Human Gene Mutation Database(HGMD) database.High-throughput sequencing identified the hemizygous variant of c. 1489C>T(p.Arg497 *) in the AMER1 gene as the genetic etiology of the proband.This was the first report of AMER1 gene variant leading to OS-CS in China.The study enriches the variation spectrum and clinical phenotype spectrum of the AMER1 gene, providing a valuable foundation for clinical diagnosis, treatment, and subsequent research of the disease.

Objective:To evaluate the impact of short-term exposure to daytime heatwaves, nighttime heatwaves, and compound heatwaves on the risk of road traffic mortality and calculate the attributable mortality burden.Methods:This study collected road traffic mortality data from the Disease Surveillance System in Guangdong, Hunan, Zhejiang, Yunnan, and Jilin Provinces from 2013 to 2018. A time-stratified case-crossover design was used in this study, with the death date for each case serving as the case day. Control days were selected from the same year, month, and day of the week as the case day. A conditional logistic regression model was employed to estimate the cumulative associations of short-term exposure to daytime heatwaves, nighttime heatwaves, and compound heatwaves on the risk of road traffic mortality (lag 0-1 day) and to calculate the attributable fractions (AF).Results:Compared to non-heatwave days, the excess risk ( ER) of road traffic mortality on daytime heatwave days, nighttime heatwave days, and compound heatwave days was 5.3% (95% CI: 0.5%-10.2%), 4.9% (95% CI: 0.5%-9.4%) and 7.5% (95% CI: 2.3%- 12.9%), with corresponding AF of 5.0% (95% CI: 0.5%-9.3%), 4.7% (95% CI: 0.5%-8.6%), and 6.9% (95% CI: 2.3%-11.4%), respectively. Stratified analysis showed that the risk of traffic mortalities caused by daytime heatwaves was higher in females ( ER=15.7%, 95% CI: 5.8%-26.5%) than in males ( ER=1.8%, 95% CI: -3.6%-7.4%). Elderly individuals over 64 years old ( ER=10.9%, 95% CI: 0.3%- 22.6%) had a higher risk of road traffic mortalities from compound heatwaves than those under 45 years old ( ER=2.6%, 95% CI: -5.4%-11.2%). The risk of road traffic injury mortality from motor vehicle accidents caused by compound heatwaves ( ER=16.6%, 95% CI:2.4%-32.7%) was higher than that from non-motor vehicle accidents ( ER=5.7%, 95% CI:0.1%-11.5%). Conclusions:Short-term exposure to daytime heatwaves, nighttime heatwaves, and compound heatwaves was associated with an increased risk of road traffic mortality, with the strongest association observed for compound heatwaves. The mortality burden attributable to compound heatwaves was higher than that for daytime and nighttime heatwaves. Heatwaves were more significantly associated with road traffic mortality risk among females, elderly individuals over 64 years old, and motor vehicle accidents.