Nanoparticle delivery systems have good application prospects in the field of precision therapy, but the preparation process of nanomaterial has problems such as short in vivo circulation time, easy recognition, and clearance by the immune system in the body. In recent years, biomimetic nanoparticle delivery systems mediated by natural cell membranes have become a research hotspot to address these issues. The natural membrane biomimetic nanoparticle delivery system cleverly integrates the advantages of natural biofilm "autologous" and "artificial" functional carriers by using endogenous cell membranes to modify the surface of nanocarriers, endowing them with characteristics such as tumor targeting, low immunogenicity, and long blood circulation. Currently, biomimetic nanoparticle delivery systems have been used in the treatment of malignant tumors, cardiovascular diseases, bacterial infections, and other diseases. This paper analyzes the development status and current research hotspots of natural cell membrane camouflaged biomimetic nanoparticle delivery systems mainly reviews the latest research progress of red blood cell membrane camouflaged biomimetic nanoparticle delivery systems in the field of disease treatment in recent years. It focuses on exploring the advantages, future development prospects, and limitations of biomimetic nanoparticle delivery systems based on red blood cell membrane camouflage in improving drug delivery, to provide a reference for the in-depth research and development of this system.

ObjectiveThe study explores the influence of voluntary wheel running on the behavioral abnormalities and the activation state of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) rats through gut microbiota. MethodsSD female rats were selected and administered either400 mg/kg of valproic acid (VPA) solution or an equivalent volume of saline via intraperitoneal injection on day 12.5 of pregnancy. The resulting offspring were divided into 2 groups: the ASD model group (PASD, n=35) and the normal control group (PCON, n=16). Behavioral assessments, including the three-chamber social test, open field test, and Morris water maze, were conducted on postnatal day 23. After behavioral testing, 8 rats from each group (PCON, PASD) were randomly selected for serum analysis using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and corticosterone (CORT) concentration, to evaluate the functional state of the HPA axis in rats. On postnatal day 28, the remaining 8 rats in the PCON group were designated as the control group (CON, n=8), and the remaining 27 rats in the PASD group were randomly divided into 4 groups: ASD non-intervention group (ASD, n=6), ASD exercise group (ASDE, n=8), ASD fecal microbiota transplantation group (FMT, n=8), and ASD sham fecal microbiota transplantation group (sFMT, n=5). The rats in the ASD group and the CON group were kept under standard conditions, while the rats in the ASDE group performed 6 weeks of voluntary wheel running intervention starting on postnatal day 28. The rats in the FMT group were gavaged daily from postnatal day 42 with 1 ml/100 g fresh fecal suspension from ASDE rats which had undergone exercise for 2 weeks, 5 d per week, continuing for 4 weeks. The sFMT group received an equivalent volume of saline. After the interventions were completed, behavioral assessments and HPA axis markers were measured for all groups. ResultsBefore the intervention, the ASD model group exhibited significantly reduced social ability, social novelty preference, spontaneous activity, and exploratory interest, as well as impaired spatial learning, memory, and navigation abilities compared to the normal control group (P<0.05). Serum concentration of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and corticosterone (CORT) in the PASD group were significantly higher than those in the PCON group (P<0.05). Following 6 weeks of voluntary wheel running, the ASDE group showed significant improvements in social ability, social novelty preference, spontaneous activity, exploratory interest, spatial learning, memory, and navigation skills compared to the ASD group (P<0.05), with a significant decrease in serum CORT concentration (P<0.05), and a downward trend in CRH and ACTH concentration. After 4 weeks of fecal microbiota transplantation in the exercise group, the FMT group showed marked improvements in social ability, social novelty preference, spontaneous activity, exploratory interest, as well as spatial learning, memory, and navigation abilities compared to both the ASD and sFMT groups (P<0.05). In addition, serum ACTH and CORT concentration were significantly reduced (P<0.05), and CRH concentration also showed a decreasing trend. ConclusionExercise may improve ASD-related behaviors by suppressing the activation of the HPA axis, with the gut microbiota likely playing a crucial role in this process.

A 71-year-old male presented with esophageal cancer and severe aortic valve regurgitation. Treatment strategies for such patients are controversial. Considering the risks of cardiopulmonary bypass and potential esophageal cancer metastasis, we successfully performed transcatheter aortic valve implantation and minimally invasive three-incision thoracolaparoscopy combined with radical resection of esophageal cancer (McKeown) simultaneously in the elderly patient who did not require neoadjuvant treatment. This dual minimally invasive procedure took 6 hours and the patient recovered smoothly without any surgical complications.

Objective To investigate whether PKCβ inhibitor can alleviate RIRI by regulating macrophage phenotype.Methods Rats in the renal ischemia-reperfusion injury(RIRI)model group underwent right nephrec-tomy followed by a 60-minute clamping of the left renal pedicle.In the experimental group(Inhibitor+RIRI),PKCβ inhibitors were administered orally one day prior to surgery.All rats were euthanized 24 hours post-surgery for the collection of blood and left kidney samples.Renal function,tissue morphology,and the expression levels of renal tubular injury marker KIM-1,renal papilla injury marker RPA-1,macrophage subtype markers,and inflammatory factors were evaluated.Results PKCβ inhibitors alleviated renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.PAS staining revealed marked tubular damage in kidney sections from the RIRI group,whereas kidney inflammatory cell infiltra-tion and renal tubular injury scores were significantly reduced in the Inhibitor+RIRI group following PKCβ inhibitor treatment(all P<0.05).The expression levels of Cr,BUN,KIM-1,and RPA-1 were markedly elevated in the RIRI group compared to the Sham and Inhibitor+RIRI groups(all P<0.05).After PKCβ inhibitor intervention,the expression levels of Cr,BUN,KIM-1,and RPA-1 were significantly decreased in the Inhibitor+RIRI group relative to the RIRI group(all P<0.05).Protein expression levels of iNOS,IL-2,and CD197 in the kidney tissue of the RIRI group were significantly higher than those in the Sham and Inhibitor+RIRI groups(all P<0.05).Compared with the RIRI group,the protein expression levels of iNOS,IL-12,and CD197 were significantly reduced in the Inhibitor+RIRI group following PKC β inhibitor intervention(all P<0.05).Additionally,the protein expression levels of Dectin-1,ARG-1,and CD163 were significantly higher in the Inhibitor+RIRI group than in the RIRI and Sham groups after PKCβ inhibitor intervention(all P<0.05).Conclusions PKCβ inhibitors can mitigate renal dysfunction,renal tubular injury,and the expression of injury markers in the renal tubules and renal papilla follow-ing ischemia-reperfusion.Additionally,PKCβ inhibitors play a role in modulating macrophage subtypes by reducing M1 macrophages and promoting polarization to M2,which leads to a decrease in pro-inflammatory factors and an increase in anti-inflammatory factors,ultimately facilitating kidney repair.

Objective:To investigate the trends in insulin resistance, as represented by the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index), among Chinese adult residents from 2010 to 2018 and to explore influencing factors.Methods:China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance was conducted in 2010, 2013, and 2018, using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method across all 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China. This study sampled 98 712 adults in 2010, 176 534 adults in 2013, and 184 876 adults in 2018, all aged ≥18 years, totaling 406 933 participants. Individuals with a TyG index > P75 were classified as having insulin resistance. The mean TyG index and the prevalence of insulin resistance were calculated for different years, sexes, age groups, provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), and subgroups for 2018. Linear and logistic regression models were used to test trends in means and rates over time, and multivariate logistic regression models were conducted to analyze potential factors associated with insulin resistance. All analyses were adjusted for complex sampling weights based on the study design. Results:From 2010 to 2018, the mean TyG index among Chinese adults increased from 8.44±0.63 to 8.70±0.64, with significant upward trends observed across different age groups, sexes, and urban-rural residencies (all P<0.001). The mean TyG index was higher among males, urban residents, and those aged 45-59. There were significant differences in the mean TyG indices and prevalence of insulin resistance across provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) (all P<0.05). Higher insulin resistance prevalence was independently associated with being male, aged ≥45 years, living in urban areas, excessive alcohol consumption, and insufficient physical activity (all P<0.05). Conclusions:From 2010 to 2018, the level of insulin resistance, as indicated by the TyG index, showed an increasing trend among Chinese adults. Males, individuals aged ≥45 years, urban residents, and individuals with unhealthy lifestyles such as excessive alcohol consumption or insufficient physical activity should be the focus of efforts to prevent and control metabolic diseases related to insulin resistance.

Readiness for Hospital Discharge(RHD)refers to a multidimensional assessment of a patient's ability to transition safely from hospital to home,encompassing physiological stability,psychological preparedness,and social support adequacy.For patients requiring Home Nutrition Support(HNS),discharge readiness is particularly critical due to their heightened need for post-discharge specialized care,which significantly influences long-term recovery and quality of life.This paper reviews the concept,influencing factors,and unmet needs of RHD in patients with HNS and proposes targeted strategies to enhance discharge preparedness.By addressing gaps in current practices,we aim to optimize RHD in this vulnerable population and provide clinicians with evidence-based guidance for developing effective discharge plans.

Copy number variation encompassing SNP plays an important role in IVD and precision medi-cine.As the most commonly used method,FISH could not overcome the probe cross-reactivity which is common when to detect SNP.Here we developed a quantitative and qualitative method on copy number variation encompassing SNP.In this study,the rs76711854 was used as an example to establish a quanti-tative method by advantage of probe cross-reactivity.The fragment encompassing rs76711854 and its downstream to 9 514 bp were amplified by PCR.The allelic genotypes were verified by Sanger sequen-cing.Different probes with or without cross-reactivity to be used via quantitative real-time PCR and digit-al PCR.The different clusters(2D)and fluorescence intensity layers(1D)exist by adding probe with cross-reactivity.The A/G ratio measured by digital PCR is 2︰1,which is verified by probe targeting to the SNP.The copy-number variant exists in the 9kb-long fragment upstream to the SNP of prostate cancer cell line but not in human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line Ishikawa.The data suggest that there is a multi-copy variation at this locus in DU145 cells.The method applied here is based on one single cross-reactivity probe via digital PCR.

Objective To investigate the infection with key intestinal parasites in the Jinuo-inhabited areas of Yunnan Province in 2023 and provide a scientific basis for preventing and controlling local parasitic diseases.Methods A cluster random sampling method was used to conduct a survey on human intestinal parasitic diseases in Jinuoshan Township,Jinghong City,Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture,Yunnan Province,from October to November 2023.Fecal samples and information on epidemiological factors were collected from permanent residents of the Jinuo ethnic group.Intestinal helminth eggs were detected and counted using the modified Kato-Katz technique(two slides per fecal sample).Intestinal protozoa were identified via iodine-stained smears.Each fecal sample was subjected to hookworm larval culture using the test tube filter paper method for species identification.Additionally,transparent adhesive tape anal swabs were used to detect Enterobius vermicularis eggs in children aged 3-9 years.Results A total of 1 367 individuals was examined,with 11 species of parasites detected,including 5 helminth species and 6 protozoan species.The overall intestinal parasite infection rate was 25.97%,with helminth and protozoan infection rates at 17.63%and 9.07%,respectively.The infection rate of E.vermicularis in children(via anal swabs)was 16.35%.The infection rates of specific parasites were as follows:Ascaris lumbricoides 0.07%,hookworm 13.97%,Trichuris sp.0.29%,Taenia solium 0.15%,Entamoeba nana 1.68%,Giardia lamblia 1.61%,Entamoeba histolytica 0.07%,Entamoeba coli 0.07%,Iodamolbe butschlii 1.61%,and Blastocystis hominis 4.10%.The degree of Acaris lumbricoides,hookworm,and Trichuris sp.infection was mainly mild.Hookworm species were identified as Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale.No statistically significant differences in infection rates were observed across different village committees,genders,age groups,or occupations(P＞0.05).The infection rates of preschool children and illiterate people were higher at 82.61%and 67.02%,respectively(χ2=344.798,P＜0.01).The infection rate of the Jinuo people was 32.49%,which is higher than that of other ethnic groups(χ2=109.493,P＜0.01).Conclusions The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among the Jinuo ethnic group in Yunnan Province remains relatively high.Strengthened prevention and control measures targeting relevant populations are urgently needed,with a particular focus on hookworm infections and E.vermicularis infections in children.

Objective To analyze the predictive value of patient-reported outcomes(PRO)com-bined with hematological indicators for moderate-to-severe endoscopic activity in patients with ulcera-tive colitis(UC).Methods Clinical data of UC patients were retrospectively collected,including PRO,hematological parameters and endoscopic findings.Based on the Mayo endoscopic score,pa-tients were divided into remission and mild activity group(＜2 points)and moderate-to-severe activity group(≥ 2 points).Independent influencing factors for moderate-to-severe endoscopic activity were screened through multivariate Logistic regression analysis,and a binary Logistic regression model was constructed.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the discriminato-ry ability of the predictive model.The calibration of the model was assessed using calibration curves and the Spiegelhalter Z-test,and the model's performance was further validated in an external valida-tion cohort.Results Rectal bleeding(RB),C-reactive protein/albumin(CAR)and erythrocyte sed-imentation rate(ESR)were independent influencing factors for moderate-to-severe endoscopic activity(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of the nomogram predictive model constructed based on the logistic regression analysis results was 0.848(95％CI,0.798 to 0.900),with sensitivity of 76.6％and specificity of 79.6％.In the external validation cohort,the model's AUC was 0.778(95％CI,0.699 to 0.857),and there was no statistically significant difference compared with the AUC of the training cohort model(P＞0.05).In both the training and validation cohorts,the Spiegelhalter Z-test results indicated that the model had good goodness-of-fit(P＞0.05).Conclu-sion RB,CAR and ESR are independent influencing factors for moderate-to-severe endoscopic ac-tivity in UC patients.The combination of RB,CAR and ESR has high predictive value for moderate-to-severe endoscopic activity in UC patients,with good discriminatory and calibration abilities.

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), as a treasure of the Chinese nation, plays a significant role in maintaining public health. In 2019, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council proposed for the first time the establishment of a TCM registration and evaluation evidence system that integrates TCM theory, "personal experience" and clinical trials (referred to as the "Three-in-One" System) to promote the inheritance and innovation of TCM. Subsequently, the National Medical Products Administration issued several guiding principles to advance the improvement and implementation of this system. Owing to the complexity of its implementation, there are still differing understandings within the TCM industry regarding the positioning of the "Three-in-One" Registration and Evaluation Evidence System, as well as the connotation and value orientation of the "personal experience." To address this, Academician WANG Qi, President of the TCM Association, China International Exchange and Promotion Association for Medical and Healthcare and TCM master, led a group of academicians, TCM masters, TCM pharmacology experts and clinical TCM experts to convene a "Seminar on Promoting the Implementation of the ′Three-in-One′ Registration and Evaluation Evidence System for Chinese Medicinals." Through extensive discussions, an expert consensus was formed, clarifying the different roles of the TCM theory, "personal experience" and clinical trials within the system. It was further emphasized that the "personal experience" is the core of this system, and its data should be derived from clinical practice scenarios. In the future, the improvement of this system will require collaborative efforts across multiple fields to promote the high-quality development of the Chinese medicinal industry.