Objective To explore the mechanism by which breast cancer-derived LncRNA OIP5-AS1 regulates the migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells through the M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). Methods MDA-MB-231 cells were divided into the control group (blank control), the NC group (transfected with NC siRNA), and the si-OIP5 group (transfected with LncRNA OIP5-AS1 siRNA). The mRNA expression levels of LncRNAs OIP5-AS1, IL-4, and IL-13 were detected by RT-qPCR. The protein expression levels of IL-4 and IL-13 in the culture supernatant were detected by ELISA. The culture supernatant from the control group was added to RPMI 1640 medium at different volume ratios to induce the polarization of M0 macrophages into TAMs. The mRNA expression of CD206 in TAMs was detected by RT-qPCR. M0-type macrophages were induced with the medium supernatant of the NC group/si-OIP5 group, and the expression of CD206 was detected by Western blot. Subsequently, a co-culture model of macrophage and MDA-MB-231 was constructed to evaluate the migration and invasion abilities of MDA-MB-231 cells and detect the expression changes in Vimentin, N-cadherin and E-cadherin. Results Compared with the control and NC groups, the si-OIP5 group showed significantly downregulated expression of LncRNA OIP5-AS1 (P<0.001) and significantly decreased IL-13 mRNA and protein levels (P<0.05). Meanwhile, no significant difference was observed in the expression of IL-4 among the groups. Conditioned medium induced CD206 expression in M0 macrophages in a volume-dependent manner, with the strongest effect at a 40% volume ratio (P<0.001). The CD206 protein level in the si-OIP5 group significantly decreased (P<0.01). In the co-culture system, the migration and invasion abilities of MDA-MB-231 cells in the si-OIP5 group significantly weakened (P<0.001), the expression of E-cadherin was upregulated, and the expression levels of N-cadherin and Vimentin were downregulated (both P<0.01). Conclusion Breast cancer-derived LncRNA OIP5-AS1 can induce TAM M2 polarization mediated by IL-13, thereby promoting the migration, invasion, and EMT of breast cancer cells.

Background/Aims: Liver transplantation (LT) following total hepatectomy is a life-saving treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The HCC recurrence after LT hinders the effectiveness of the procedure. The objective of this study is to develop a pre-operative risk stratification model based on a liquid biopsy. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive multi-omics study of 260 HCC patients from three centers, including clinical data, low-coverage whole-genome sequencing of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from plasma, as well as whole-exome, single-nucleus RNA, and spatial transcriptomics from matched tumor and non-tumor tissues. Results: We identified cfDNA-derived copy number alteration (CNA) signatures associated with post-transplant recurrence. By integrating cfDNA-derived CNA profiles with single-cell transcriptomic data, we traced recurrence-associated cfDNA to a distinct subpopulation of malignant cells within the primary tumor. These cells were embedded in a pro-metastatic microenvironment of specialized endothelial subtypes and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Notably, most recurrence-associated lesions were detectable in cfDNA prior to liver transplantation (LT). Building on these insights, we developed the ZJU Criteria based on CNA fragments and tumor markers, a pre-LT risk prediction tool that integrates conventional clinical factors with cfDNA-derived CNA signatures, and validated it using internal and independent external cohorts. Conclusion Our findings suggest that post-transplant recurrence commonly originates from advanced subclones that emerge late during tumor evolution. The ZJU Criteria provides an accurate, non-invasive strategy that significantly improves pre-LT risk stratification and clinical decision-making for patients with HCC.

Liver cancer (LC) remains one of the most prevalent tumors globally. Despite considerable advancements in its clinical treatment in recent years, the global burden of this disease is projected to increase. According to World Health Organization statistics, the number of LC deaths worldwide in 2022 was 760,000, ranking third among all cancers. Therefore, there is an urgent need to delve deeper into the realms of LC diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Proteomics, as an emerging technology leveraging mass spectrometry (MS)-based protein identification, liquid chromatography separation, and bioinformatics-driven data integration, enables the systematic characterization of proteome dynamics to address critical challenges in LC research. These challenges include the discovery of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets. By scrutinizing the expression of specific proteins in both normal and cancerous tissues through high-throughput protein microarrays, researchers can uncover novel biomarkers. The use of these biomarkers alone or in combination with established ones holds the potential to significantly advance the fields of LC diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. In general, the application of proteomics has significantly promoted the development of LC research. In this review, we summarized the latest advancements in the application of proteomics in LC, with a particular focus on diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. We also concluded selected protein markers, aiming to offer guidance for further applications and present additional therapeutic targets for LC.

Objective:To discuss the clinical application value of echocardiography in evaluating the early outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR)via the transapical approach,and to clarify the role of echocardiography in assessing the efficacy of the surgery.Methods:The clinical data of 85 patients who received J-Valve prosthetic valves via the transapical TAVR were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into AS group(simple aortic stenosis,n=20),AR group(simple aortic regurgitation,n=37),and AS&AR group(aortic stenosis with regurgitation,n=28).Echocardiographic examination was performed on all the patients before operation,1 week after operation,3 months after operation,and 6 months after operation.The parameters including left ventricular end-diastolic volume(LVEDV),left ventricular end-systolic volume(LVESV),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular fractional shortening(LVFS),interventricular septal thickness(IVST),left ventricular posterior wall thickness(LVPWT),aortic valve peak flow velocity(AV Vmax),aortic valve mean transvalvular pressure gradient(AV PGmean),and paravalvular leak(PVL)width were measured to evaluate the cardiac function and the function of the prosthetic valve;the occurrence of postoperative complications of the patients in various groups was also analyzed.Results:J-Valve prosthetic valves were successfully implanted in all 85 patients.There were no significant differences in age,gender,New York Heart Association(NYHA)heart function classification,history of hypertension,history of diabetes,history of hyperlipidemia,and history of coronary artery disease among various groups befor operation(P＞0.05),ensuring comparability.Compared with before operation,1 week after operation,the AV Vmax and AV PGmean of the patients in AS group and AS&AR group were decreased(P＜0.05);there were no significant differences in various parameters of the patients in AR group(P＞0.05).Compared with before operation,3 months after operation,the LVEF and LVFS of the patients in AS group were increased(P＜0.05),while the AV Vmax and AV PGmean were decreased(P＜0.05);the LVEDV and LVESV of the patients in AR group were decreased(P＜0.05),while the LVEF and LVFS were increased(P＜0.05);the LVEDV,LVESV,AV Vmax,and AV PGmean of the patients in AS&AR group were decreased(P＜0.05),while the LVEF and LVFS were increased(P＜0.05).Compared with before operation,LVEDV,LVESV,IVST,and LVPWT of the patients in all three groups 6 months after operation were decreased(P＜0.05),while LVEF and LVFS were increased(P＜0.05);the AV Vmax and AV PGmean of the patients in AS group and AS&AR group were decreased(P＜0.05);the AV PGmean of the patients in AR group was decreased(P＜0.05).The postoperative complications included 3 cases of permanent pacemaker implantation(2 cases in AS group,1 case in AR group),1 case of stroke(in AS group),and 13 cases of PVL(4 cases in AS group,5 cases in AR group,4 cases in AS&AR group).No deaths occurred during follow-up.Conclusion:Echocardiography can accurately and quantitatively evaluate early changes in cardiac function and the functional state of prosthetic valves after transapical TAVR,providing objective evidence for evaluating surgical outcomes and postoperative complications.

Radiomics provides quantitative support for the diagnosis,treatment strategy and prognosis evaluation of brain arteriovenous malformation(bAVM)through high-throughput analysis of imaging data,and it also shows significant advantages in clinical symptom prediction,personalized treatment and clinical outcome prediction.Emerging imaging techniques,such as blood oxygen level-dependent cerebrovascular reactivity imaging and ultrasound technology,provide a new perspective for evaluating the hemodynamic changes and epilepsy susceptibility associated with bAVM.In addition,advances in deep learning algorithms in automatic segmentation of bAVM lesions have greatly improved the accuracy and efficiency of segmentation.With the continuous progress of imaging technology,data analysis algorithms and software,radiomics is expected to play a greater role in precision medicine and individualized treatment,bringing better diagnosis and treatment services and better treatment effects for bAVM patients.

Objective To construct an aptamer-functionalized carboxylated graphene oxide(CGO)fluo-rescent sensor to achieve highly sensitive and specific detection of ketamine(KET)and its metabolite norketamine(NK)using an aptamer capable of simultaneously recognizing KET and NK.Methods A specific aptamer for simultaneous recognition of KET and NK was screened using graphene oxide-sys-tematic evolution of ligand by exponential enrichment(GO-SELEX)and molecular docking tech-niques.The aptamer,labeled with Cy5 fluorescence,was chemically conjugated to CGO to construct an aptamer-functionalized CGO fluorescent sensor.By optimizing detection conditions,including the mass concentration of CGO,aptamer concentration,reaction temperature,and incubation time,quantita-tive analysis of the target analytes was achieved using the ratio of fluorescence intensity changes be-fore and after target addition.The stability of the sensor in biological matrices was evaluated by moni-toring fluorescence intensity changes over incubation time in blank blood and urine,in comparison with the traditional physical adsorption-based CGO fluorescent sensor.Spiked recovery experiments in blank blood and urine were conducted to compare performance with that of HPLC-MS/MS.Results A specific aptamer A5 was selected and chemically conjugated with CGO to construct the aptamer-functionalized CGO fluorescent sensor.Under optimized conditions,the proposed fluorescent sensor ex-hibited a linear detection range of 1.0-5.0 ng/mL for KET,with a limit of detection(LOD)of 0.86 ng/mL;while for NK,the linear detection range was 1.0-5.0 ng/mL,with an LOD of 0.70 ng/mL.Com-pared with the CGO fluorescent sensor constructed via physical adsorption,this sensor demonstrated greater stability in blood and urine.The spiked recovery rates of KET and NK in blank blood and urine ranged from 81.50%to 110.03%,exhibiting detection performance comparable to that of HPLC-MS/MS.Conclusion The aptamer screening method offers a novel approach for selecting aptamers tar-geting drugs and their metabolites.The constructed aptamer-functionalized CGO fluorescent sensor pro-vides an efficient and reliable strategy for the high-performance detection of KET and NK.

The persistent rise in obesity rates among children and adolescents has become a global public health crisis.Most obesity in childhood continues into adulthood，increasing the risk of related chronic diseases.Under the background of the obesity epidemic，there is a comprehensive decline in physical fitness among children and adolescents，with a continuous reduction in muscle mass and strength.This has led to a state of muscle loss coexisting with obesity，which interact to form a vicious cycle that significantly increases the risk of metabolic complications.This coexisting state is currently defined as sarcopenic obesity.There is a lack of established consensus for the assessment of sarcopenic obesity in children，with only a few reports from abroad and insufficient data in domestic literature.This article describes the epidemiology，definition，pathogenesis，diagnosis，and treatment of sarcopenic obesity in children，providing clinical insights for early identification and intervention of this disease in pediatric practice.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics, treatments, and prognosis of patients with ovarian juvenile granulosa cell tumor (JGCT).Methods:Clinical and pathological data, and follow-up information of 34 patients diagnosed with JGCT from 2000 to 2021 were collected from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database. A retrospective analysis was conducted to summarize the patients′ clinical and pathological characteristics, treatments, and prognosis. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to match the JGCT cases with adult granulosa cell tumor (AGCT) cases in SEER database. A total of 96 patients with ovarian granulosa cell tumor (OGCT), including 32 cases of JGCT and 64 cases of AGCT, were enrolled in a matched cohort analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed on the matched cohort to explore the risk factors for overall survival. Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test were used to compare the survival outcomes between JGCT and AGCT.Results:(1) The median age at diagnosis for the 34 JGCT patients was 19.5 years (ranged: 1-48 years), with 3 patients aged ≤10 years, 16 patients aged 11-20 years, 11 patients aged 21-30 years, and 4 patients aged >30 years. Tumors originated unilaterally in 33 patients, with only 1 case originating bilaterally. The maximum tumor diameter was recorded in 26 patients, with a median size of 12.4 cm (ranged: 3.5-40.0 cm). According to the 2014 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system, 19 patients were diagnosed with stage Ⅰ (including 10 cases with stage Ⅰa and 9 cases with stage Ⅰc), 4 patients with stage Ⅱ, 8 patients with stage Ⅲ, and 3 patients with stage Ⅳ. Two patients did not undergo surgery for the resection of lesions. Stage Ⅰ patients (15/19) underwent fertility-sparing surgery, while stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ patients underwent either fertility-sparing surgery or cytoreductive surgery (6 cases each). Stage Ⅳ patients underwent cytoreductive surgery (2 cases). Lymph node dissection was performed in 10 patients, among which only 1 patient with positive lymph nodes metastasis. None of the 34 patients received radiotherapy, while 18 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy (included neoadjuvant chemotherapy and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy). The proportion of stage Ⅰ patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy was relatively low, with only 4 out of 19 patients (including 2 out of 10 cases for stage Ⅰa and 2 out of 9 cases for stage Ⅰc). The proportions of patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for stages Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ were 3 out of 4 cases, 8 out of 8 cases, and 3 out of 3 cases, respectively. The follow-up ended in December 2021, with 20 patients alive and 14 dead. The survival rate for ovarian JGCT patients was 59% (20/34). Among them, the survival rate for stage Ⅰ patients was 16/19, while for stage Ⅱ-Ⅳ patients, it was 4/15; there was a statistically significant difference ( P=0.002). Among stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ patients, the survival rate at the end of follow-up was 1/6 for those who underwent fertility-sparing surgery, compared to 3/6 for those who underwent cytoreductive surgery ( P=0.546). (2) For the 96 OGCT patients after matching using the PSM method, 64 ovarian AGCT patients had 5 deaths and 59 survivors during the follow-up period, the survival rate was 92% (59/64) at the end of follow-up. In contrast, among the 32 ovarian JGCT patients, 13 died and 19 survived, resulting in a survival rate of 59% (19/32) at the end of follow-up, which was statistically significant difference for the AGCT group ( P<0.001). Univariate Cox analysis revealed that histology, extent of surgery, chemotherapy, postoperative tumor residual status, and stage all significantly affected the survival outcomes of OGCT patients (all P<0.05). Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that variables with significant statistical differences were histology and stage. The median survival time for JGCT patients was 126 months, while AGCT patients median survival time was not reached with a statistically significant between the two groups ( P<0.001). Conclusions:Ovarian JGCT predominantly occur in adolescents and young women. Lymph node metastasis is relatively rare, and treatment primarily involves surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Most ovarian JGCT patients are diagnosed at stage Ⅰ, with a favorable prognosis. Fertility-preserving surgery is recommended, involving salpingo-oophorectomy on the affected side plus comprehensive staging surgery, or a second surgery to achieve comprehensive staging. For stage Ⅱ-Ⅳ ovarian JGCT patients, the prognosis is relatively poor, and fertility-preserving surgery should be considered with caution. The prognosis of ovarian JGCT patients is worse than that of ovarian AGCT patients.

Aim To explore the compatibility and po-tential mechanism of effective components of Biejia-Ezhu against triple negative breast cancer(TNBC)and verify it by experiments.Methods Effective compo-nents and targets of Biejia-Ezhu were obtained by TC-MSP and Swiss Target Prediction.Disease targets of TNBC were obtained from OMMI and GeneCards data-bases.The PPI network was constructed using STRING database.GO and KEGG path enrichment analysis was performed using DAVID database.Cytoscape3.9.1 software was used to construct the"drug-component-target-disease"network,screen key targets and compo-nents for molecular docking,and further verify the com-patibility of key components and targets in vitro.Re-sults ① A total of 71 effective components were iden-tified in the Biejia-Ezhu drug pair.There were 146 drug targets associated with the disease.A total of 113 signaling pathways were identified by KEGG analysis.The 71 potential active components of Biejia-Ezhu mainly acted on key targets such as mTORC1,ULK1,TNF,EGFR,ESR1,STAT3,HIF1A,and PTGS2.Mo-lecular docking results showed that glycine and curcu-min were the key active components of Biejia-Ezhu,and both had strong docking activity against key target proteins mTORC1 and ULK1.②The results of in vitro experiment showed that glycine combined with curcu-min significantly inhibited the proliferation and clonal formation ability of TNBC cells(P＜0.05),up-regula-ted the expression of autophagy marker LC3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ,down-regulated the expression of EGFR,down-regula-ted the expression of pathway protein mTORC1,p-mTOR,p-ULK1,and promoted the expression of path-way protein ULK1(P＜0.05).Conclusion The key component of Biejia-Ezhu against triple-negative breast cancer is glycine-curcumin,the mechanism of which may be related to the regulation of the mTORC1/ULK1 signaling pathway to promote autophagy.

Background:Optimizing cultivation techniques for traditional Chinese medicine has become a crucial means to improve the quality of medicinal materials.Microbial agents,as environmentally friendly and efficient plant growth promoters and soil conditioners,have increasingly attracted attention in eco-agriculture research.Objective:Our understanding remains limited regarding how the application of microbial agents,alone or in combination,affects changes in the rhizosphere microbiome and its association with the bioactive components of medicinal materials.Methods:In this study,Epimedium pubescens Maxim.was employed as a model plant to examine the effects of 2 microbial agents(Paenibacillus mucilaginosus and Bacillus subtilis)applied individually and in combination on plant growth and the accumulation of bioactive components.Additionally,this study explored the relationship between the rhizosphere microbiome and plant development.Results:The application of microbial agents increased the yield of E.pubescens leaves by 20.30％to 33.66％and enhanced the total flavonol glycosides content by 11.40％to 29.94％.Meanwhile,microbial treatments reshaped the rhizosphere microbiome,promoted the enrichment of beneficial microorganisms(e.g.,Frankia and Paenibacillus),suppressed phytopathogenic fungi such as Didymella and Scytalidium,and enhanced the stability of the soil microbial co-occurrence network.The partial least squares path model suggested that microbial agents not only directly impact the quality of medicinal herbs but also indirectly alter the accumula-tion of bioactive components by modulating the soil microbiome.Conclusion:These findings deepen our understanding of the relationship between medicinal plant quality and rhizosphere micro-biomes as mediated by microbial agents.They also provide a basis for designing and manipulating synthetic microbial communities to promote sustainable development in eco-agriculture.