Objective Acute lung injury induced by variety causes can be reduced by mesenchymal stem cells.Some studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes have similar features with mesenchymal stem cell,but its role in acute lung injury is less studied.The study was to investigate the protective role and underlying mechanisms of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (BMSC-DEs) on smoke inhalation injury (SⅡ) in rats.Methods Thirty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 equal groups:normal control group,smoke inhalation injury (SⅡ) model group and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (BMSC-DEs) treated group.12 h after establishing the SⅡ model,BMSC-DEs treated group was injected with 0.5 mL BMSC-DEs (derived from 4× 106 BMSCs),and normal control group and SⅡ model group were injected with equivalent volume of normal saline.7 days later,samples were collected.The histopathologic changes of lung were observed after HE staining;BCA was used to test the amounts of total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF);Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to test the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) in the lung tissue;Immunohistochemical was used to test the levels of pulmonary surfactant protein C(SP-C).Results The BALF levels of total protein of SⅡ group was significantly higher than those of normal control group (P＜0.01) and BMSC-DEs groups(P＜0.05);Compared with normal group [(0.164±0.021) ng/L],the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α of SII and BMSC-DEs groups [(0.355±0.106)、(0.234±0.024) ng/L] (P＜ 0.05) were significantly higher,and SⅡ group was higher than that of BMSC-DEs group(P＜0.01);Compared with normal group,the KGF protein expression level in lung tissue of SⅡ group was significantly lower (P＜0.05),but BMSC-DEs group was higher (P＜0.05).BMSC-DEs group was higher than SⅡ group (P＜0.01);Immunohistochemistry showed that the SP-C expression level in lung tissue of SⅡ group was significantly lower than those of other groups (P＜0.05).There was no statistically difference between BMSC-DEs group and control group (P＞0.05).Conclusion BMSC-DEs has a protective effect of smoke inhalation injury rats,the underlying mechanism may be related to BMSC-DEs to reduce inflammation and promote restoration of the alveolar epithelial type Ⅱ.

Objective:To investigate the technique and efficacy of PTES for treatment of L5/S1 disc herniation.Methods:PTES was performed on 52 cases of L5/S1 herniations without spinal instability and central spinal canal stenosis,including 24 cases of high iliac crest,from November 2012 to April 2013.The operation duration,frequency of intraoperative fluoroscopy,blood loss and hospitalization days were recorded.Leg pain was evaluated by using the visual analog scale(VAS)Preoperatively and immediately,1 week,1 month,2 months,3 months,6 months,1 year and 2 years after surgery.The results were determined to be excellent,good,fair,or poor according to the Macnab classification,and complications were observed at 2-year follow-up.Objective:The mean operation duration was(56.3 ±11.5)min per segment.The median frequency of intraoperatively fluoroscopy was 5(3-14)times.The median blood loss was 5(2-20)mL.The median hospital stay was 3(2-4)days.The average postoperative follow-up was(26.2±2.0)months.The median preoperative VAS score of leg pain was 9(6-10),1(0-3)immediately after the operation and 0(0-3)2 years after operation,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.001).There were 3 cases of lower limb rebound pain 1 week after operation,which were relieved within 2 months after operation.The rate of excellent and good curative effect was 98.1％(51/52)2 years after operation.No complications such as nerve injury,infection,abdominal organ damage and rupture of large vessels occurred.No recurrence occurred.Conclusions:PTES for L5/S1 disc herniation including the cases with high iliac crest is an easy,effective and safe technique.The method has the advantages of simple positioning,easy puncture,simple steps and less fluoroscopy,and the learning curve is not steep for surgeons.

Objective To investigate the status of dental caries prevalence in high performance fighter pilots,so as to propose suggestions to fighter pilot's oral health care.Methods The status of dental caries and endodontic problems of 103 male and 19 female high performance fighter pilots were investigated by oral examination and panoramic radiographs,including number of dental caries,degree of dental caries,status of periapical diseases and the treatment they had been received.The severity of dental caries was decided by if the dental caries reached dental pulp.The curative effect of root canal therapy (RCT) for the caries reached dental pulp cases was analyzed.Results The dental caries prevalence rate in 122 high performance fighter pilots was 41.0％.It showed significant difference between male and female pilots (x2 =9.950,P＜0.01) in where the prevalence showed 35.0％ and 73.7％ respectively.The rate of periapical lesion was 9.0％ while in male and female pilots was 7.8％ and 15.8％ respectively and showed no significant difference between genders.There were 155 caries teeth found,including 63 teeth's caries reached the dental pulp and 17 dental caries teeth suffered from periapical lesion.Not all but 94.2％ dental caries teeth were treated by filling restoration and only 54.0％ dental pulp reached caries teeth were treated by RCT.Conclusions It is disquieting on the status of oral health in high performance fighter pilots.It is suggested to improve the current medical selection criteria of pilot's oral examination,especially for the chronic dental diseases with the potential hazard of acute inflammation,as well as to enhance the treatment and oral healthcare level for the pilots.

Objective To investigate the status of dental caries prevalence in high performance fighter pilots,so as to propose suggestions to fighter pilot's oral health care.Methods The status of dental caries and endodontic problems of 103 male and 19 female high performance fighter pilots were investigated by oral examination and panoramic radiographs,including number of dental caries,degree of dental caries,status of periapical diseases and the treatment they had been received.The severity of dental caries was decided by if the dental caries reached dental pulp.The curative effect of root canal therapy (RCT) for the caries reached dental pulp cases was analyzed.Results The dental caries prevalence rate in 122 high performance fighter pilots was 41.0％.It showed significant difference between male and female pilots (x2 =9.950,P＜0.01) in where the prevalence showed 35.0％ and 73.7％ respectively.The rate of periapical lesion was 9.0％ while in male and female pilots was 7.8％ and 15.8％ respectively and showed no significant difference between genders.There were 155 caries teeth found,including 63 teeth's caries reached the dental pulp and 17 dental caries teeth suffered from periapical lesion.Not all but 94.2％ dental caries teeth were treated by filling restoration and only 54.0％ dental pulp reached caries teeth were treated by RCT.Conclusions It is disquieting on the status of oral health in high performance fighter pilots.It is suggested to improve the current medical selection criteria of pilot's oral examination,especially for the chronic dental diseases with the potential hazard of acute inflammation,as well as to enhance the treatment and oral healthcare level for the pilots.

Background Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP) is the main surgical procedure used in type 2 diabetes.The objective of this study was to evaluate the different types of GBP in treatment of type 2 diabetes.Methods Patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into two groups:those who underwent gastrojejunal loop anastomosis bypass and those who underwent gastrojejunal Roux-en-Y bypass.Blood glucose alterations,operation time,and operation complicatiors were observed.Results Gastrojejunal loop anastomosis bypass and gastrojejunal Roux-en-Y bypass were both effective in the treatment of selected patients with type 2 diabetes.Compared with gastrojejunal Roux-en-Y bypass,gastrojejunal loop anastomosis bypass had the advantages of easier implementation,shorter operation time,and fewer operation complications.Conclusions Gastrojejunal loop anastomosis is effective in treatment of type 2 diabetes.It is safe,easy to implement,and worthy of clinical popularization.

Background Acute lung injury (ALI) and end-stage acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were among the most common causes of death in intensive care units.The activation of an inflammatory response and the damage of pulmonary epithelium and endotheliumwerethe hallmark of ALI/ARDS.Recent studies had demonstrated the importance of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in maintaining the normal pulmonary endothelial and epithelial function as well as participating in modulating the inflammatory response and they are involved in epithelial and endothelial repair after injury.Here,our study demonstrates MSCs therapeutic potential in a rat model of ALI/ARDS.Methods Bone marrow derived MSCs were obtained from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and their differential potential was verified.ALl was induced in rats byoleic acid (OA),and MSCs were transplanted intravenously.The lung injury and the concentration of cytokines in plasma and lung tissue extracts were assessed at 8 hours,24 hours and 48 hours after OA-injection.Results The histological appearance and water content in rat lung tissue were significantly improved at different time points in rats treated with MSCs.The concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α and intercellular adhesion molecular-1 in rats plasma and lung tissue extracts were significantly inhibited after intravenous transplantation of MSCs,whereas interleukin-10 was significantly higher after MSCs transplantation at 8 hours,24 hours and 48 hours after OA-challenge.Conclusions Intravenous transplantation of MSCs could maintain the integrity of the pulmonary alveolar-capillary barrier and modulate the inflammatory response to attenuate the experimental ALI/ARDS.Transplantation of MSCs could be a novel cell-based therapeutic strategy for prevention and treatment of ALI/ARDS.

Background RhoA/ Rho kinase (ROCK) pathway is involved in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation. Inhibition of ROCK has been proposed as a treatment for PAH. But the mechanism of RhoA/ROCK pathway and its downstream signaling in proliferation of human PASMCs is unclear. We investigated the effect of fasudil, a selective ROCK inhibitor, on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) induced human PASMC proliferation, and the possible association between RhoA/ROCK and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK),p27KiP1.Methods Human PASMCs were cultured with the stimulation of 10 ng/ml PDGF, and different concentrations of fasudil were added before the addition of mitogen. Cell viability and cell cycle were determined with MTT and flow cytometry respectively. ROCK activity, ERK activity and protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear angigen (PCNA) and p27Kip1 were measured by immunoblotting.Results By MTT assay, PDGF significantly increased the OD value that represented human PASMC proliferation, and pretreatment with fasudil significantly reversed this effect in a dose-dependent manner. After PDGF stimulation, the percentage of cells in S phase increased dramatically from 15.6％ to 24.3％, while the percentage in G0/G1 phase was reduced from 80.6％ to 59％. And pretreatment with fasudil reversed the cell cycle effect of PDGF significantly in a dose-dependent manner. PDGF markedly induced ROCK activity and ERK activity with a peak at 15 minutes, which were significantly inhibited by fasudil. In addition, fasudil significantly inhibited PDGF-induced PCNA expression and fasudil also upregulated p27Kip1 expression in human PASMCs, which decreased after PDGF stimulation.Conclusion RhoA/ROCK is vital for PDFG-induced human PASMC proliferation, and fasudil effectively inhibited PDGF-induced human PASMC proliferation by up-regulation of p27Kip1, which may be associated with inhibition of ERK activity.

Objective To monitor the explosion impact and its influence to the shipboard personnnel's physiological state by BodyMonBelt-a biomedical monitoring equipment for aviation in the experiment of non-contact underwater explosion on warship and to promote a real-time monitoring technique. Methods In the experiment of non-contact underwater torpedo explosion on warship, 9 shipboard personnel and a manikin, who were in different locations, were monitored by BodyMonBelt. The recorded parameters included ECG, HR, respiratory rate, body temperature and bi-axial acceleration values (Gy and Gz), of which only accelerations were recorded on manikin. Several other BodyMonBelt devices were placed in different location for recording the explosive impact to ship body. Self-comparimn analysis on HR,respiratory rate and body temperature that measured in 30 min before and after explosion was taken.Results The acceleration range applied by explosion at heart position was respectively 0. 23-2. 17 G and -0. 39-0. 66 G along Gz and Gy axis and those were in endurable range of human body. The highest HR and respiratory rate prior to explosion could be in the ranges of 107-171 beats/min and 22-29 times/min and average HR and respiratory rate, gathered at 30 min after explosion, were higher than those before explosion (t=2.929, P=0.019). The body temperature had no significant change in experiment. Conclusions BodyMonBelt could accurately record the explosion impact that applied on ship body and shipboard personnel, and simultaneously monitor the related physiological changes. It would be an applicable equipment in analyzing physiological and psychological state of the people who works in hazardous environment. By analyzing the BodyMonBelt recorded results and comparing physiological tolerance limit, it is showed that wearing proper shield and maintaining right posture could effectively protect the shipboard personnel from the explosive impact at experiment equivalent grade.

Objective To monitor the explosion impact and its influence to the shipboard personnnel's physiological state by BodyMonBelt-a biomedical monitoring equipment for aviation in the experiment of non-contact underwater explosion on warship and to promote a real-time monitoring technique. Methods In the experiment of non-contact underwater torpedo explosion on warship, 9 shipboard personnel and a manikin, who were in different locations, were monitored by BodyMonBelt. The recorded parameters included ECG, HR, respiratory rate, body temperature and bi-axial acceleration values (Gy and Gz), of which only accelerations were recorded on manikin. Several other BodyMonBelt devices were placed in different location for recording the explosive impact to ship body. Self-comparimn analysis on HR,respiratory rate and body temperature that measured in 30 min before and after explosion was taken.Results The acceleration range applied by explosion at heart position was respectively 0. 23-2. 17 G and -0. 39-0. 66 G along Gz and Gy axis and those were in endurable range of human body. The highest HR and respiratory rate prior to explosion could be in the ranges of 107-171 beats/min and 22-29 times/min and average HR and respiratory rate, gathered at 30 min after explosion, were higher than those before explosion (t=2.929, P=0.019). The body temperature had no significant change in experiment. Conclusions BodyMonBelt could accurately record the explosion impact that applied on ship body and shipboard personnel, and simultaneously monitor the related physiological changes. It would be an applicable equipment in analyzing physiological and psychological state of the people who works in hazardous environment. By analyzing the BodyMonBelt recorded results and comparing physiological tolerance limit, it is showed that wearing proper shield and maintaining right posture could effectively protect the shipboard personnel from the explosive impact at experiment equivalent grade.

Background The physiological differences between fetal and postnatal heart have been well characterized at the cellular level. However, the genetic mechanisms governing and regulating these differences have only been partially elucidated. Elucidation of the differentially expressed genes profile before and after birth has never been systematically proposed and analyzed.Methods The human oligonuclectide microarray and bioinformatics analysis approaches were applied to isolate and classify the differentially expressed genes between fetal and infant cardiac tissue samples. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to confirm the results from the microarray.Results Two hundred and forty-two differentially expressed genes were discovered and classified into 13 categories, including genes related to energy metabolism, myocyte hyperplasia, development, muscle contraction, protein synthesis and degradation, extraceUular matrix components, transcription factors, apoptosis, signal pathway molecules, organelle organization and several other biological processes. Moreover, 95 genes were identified which had not previously been reported to be expressed in the heart.Conclusions The study systematically analyzed the alteration of the gene expression profile between the human fetal and infant myocardium. A number of genes were discovered which had not been reported to be expressed in the heart. The data provided insight into the physical development mechanisms of the heart before and after birth.KONG Bo and LU Xiao-dong contributed equally to this study.