Objective:To compare the differences in chemical compositions before and after processing by different processing methods; To optimize the processing method of Atractylodes lancea Rhizoma.Methods:Atractylodes lancea Rhizoma was processed by stir-frying with bran and treating with rice washing water. The volatile and non-volatile components of raw Atractylodes lancea Rhizoma, bran-fried Atractylodes lancea Rhizoma and rice washing water treated Atractylodes lancea Rhizome were qualitatively analyzed by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS), and the differences in chemical composition before and after processing were compared.Results:The volatile components of the three different products were determined to have 18 common components, such as agarospirol, β-eudesol, etc. In addition, 86 non-volatile components were determined. The peak area response value of atractylodin, the index component prescribed by pharmacopoeia, decreased after processing, but there was little difference in bran stir-frying and rice-washed water frying.Conclusions:Different processing methods have certain effects on the chemical composition of Atractylodes lancea Rhizoma. Among them, the bran-frying method is superior in improving the quality of preparations, reducing production costs and improving production efficiency. The bran-fried product can be used as raw material for preparation production.

BACKGROUND: Previous evidence showed that ambient air pollution and cardiovascular mortality are related. However, there is a lack of evidence towards the modification effect of long-term lifestyle on the association between short-term ambient air pollution and death from cardiovascular events. METHOD: A total of 14,609 death from major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were identified among the China Kadoorie Biobank participants from 2013 to 2018. Ambient air pollution exposure including particulate matter 2.5 (PM_2.5), SO₂, NO₂, CO, and O₃ from the same period were obtained from space-time model reconstructions based on remote sensing data. Case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression was applied to estimate the effect of short-term exposure to air pollutants on MACE mortality. RESULTS: We found MACE mortality was significantly associated with PM_2.5 (relative percent increase 2.91% per 10 µg/m³ increase, 95% CI 1.32-4.53), NO₂ (5.37% per 10 µg/m³ increase, 95% CI 1.56-9.33), SO₂ (6.82% per 10 µg/m³ increase, 95% CI 2.99-10.80), and CO (2.24% per 0.1 mg/m³ increase, 95% CI 1.02-3.48). Stratified analyses indicated that drinking was associated with elevated risk of MACE mortality with NO₂ and SO₂ exposure; physical inactivity was associated with higher risk of death from MACE when exposed to PM_2.5; and people who had balanced diet had lower risk of MACE mortality when exposed to CO and NO₂. CONCLUSIONS The study results showed that short-term exposure to ambient PM_2.5, NO₂, SO₂, and CO would aggravate the risk of cardiovascular mortality, yet healthy lifestyle conduct might mitigate such negative impact to some extent.
Humans ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Male ; Female ; Air Pollution/adverse effects* ; Middle Aged ; Air Pollutants/analysis* ; Particulate Matter/analysis* ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects* ; Life Style ; Aged ; Adult ; Risk Factors ; Cross-Over Studies ; East Asian People

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS)is a complex three-dimensional deformity involving coronal,sagittal,and axial planes,with a prevalence that should not be overlooked.With advancements in technology and in-depth research,an increasing number of hospitals and physicians are exploring standardized diagnostic and treatment approaches for AIS.Comprehensive and in-depth understanding is required for AIS,including its etiology,screening and diagnosis,classification,assessment and examination,treatment options,exploration of current focus,and evaluation of quality of life.Such understanding ensures that the diagnostic and treatment are scientific,standardized,and timely.Based on the principles of evidence-based medicine,a consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of AIS is reached after multiple discussions among spinal surgery experts,aiming to provide reference and guidance for clinical practice.

A close relationship between fatty acid metabolism and cancer development is well-established.The hydroxyacyl-coenzyme a dehydrogenase(HADH),a key enzyme in fatty acid beta-oxidation,has recently been identified as an anti-oncogenic factor in various cancers and an oncogenic factor in conditions like acute myeloid leukemia.In cancer cells,HADH not only directly catalyzes fatty acid beta-oxidation but also indirectly influences multiple signaling pathways such as PPAR,TNF-α,JAK-STAT3,PI3K/Akt,IFN-γ,MAPK,and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways,affecting cancer cell proliferation and migration.HADH shows promise as a potential tumor biomarker for diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis in different cancer types,holding significant clinical value.

Objective To compare the difference in the efficacies of arthroscopic microfracture operation for talar osteochondral injuries with hyperuricemia and non-hyperuricemia,and to explore the correlation be-tween blood urate level and efficacy.Methods Fifty-three patients with talar osteochondral lesions meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria from February 2015 to August 2021 were selected as the research subjects and divided into the hyperuricemia group (22 cases) and non-hyperuricemia group (31 cases) according to whether or not the preoperative blood uric acid level exceeding 420 μmol/L.The joint range of motion (ROM),visual analog scale (VAS) score,American Foot and Ankle Surgery Society (AOFAS) score,mag-netic resonance score of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) score and postoperative satisfaction before and af-ter surgery were compared between the two groups.Results The preoperative blood uric acid level in the hy-peruricemia group was higher than that in non-hyperuricemia group,and the difference was statistically signif-icant[(504.35±86.40)μmol/L vs.(332.56±45.80)μmol/L,P<0.05].The ROM score,VAS score and AOFAS score in postoperative 1 year follow up and last follow up in the two groups were significantly im-proved compared with before operation (P<0.001).The AOFAS scores before operation,in postoperative 1 year and postoperative last follow up in the hyperuricemia group were lower than those in the non-hyperurice-mia group (P<0.05).The VAS scores before operation and postoperative last follow up in the hyperuricemia group were higher than those in the non-hyperuricemia group (P<0.05).The uric acid level was negatively correlated with the postoperative AOFAS score (r2=0.076,P=0.041).The MOCART score in postopera-tive last follow up in the hyperuricemia group was lower than that in the non-hyperuricemia group,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The cartilage defect repair and filling degree and the fusion of repaired tissue with adjacent cartilage had statistical differences between the hyperuricemia group and non-hyperuricemia group (P<0.05).Conclusion Arthroscopic microfracture operation in treating talar osteo-chondral injuries has good clinical effect,the postoperative clinical effect in the patients with complicating hy-peruricemia is lower than that in the patients with non-hyperuricemia and the blood uric acid level is negative-ly correlated with the AOFAS score after microfracture surgery.

Objective To provide a longitudinal evaluation tool based on the frequency of aggressive be-havior for the aggression assessment of schizophrenia patients.Methods The Life History of Aggression was translated and revised to form the Life History of Aggression-Chinese Version(LHA-CV)based on 369 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia in the Chengdu community and compulsory medical insti-tution.The reliability of LHA-CV was analyzed by means of split-half reliability,test-retest reliability and inter-evaluator consistency.The validity was analyzed by item analysis,construct validity and crite-rion validity.Results Item analysis found that LHA-CV had good homogeneity and discriminant validity.Exploratory factor analysis found that the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin(KMO)test value was 0.80,and the Bartlett's sphericity test χ2=1203.46(P<0.05),and it revealed four factors including non-physical ag-gression,physical aggression,self-directed aggression and antisocial behavior/consequences.The factor loadings for all 11 items were greater than 0.40.Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the factor model,Chi-square degree of freedom(χ2/df)was 3.61,root mean square error of approxima-tion(RMSEA)was 0.07,goodness-of-fit index(GFI)was 0.92,comparative fit index(CFI)was 0.90,incremental fit index(IFI)was 0.90,and the discriminant validity of each factor was good.The criterion validity test showed the total score of LHA-CV was positively correlated with the aggressive behavior level of MacArthur Community Violence Instrument,the total score of Buss-Perry Aggression Scale,and the score of Antisocial Personality Disorder Subscale of Personality Diagnostic Question-naire-4th Edition Plus(PDQ-4+_ASPD,P<0.05).The Cronbach's α coefficient of non-physical aggres-sion,physical aggression,self-directed aggression,antisocial behavior/consequences and LHA-CV total score were 0.82,0.73,0.74,0.56 and 0.79,respectively.The test-retest reliability,Spearman-Brown split-half reliability and intra-class correlation coefficient of LHA-CV total score were 0.82(P<0.05),0.66 and 0.99,respectively.Conclusion LHA-CV has good reliability and validity,and can be used as an evaluation tool for longitudinally assessing aggressive behavior in schizophrenia patients.

For the treatment of atrial fibrillation,Professor WU Wei innovatively put forward the theory of heart-blood-vessels trinity and the theory of stasis-toxin causing palpitation.It is believed that atrial fibrillation is caused by stasis and toxin,and affects the heart,blood and vessels.The core pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation is due to qi stagnation,blood stasis and toxin.The treatment for atrial fibrillation should be closely based on the pathogenesis,the therapeutic principles of treating from the perspective of stasis and together by removing toxin gradually is advocated.And the therapy of regulating qi,activating blood and removing stasis is also the way to remove toxin.The medication is based on the modified Taoren Honghua Decoction,which is mainly composed of Persicae Semen,Carthami Flos,Chuanxiong Rhizoma,Corydalis Rhizoma,Rehmanniae Radix,Paeoniae Radix Rubra,Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Jujubae Fructus,Puerariae Lobatae Radix,Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma,Ostreae Concha,Poria,and Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma.According to the characteristics of Lingnan climate and atrial fibrillation mostly being easy to affect the emotions,the pungent drugs in the prescription are usually removed,and the specific herbal pair of Puerariae Lobatae Radix-Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma is added to remove toxin according to the differentiation of disease.Moreover,for the treatment of atrial fibrillation,Professor WU Wei also adopts traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)external treatment such as foot bath,acupuncture and moxibustion,and physical-breathing exercise as well as health-care methods for comprehensive regulation,relieving the toxin and restoring the original qi.During the treatment atrial fibrillation,Professor WU Wei follows the principle of precise intervention and comprehensive regulation with Chinese medicine,so as to achieve the purpose of eliminating symptoms,restoring sinus rhythm and improving physical constitution.The thoughts of Professor WU Wei for the syndrome differentiation and treatment of atrial fibrillation will provide reference for the treatment of atrial fibrillation with TCM.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics,molecular characteristics,treatment and prognosis of pediatric Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia(Ph-like ALL)with a therapeutic target.Methods:A total of 27 patients of Ph-like ALL with targeted drug target were initially diagnosed in Children's Hospital of Soochow University from December 2017 to June 2021.The data of age,gender,white blood cell(WBC)count at initial diagnosis,genetic characteristics,molecular biological changes,chemotherapy regimen,different targeted drugs were given,and minimal residual disease(MRD)on day 19,MRD on day 46,whether hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)were retrospective analyed,and the clinical characteristics and treatment effect were summarized.Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method.Results:The intensity of chemotherapy was adjusted according to the MRD level during induced remission therapy in 27 patients,10 patients were treated with targeted drugs during treatment,and 3 patients were bridged with HSCT,1 patient died and 2 patients survived.Among the 24 patients who did not receive HSCT,1 patient developed relapse,and achieved complete remission(CR)after treatment with chimeric antigen receptors T cells(CAR-T).The 3-year overall survival,3-year relapse-free survival and 3-year event-free survival rate of 27 patients were(95.5±4.4)％,(95.0±4.9)％and(90.7±6.3)％respectively.Conclusion:Risk stratification chemotherapy based on MRD monitoring can improve the prognosis of Ph-like ALL in children,combined with targeted drugs can achieve complete remission as soon as possible in children whose chemotherapy response is poor,and sequential CAR-T and HSCT can significantly improve the therapeutic effect of Ph-like ALL in children whose MRD is continuously positive during induced remission therapy.

Major depressive disorder(MDD)is a prevalent con-dition associated with substantial impairment and low remission rates.Traditional antidepressants demonstrate delayed effects,low cure rate,and inadequate therapeutic effectiveness for man-aging treatment-resistant depression(TRD).Several studies have shown that ketamine,a non-selective N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR)antagonist,can produce rapid and sustained antidepressant effects.Ketamine has demonstrated efficacy for reducing suicidality in TRD patients.However,the pharmaco-logical mechanism for ketamine's antidepressant effects remains incompletely understood.Previous research suggests that the an-tidepressant effects of ketamine may involve the monoaminergic,glutamatergic and dopaminergic systems.This paper provides an overview of the pharmacological mechanism for ketamine's anti-depressant effects and discuss the potential directions for future research.

Glutamate,norepinephrine,and their receptors com-prise the glutamatergic and norepinephrine systems,which mu-tually affect each other and play essential roles in mediating vari-ous neuropsychiatric diseases.This paper reviews the functions of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDA-R)and α2-adrenergic receptor(α2-AR)and their functional crosstalk at the molecular level in brain in common neuropsychiatric diseases,which would benefit our understanding of neuropathophysiology of psychiatric diseases,drug development and optimization of clinical neuro-psychopharmacology.