ObjectiveTo explore the molecular mechanism of aerobic exercise to improve hippocampal neuronal degeneration by regulating tryptophan metabolic pathway. Methods60 SPF-grade C57BL/6J male mice were divided into a young group (2 months old, n=30) and a senile group (12 months old, n=30), and each group was further divided into a control group (C/A group, n=15) and an exercise group (CE/AE group, n=15). An aerobic exercise program was used for 8 weeks. Learning memory ability was assessed by Y-maze, and anxiety-depression-like behavior was detected by absent field experiment. Hippocampal Trp levels were measured by GC-MS. Nissl staining was used to observe the number and morphology of hippocampal neurons, and electron microscopy was used to detect synaptic ultrastructure. ELISA was used to detect the levels of hippocampal Trp,5-HT, Kyn, KATs, KYNA, KMO, and QUIN; Western blot was used to analyze the activities of TPH2, IDO1, and TDO enzymes. ResultsGroup A mice showed significant decrease in learning and memory ability (P<0.05) and increase in anxiety and depressive behaviors (P<0.05); all of AE group showed significant improvement (P<0.05). Hippocampal Trp levels decreased in group A (P<0.05) and increased in AE group (P<0.05). Nidus vesicles were reduced and synaptic structures were degraded in group A (P<0.05), and both were significantly improved in group AE (P<0.05). The levels of Trp, 5-HT, KATs, and KYNA were decreased (P<0.05) and the levels of Kyn, KMO, and QUIN were increased (P<0.05) in group A. The activity of TPH2 was decreased (P<0.05), and the activities of IDO1 and TDO were increased (P<0.05). The AE group showed the opposite trend. ConclusionThe aging process significantly reduces the learning memory ability and increases the anxiety-depression-like behavior of mice, and leads to the reduction of the number of nidus vesicles and degenerative changes of synaptic structure in the hippocampus, whereas aerobic exercise not only effectively enhances the spatial learning memory ability and alleviates the anxiety-depression-like behavior of aging mice, but also improves the morphology and structure of neurons in hippocampal area, which may be achieved by the mechanism of regulating the tryptophan metabolic pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effect of achyranthes bidentata (AB) on sperm quality in mice with spermatogenic disorder through the glycolytic metabolic pathway and its action mechanism. METHODS: We equally randomized 40 Kunming mice into a normal control, a model control, a low-dose AB (3.5 g/kg) and a high-dose AB group (7.0 g/kg), and established the model of spermatogenic disorder in the latter three groups of mice by intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin (30 mg/kg). Two days after modeling, we collected the testis and kidney tissues and blood samples from the mice for observation of the pathological changes in the testis tissue by HE staining, detection of perm motility with the sperm quality analyzer, examination of the apoptosis of testis cells by flow cytometry, measurement of the levels of testosterone (T), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the serum and testis tissue by ELISA, and determination of expressions of the key enzymes of glycolysis hexokinase Ⅱ (HK2), pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), platelet phosphofructokinase (PFKP), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and the meiosis proteins REC8 and SCP3 by Western blot, and the mRNA expressions of glycolytic phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1), phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) by fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR). RESULTS: Compared with the model controls, the mice in the AB groups showed significant increases in the testis coefficient, kidney index, sperm concentration, sperm motility, spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, spermatids, sperm count and the serum T level (P<0.05 or P<0.01), but dramatic decreases in the apoptosis of testis cells and percentage of morphologically abnormal sperm (P<0.01). Achyranthes bidentata also significantly elevated the levels of SOD and CAT, and down-regulated the mRNA expressions of MDA, TNF-α and IL-1β (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and up-regulated the protein expressions of HK2, PKM2, PFKP, LDHA, REC8 and SCP3, and expressions of the glycolysis key genes Pfk1 and Pgk1 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION Achyranthes bidentata ameliorates doxorubicin-induced spermatogenic disorder in mice by regulating the glycolytic pathway and reducing oxidative stress and the expressions of inflammatory factors.
Glycolysis/drug effects* ; Doxorubicin/toxicity* ; Spermatogenesis/drug effects* ; Random Allocation ; Male ; Animals ; Mice ; Disease Models, Animal ; Achyranthes/chemistry* ; Spermatozoa/pathology* ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects* ; Primary Cell Culture ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Sperm Motility/drug effects* ; Testis/pathology* ; Infertility, Male/prevention & control* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods* ; Animals, Outbred Strains

OBJECTIVE: To assess the cardioprotective effect and impact of Qishen Granules (QSG) on different ischemic areas of the myocardium in heart failure (HF) rats by evaluating its metabolic pattern, substrate utilization, and mechanistic modulation. METHODS: In vivo, echocardiography and histology were used to assess rat cardiac function; positron emission tomography was performed to assess the abundance of glucose metabolism in the ischemic border and remote areas of the heart; fatty acid metabolism and ATP production levels were assessed by hematologic and biochemical analyses. The above experiments evaluated the cardioprotective effect of QSG on left anterior descending ligation-induced HF in rats and the mode of energy metabolism modulation. In vitro, a hypoxia-induced H9C2 model was established, mitochondrial damage was evaluated by flow cytometry, and nuclear translocation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1 α) was observed by immunofluorescence to assess the mechanism of energy metabolism regulation by QSG in hypoxic and normoxia conditions. RESULTS: QSG regulated the pattern of glucose and fatty acid metabolism in the border and remote areas of the heart via the HIF-1 α pathway, and improved cardiac function in HF rats. Specifically, QSG promoted HIF-1 α expression and entry into the nucleus at high levels of hypoxia (P<0.05), thereby promoting increased compensatory glucose metabolism; while reducing nuclear accumulation of HIF-1 α at relatively low levels of hypoxia (P<0.05), promoting the increased lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS QSG regulates the protein stability of HIF-1 α, thereby coordinating energy supply balance between the ischemic border and remote areas of the myocardium. This alleviates the energy metabolism disorder caused by ischemic injury.
Animals ; Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology* ; Male ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Glucose/metabolism* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Energy Metabolism/drug effects* ; Rats ; Fatty Acids/metabolism* ; Myocardium/pathology*

Objective To understand the present situation of the standardization of separate serving chopsticks and ladles provided by catering service providers in Shanghai,and to analyze the influencing factors.Methods A total of 971 catering service providers from extra large,medium and small restaurant in 16 administrative districts of Shanghai were investigated with a self-designed questionnaire using stratified two-stage sampling method between Sep and Nov 2023,mainly concentrate on thesituation and reasons of providing separate serving chopsticks and ladles and their compliance with standards.Logistic regression was used to explore the influencing factors.Results Among the 971 units surveyed,there were 911 catering service(93.8%)providers that provided separate serving chopsticks and ladles.The main reason for providing separate serving chopsticks and ladles is for improving high quality of catering service.Binary Logistic analysis showed that catering service providers with large scale restaurant(large:OR=2.08,95%CI:2.03-2.12;medium:OR=1.99,95%CI:1.96-2.02),good quantitative level of food safety(OR=1.84,95%CI:1.83-1.85),named Shanghai Green Restaurant(OR=1.11,95%CI:1.09-1.12),known as time-honored brand(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.17-1.22),regularly acceptance of law enforcement inspections(OR=6.99,95%CI:6.91-7.07),knowledge of relevant regulation(OR=5.77,95%CI:5.70-5.85)and more channels for understanding standards(OR=1.23,95%CI:1.21-1.25)were more likely to provide separate serving chopsticks and ladles.The situation that strictly follow the fully standard requirements of separate serving chopsticks and ladles to provide 8 types of catering conducts was unsatisfactory(14.1%).Logistic analysis showed that catering service providers with large scale restaurant(extra large:OR=6.42,95%CI:2.52-16.33;large:OR=4.29,95%CI:2.24-8.21;medium:OR=3.21,95%CI:1.76-5.87)and the provision of separate serving chopsticks and ladles for more than 3 years(OR=3.1,95%CI:1.09-9.02)had a higher percentage of providing separate serving chopsticks and ladles in accordance with specification.Conclusion The overall provision of separate serving chopsticks and ladles by catering service providers in Shanghai is satisfactory.The scale of restaurant,quantitative level of food safety and named Shanghai Green Restaurant are possible main factors for providing separate serving chopsticks and ladles of catering service providers.However,the implementation is not good according to the standardization.The different scale of restaurant and the time of the provision of separate chopsticks and ladles are possible factors for providing separate serving chopsticks and ladles in accordance with specification.

Cells undergo glucose metabolism reprogramming under the influence of the inflammatory microenvironment, changing their primary mode of energy supply from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. This process is involved in all stages of inflammation-related diseases development. Glucose metabolism reprogramming not only changes the metabolic pattern of individual cells, but also disrupts the metabolic homeostasis of the body microenvironment, which further promotes aerobic glycolysis and provides favourable conditions for the malignant progression of inflammation-related diseases. The metabolic enzymes, transporter proteins, and metabolites of aerobic glycolysis are all key signalling molecules, and drugs can inhibit aerobic glycolysis by targeting these specific key molecules to exert therapeutic effects. This paper reviews the impact of glucose metabolism reprogramming on the development of inflammation-related diseases such as inflammation-related tumours, rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer's disease, and the therapeutic effects of drugs targeting glucose metabolism reprogramming on these diseases.

Osteoporotic proximal humeral fracture (OPHF) is one of the common osteoporotic fractures in the aged, with an incidence only lower than vertebral compression fracture, hip fracture, and distal radius fracture. OPHF, secondary to osteoporosis and characterized by poor bone quality, comminuted fracture pattern, slow healing, and severely impaired shoulder joint function, poses a big challenge to the current clinical diagnosis and treatment. In the field of diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of OPHF, traditional Chinese and Western medicine have accumulated rich experience and evidence from evidence-based medicine and achieved favorable outcomes. However, there is still a lack of guidance from a relevant consensus as to how to integrate the advantages of the two medical systems and achieve the integrated diagnosis and treatment. To promote the diagnosis and treatment of OPHF with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine, relevant experts from Orthopedic Expert Committee of Geriatric Branch of Chinese Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Youth Osteoporosis Group of Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Osteoporosis Group of Orthopedic Surgeon Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, and Osteoporosis Committee of Shanghai Association of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine have been organized to formulate Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporotic proximal humeral fracture with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine ( version 2024) by searching related literatures and based on the evidences from evidence-based medicine. This consensus consists of 13 recommendations about the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of OPHF with integrated traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, aimed at standardizing, systematizing, and personalizing the diagnosis and treatment of OPHF with integrated traditional Chinse and Western medicine to improve the patients ′ function.

Objective The aim of the study was to investigate how morphine(Mor)effects mitochondrial dynamics change of H9c2 induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R).Methods Myocardial H9c2 cells were divided into blank group(without treatment),model group(H/R treatment),control group(5 μmol·L-1 Mor treatment)and experimental group(H/R+5 μmol·L-1 Mor treatment).The content of reactive oxygen species(ROS),mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),and complex of Ⅰ and Ⅲ activity were detected using ROS,tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester(TMRE),and mitochondrial complex of Ⅰ and Ⅲ activity detection kits,respectively.The morphology of mitochondria and lysosomes was observed by transmission electron microscope electron microscopy(TEM);Western blot was used to detect the expression of GTPase kinetic protein 1(Drp1),cytochrome c oxidase Ⅳ(COX Ⅳ)and transporters of the outer mitochondrial membrane(TOM20).Results The nuclear membrane was smooth and complete;the mitochondrial size was consistent;the crest arrangement was neat;vacuolization was reduced or even disappeared;the mitochondrial matrix electron density was increased;the number of autophagosomes was decreased in the experimental group.The contents of ROS in blank group,model group,control group and experimental group were 1.03±0.04,1.53±0.10,1.06±0.06 and 1.10±0.11;MMP were 1.00±0.15,0.80±0.16,1.06±0.19 and 1.00±0.19;the activities of complex of Ⅰ were 1.00±0.08,2.28±0.82,1.05±0.26 and 1.13±0.37;the activities of complex of Ⅲ were 1.00±0.09,2.13±0.38,0.83±0.22 and 0.96±0.11;the expression of Drp1 protein were 1.00±0.14,1.27±0.07,0.97±0.21 and 0.93±0.17;the expression of fission protein 1(Fis1)protein were 1.00±0.16,1.33±0.18,1.17±0.25 and 0.99±0.05;the expression of COX Ⅳ protein were 1.00±0.25,0.62±0.08,0.79±0.26 and 0.97±0.16;the expression of TOM20 protein were 1.00±0.13,0.67±0.15,0.75±0.13 and 0.89±0.05.The above indexes of model group were significantly different from those of blank group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.001,P＜0.000 1).The above indexes of experimental group were significantly different from those of model group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.001,P＜0.000 1).Conclusion Morphine may inhibit mitophagy and fission,and alleviated mitochondrial oxidative stress damage by decreasing the activity of respiratory chain complex of Ⅰ and Ⅲ,thus maintaining mitochondrial dynamic homeostasis and alleviating H/R-induced myocardial cell damage.

Platycodonis Radix is the dry root of Platycodon grandiflorum of Campanulaceae, which has a variety of pharmacological effects and is a commonly used bulk Chinese medicine. In this study, the chloroplast genome sequences of six P. grandiflorum from different producing areas has been sequenced with Illumina HiSeq X Ten platform. The specific DNA barcodes were screened, and the germplasm resources and genetic diversity were analyzed according to the specific barcodes. The total length of the chloroplast genome of 6 P. grandiflorum samples was 172 260-172 275 bp, and all chloroplast genomes showed a typical circular tetrad structure and encoded 141 genes. The comparative genomics analysis and results of amplification efficiency demonstrated that trnG-UCC and ndhG_ndhF were the potential specific DNA barcodes for identification the germplasm resources of P. grandiflorum. A total of 305 P. grandiflorum samples were collected from 15 production areas in 9 provinces, for which the fragments of trnG-UCC and ndhG_ndhF were amplificated and the sequences were analyzed. The results showed that trnG-UCC and ndhG_ndhF have 5 and 11 mutation sites, respectively, and 5 and 7 haplotypes were identified, respectively. The combined analysis of the two sequences formed 13 haplotypes (named Hap1-Hap13), and Hap4 is the main genotype, followed by Hap1. The unique haplotypes possessed by the three producing areas can be used as DNA molecular tags in this area to distinguish from the germplasm resources of P. grandiflorum from other areas. The haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity and genetic distance were 0.94, 4.79×10^-3 and 0.000 0-0.020 3, respectively, suggesting that the genetic diversity was abundant and intraspecific kinship was relatively close. This study laid a foundation for the identification of P. grandiflorum, the protection and utilization of germplasm resources, and molecular breeding.

Objective:To compare the short-term clinical efficacy and safety of Da Vinci robot and laparoscopic pancreatectomy.Methods:The data of patients with pancreatic occupying lesions who underwent distal pancreatectomy in Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University from September 2021 to January 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 60 patients were enrolled, including 20 males and 40 females, aged (52.0±14.8) years. According to different operation methods, 60 patients were divided into robotic group ( n=30, Da Vinci robot-assisted pancreatectomy) and laparoscopic group ( n=30, laparoscopic pancreatectomy). The conversion of laparotomy, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, splenic preservation, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative fasting time, reoperation rate within 30 days after surgery, readmission rate within 90 days after surgery, and postoperative complications such as abdominal hemorrhage, abdominal infection and pancreatic fistula were compared between the two groups. Results:There was no conversion to laparotomy in the laparoscopic group, and 1 case (3.3%) in the robotic group. There were no significant differences in conversion to laparotomy rate, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, reoperation rate within 30 days after surgery, and readmission rate within 90 days after surgery between the two groups (all P>0.05). The spleen preservation rate of the robotic group was 53.3% (16/30), and the postoperative fasting time was 1.0(1.0, 2.0) d, which was better than that of the laparoscopic group 23.3%(7/30), 2.0(2.0, 3.0) d, with statistical significance ( χ2=5.71, Z=4.04, P=0.017, P<0.001). Postoperative abdominal infection occurred in 6 cases (20.0%), grade B or C pancreatic fistula in 7 cases (23.3%), no abdominal hemorrhage in the laparoscopic group, postoperative abdominal hemorrhage in 3 cases (10.0%), abdominal infection in 4 cases (13.3%), and grade B or C pancreatic fistula in 8 cases (26.7%) in the robotic group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative abdominal hemorrhage, abdominal infection and grade B or C pancreatic fistula between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion:Da Vinci robotic pancreatectomy is safe and feasible, and the success rate of spleen preservation is better than laparoscopic pancreatectomy.