In recent years,significant breakthroughs have been achieved in the immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease.In line with global advancements,two anti-amyloid-β monoclonal antibodies have been approved and successfully launched in China for clinical use.Lecanemab and Donanemab were officially used in June 2024 and April 2025 in China,respectively.In order to standardize the rational and safe application of anti-amyloid-β monoclonal antibodies for Alzheimer's disease in China,this article integrates recom-mendations from the clinical trials and real-world experience from the author's team and domestic peers to further update the recom-mendations for the clinical use of anti-amyloid-β monoclonal antibody based on the 2024 version.It includes indications for therapy,pre-treatment evaluation and preparation,administration protocols and safety measures during treatment,and post-treatment monitor-ing strategies.

Surface enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)is an important technique for detecting pesticide residues.However,many pesticides have small Raman scattering cross sections and low affinity for gold/silver enhancement substrates,resulting in low sensitivity for direct SERS detection.Indirect methods typically require complex surface modifications and have poor universality.Here,a dual functional composite Au@MnO2 combined with acetylcholinesterase(AChE)was proposed for SERS biosensing of pesticides.The Au@MnO2 with oxidase-like activity could oxidize 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)into oxTMB with a large Raman scattering cross section,producing strong SERS signal using Au@MnO2 itself as enhancement substrate.In the presence of AChE,acetylthiocholine(ATCh)was catalytically hydrolyzed to produce thiocholine(TCh),and its reducibility could induce the decomposition of MnO2.Consequently,oxidase-like activity of Au@MnO2 was declined,less oxTMB was produced,and gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)detached from the MnO2 layer,resulting in a weakened SERS response.Organophosphorus pesticides(OPs),as inhibitors of AChE,prevented the production of TCh,thereby blocking the decomposition of MnO2 and leading to the recovery of Raman signals.Under optimized conditions,the Raman signal switching strategy was successfully used for detection of three OPs,i.e.,fenthion,chlorpyrifos,and methyl parathion,with detection limits of 4×10-11 mol/L,2×10-9 mol/L,and 3×10-9 mol/L,respectively.In actual spinach sample testing,the spiked recoveries of the three OPs ranged from 86.5%to 110.6%.This study provided a new strategy for detecting pesticide residues using SERS.

The early response of plant auxin gene family Aux/IAA (auxin/indole-3-acetic acid) and its interaction with auxin response factor (ARF) are important pattern to regulate plant growth and development. This work identified 28 StoIAA and 24 StoARF members based on the whole genome data of the medicinal plant Senna tora L., which were classified into 10 and 8 subfamilies, respectively. Phylogenetic tree and collinearity analysis showed that S. tora has close evolutionary relationship with the IAA and ARF homologous genes of Glycine max, Medicago truncatula, and the segment duplication events dominate the expansion of StoIAA and StoARF. Gene structure analysis showed that the vast majority of StoIAA and StoARF contain characteristic conserved domain. Transcriptome data showed that StoIAAs and StoARFs were expressed in leaves, roots and seeds, some members had tissue specific expression. The StoIAA and StoARF promoter region most contain functional elements related to stress response, growth and development, hormone induction and secondary metabolism. In addition, gene expression analysis showed that many StoIAAs and StoARFs can quickly respond to drought and salt stress and exhibited same expression patterns under both stress condition. The yeast two-hybrid experiment confirmed that StoARF8 and StoARF10 exhibit varying degrees of interaction with multiple StoIAA proteins, respectively. The above results provide a basis for further biological functional analysis of the Aux/IAA and ARF gene family of S. tora.

Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in tertiary hospitals in major regions of China in 2022.Methods Clinical isolates from 58 hospitals in China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2022 Clinical &Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)breakpoints.Results A total of 318 013 clinical isolates were collected from January 1,2022 to December 31,2022,of which 29.5％were gram-positive and 70.5％were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species(excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi)was 28.3％,76.7％and 77.9％,respectively.Overall,94.0％of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 90.8％of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis showed significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 94.2％in the isolates from children and 95.7％in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 13.1％in most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,21.7％-23.1％of which were resistant to carbapenems.Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.1％to 13.3％.The prevalence of meropenem-resistant strains decreased from 23.5％in 2019 to 18.0％in 2022 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and decreased from 79.0％in 2019 to 72.5％in 2022 in Acinetobacter baumannii.Conclusions The resistance of clinical isolates to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still increasing in tertiary hospitals.However,the prevalence of important carbapenem-resistant organisms such as carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a downward trend in recent years.This finding suggests that the strategy of combining antimicrobial resistance surveillance with multidisciplinary concerted action works well in curbing the spread of resistant bacteria.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in the elderly people in Wuhan during 2016-2020, and to provide a basis for formulating effective prevention and control strategies and measures. Methods Using the National Tuberculosis Information Management System, a descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the medical records of elderly (≥60 years old) pulmonary tuberculosis patients registered in Wuhan from 2016 to 2020. Results A total of 9 427 elderly pulmonary tuberculosis patients were registered in Wuhan during 2016-2020, accounting for 32.07% of the total number of registrations in the whole population. The reported incidence rate of tuberculosis in the elderly was significantly higher than that in the total population, and the reported incidence rates in both the elderly and the general population showed declining trends (whole population χ²_trend=216.97, P<0.05, elderly population χ²_trend=153.57, P<0.05). The time distribution showed that more cases occurred from April to November (70.90%). The top three districts with the largest number of registered cases were far urban areas, namely Huangpi District (13.81%), Xinzhou District (11.55%), and Jiangxia District (9.82%). The ratio of male to female with pulmonary tuberculosis in elderly patients was 2.85:1. Among the elderly pulmonary tuberculosis, the most registered cases were in the age group of 60 ~ years old, followed by 65 ~ years old. The proportion of smear-positive in elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis retreatment was 16.83%. Conclusion From 2016 to 2020, the epidemic situation of elderly pulmonary tuberculosis showed a downward trend in Wuhan. However, the elderly population with tuberculosis registrations still accounted for a relatively high proportion of the total population. According to the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis among the elderly, the city should carry out tuberculosis prevention and control work in a timely, appropriate and focused manner.

Glycogen synthase kinase 3/SHAGGY-like kinase (GSK3) proteins play important roles in regulating plant growth, development, and stress response. In order to reveal the characteristics of GSK family members in the medicinal plant Senna tora L., in this study, we conducted the identification and expression analyses of GSKs in S. tora based on its whole genome data, combined with bioinformatics and gene expression research methods. The results showed that a total of nine S. tora GSK genes were identified, all of which contained the GSK characteristic kinase domains. All members were distributed on six chromosomes, the encoding amino acid length ranged from 465 to 943 aa, the protein molecular weight was from 33.57 to 88.83 kDa, and the average isoelectric point was 8.2. The StoSKs were divided into four evolutionary branches, and the StoSKs in the same evolutionary branch shared the same exon/intron structure and conserved motifs. The expansion of the StoSKs gene family was mainly due to segment duplication events, and there were 17, 11, 8 and 7 pairs of collinear genes with Glycine max, Medicago truncatula, Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa, respectively. The promoter regions of StoSKs mostly contained responses elements related to stress stimulation, growth and development, and hormone induction. Transcriptome data analysis showed that StoSKs were expressed in different tissues, with the highest expression level in roots. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that StoSKs in different evolutionary branches displayed a synergistic expression pattern response to light, and most of StoSKs could rapidly respond to NaCl stress with significantly up-regulated expression. All the results provide a basis for further analysis of the biological functions of the GSKs gene family in S. tora.

An UHPLC-Q-exactive orbitrap MS method for the simultaneous determination of 19 chemical components in Qilong Zhuang'er oral liquid was established and the quality differences between different batches of samples was compared by chemometric analysis to provide a basis for the quality evaluation of the preparation. The contents of allantoin, L-proline, pyroglutamic acid, hordenine, adenosine, L-phenylalanine, guanosine, L-tryptophan, caffeic acid, calycosin-7-glucoside, verbascoside, isoacteoside, ononin, calycosin, 3-hydroxy-9,10-dimethoxyptercarpan, formononetin, atractylenolide III, atractylenolide II and astragaloside A were analyzed by cluster heat map, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) using Hiplot platform and Markerlynx^XS software to comprehensively evaluate the quality difference of different batches of Qilong Zhuang'er oral liquid. The 19 chemical compounds showed good linearity in their respective concentration ranges (r ≥ 0.999). The RSD of precision, repeatability and stability (24 h) tests were all less than 1.94%. The average recovery was 97.24%-102.75% (RSD < 2.74%, n = 6). The 10 batches of samples were divided into two categories by cluster heat map and PCA analysis. 3-Hydroxy-9,10-dimethoxyptercarpan, atractylenolide III, calycosin, atractylenolide II, formononetin, allantoin and caffeic acid were identified as differential markers by PLS-DA. The established multi component quantitative method of Qilong Zhuang'er oral liquid combined with chemometric analysis can provide reference for the quality evaluation of the preparation.

Humans ; Consensus ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy* ; Neuroendocrine Tumors/therapy*

Objective:To analyze the quality of surgical specimens of rectal cancer in the Chinese transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) registry collaborative (CTRC) database.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. Based on the concept of real-world research, the clinicopathological data of 1 761 patients with rectal cancer in the CTRC database who underwent taTME in 40 medical centers, including the Beijing Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical University et al, from November 15, 2017 to December 31, 2022 were collected. There were 1 212 males and 549 females, aged 62(range, 53-68)years. Observation indicators: (1) preoperative examinations; (2) neoadjuvant therapy; (3) postoperative examinations. Measurement data with skewed distri-bution were represented as M(range). Count data were described as absolute numbers. Results:(1) Preoperative examinations. Of the 1 761 patients, 1 324 patients underwent preoperative pelvic magnetic resonance imaging examination, and the results showed that 4 cases as clinical T0 stage, 30 cases as clinical T1 stage, 250 cases as clinical T2 stage, 828 cases as clinical T3 stage, 141 cases as clinical T4 stage, 11 cases as clinical Tx stage, 60 cases missing clinical T staging data, 490 cases as clinical N0 stage, 373 cases as clinical N1 stage, 311 cases as clinical N2 stage, 86 cases as clinical Nx stage, 64 cases missing clinical N staging data, 156 cases with mesorectal fascia invasion, 223 cases with extraintestinal blood vessels invasion. The distance from lower margin of tumor to anal margin of 1 324 patients was 50(range, 40-60)mm. (2) Neoadjuvant therapy. Of the 1 761 patients, 873 patients underwent neoadjuvant therapy, including 17 cases receiving radiotherapy alone, 155 cases receiving chemotherapy alone, 43 cases receiving short-course simultaneous chemoradiotherapy, 26 cases receiving short-course simultaneous chemoradiotherapy and delayed surgery, 1 case receiving contact radiotherapy, 277 cases receiving long-course simultaneous chemoradiotherapy, 9 cases receiving other treatments, and 345 cases missing neoadjuvant therapy data. (3) Postoperative examinations. Of the 1 761 patients, 1 584 cases achieved R 0 resection, 23 cases achieved R 1 resection, 1 case achieved R 2 resection, and there were 153 cases missing surgical margin data. The tumor diameter, number of lymph nodes harvest and positive rate of intravascular tumor thrombus were 30(range, 20-45)cm, 13(range, 10-17) and 20.794%(330/1 587) in 1 761 patients. There were 1 647 patients with circumferential margin records, which showed positive in 51 cases, and the minimum distance from deep part of tumor to circumferential margin was 5(rang, 3-13)mm in 1 647 patients. There were 547 cases with distal margin records, which showed positive in 4 cases, and the distance from lower margin of tumor to distal margin was 20(10-25)mm in 547 cases. There were 1 698 patients with specimen integrity records, which showed intact specimen in 1 436 cases, fair specimen in 233 cases, poor specimen in 8 cases, unevaluated specimen in 21 cases, and there were 20 cases with rectal tube perforation. Of the 1 761 patients, cases as pathological T0 stage, Tis stage, T1 stage, T2 stage, T3 stage, T4 stage was 103, 23, 145, 515, 712, 179, respectively, and there were 4 cases of pathology that could not be evaluated and 80 cases missing pathological T staging data. Of the 1 761 patients, cases as pathological N0 stage, N1a stage, N1b stage, N1c stage, N2a stage, N2b stage was 1 117, 189, 133, 66, 109, 68, respectively, and there were 79 cases missing pathological N staging data. Of the 1 761 patients, there were 79 cases with distant metastasis, 1 591 cases without distant metastasis, and 91 cases without data of tumor metastasis. Of the 873 patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy, there were 405 patients with tumor regression grade records including 105 cases as grade 1, 142 cases as grade 2, 91 cases as grade 3, 43 cases as grade 4, 24 cases as grade 5. Conclusions:In China, the quality of surgical specimens of taTME for rectal cancer is good with low positive rate of resection margin. It is recommended that using a formatted postoperative pathological report for good quality control of pathological report of surgical specimen.

During coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic, the treatment of severe trauma has been impacted. The Consensus on emergency surgery and infection prevention and control for severe trauma patients with 2019 novel corona virus pneumonia was published online on February 12, 2020, providing a strong guidance for the emergency treatment of severe trauma and the self-protection of medical staffs in the early stage of the epidemic. With the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council renaming "novel coronavirus pneumonia" to "novel coronavirus infection" and the infection being managed with measures against class B infectious diseases since January 8, 2023, the consensus published in 2020 is no longer applicable to the emergency treatment of severe trauma in the new stage of epidemic prevention and control. In this context, led by the Chinese Traumatology Association, Chinese Trauma Surgeon Association, Trauma Medicine Branch of Chinese International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, and Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Traumatology, the Chinese expert consensus on emergency surgery for severe trauma and infection prevention during coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic ( version 2023) is formulated to ensure the effectiveness and safety in the treatment of severe trauma in the new stage. Based on the policy of the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council and by using evidence-based medical evidence as well as Delphi expert consultation and voting, 16 recommendations are put forward from the four aspects of the related definitions, infection prevention, preoperative assessment and preparation, emergency operation and postoperative management, hoping to provide a reference for severe trauma care in the new stage of the epidemic prevention and control.