As artificial intelligence technology rapidly advances, its deployment within the medical sector presents substantial ethical challenges. Consequently, it becomes crucial to create a standardized, transparent, and secure framework for processing medical data. This includes setting the ethical boundaries for medical artificial intelligence and safeguarding both patient rights and data integrity. This consensus governs every facet of medical data handling through artificial intelligence, encompassing data gathering, processing, storage, transmission, utilization, and sharing. Its purpose is to ensure the management of medical data adheres to ethical standards and legal requirements, while safeguarding patient privacy and data security. Concurrently, the principles of compliance with the law, patient privacy respect, patient interest protection, and safety and reliability are underscored. Key issues such as informed consent, data usage, intellectual property protection, conflict of interest, and benefit sharing are examined in depth. The enactment of this expert consensus is intended to foster the profound integration and sustainable advancement of artificial intelligence within the medical domain, while simultaneously ensuring that artificial intelligence adheres strictly to the relevant ethical norms and legal frameworks during the processing of medical data.
Artificial Intelligence/legislation & jurisprudence* ; Humans ; Consensus ; Computer Security/standards* ; Confidentiality/ethics* ; Informed Consent/ethics*

BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the primary cause of anovulatory infertility, bringing serious harm to women's physical and mental health. Acupuncture may be an effective treatment for PCOS. However, systematic reviews (SRs) on the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for PCOS have reported inconsistent results, and the quality of these studies has not been adequately assessed. OBJECTIVE: To summarize and evaluate the current evidence on the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for PCOS, as well as to assess the quality and risks of bias of the available SRs. SEARCH STRATEGY: Nine electronic databases (Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, Chongqing VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, and China Biology Medicine disc) were searched from their establishment to July 27, 2022. Based on the principle of combining subject words with text words, the search strategy was constructed around search terms for "acupuncture," "polycystic ovary syndrome," and "systematic review." INCLUSION CRITERIA: SRs of randomized controlled trials that explored the efficacy and (or) safety of acupuncture for treating patients with PCOS were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently extracted study data according to a predesigned form. Tools for evaluating the methodological quality, risk of bias, reporting quality, and confidence in study outcomes, including A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2), Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews (ROBIS), Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses for Acupuncture (PRISMA-A), and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), were used to score the included SRs. RESULTS: A total of 885 studies were retrieved, and 11 eligible SRs were finally included in this review. The methodological quality of 2 SRs (18.18%) was low, while the other 9 SRs (81.82%) were scored as extremely low. Four SRs (36.36%) were considered to be of low risk of bias. As for reporting quality, the reporting completeness of 9 SRs (81.82%) was more than 70%. Concerning the confidence in study results, 2 study results were considered to have a high quality of evidence (3.13%), 14 (21.88%) a "moderate" quality, 28 (43.75%) a "low" quality, and 20 (31.24%) considered a "very low" quality. Descriptive analyses suggested that combining acupuncture with other medicines can effectively improve the clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and ovulation rate, and reduce luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and body mass index (BMI). When compared with medicine alone, acupuncture alone also can improve CPR. Further, when compared with no intervention, acupuncture had a better effect in promoting the recovery of menstrual cycle and reducing BMI. Acupuncture was reported to cause no adverse events or some adverse events without serious harm. CONCLUSION The efficacy and safety of acupuncture for PCOS remains uncertain due to the limitations and inconsistencies of current evidence. More high-quality studies are needed to support the use of acupuncture in PCOS.
Pregnancy ; Humans ; Female ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/etiology* ; Acupuncture Therapy/adverse effects* ; Infertility, Female/etiology* ; China

Amyloidosis/diagnostic imaging* ; Biopsy ; Heart ; Humans

Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Colonic Neoplasms/genetics* ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/genetics* ; Humans ; MicroRNAs/genetics*

Under the guidance of the theory of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， charcoal drugs are widely used in clinical treatment of various bleeding syndromes， in addition， they also have the effect in anti-diarrhea and anti-ulcer， but charcoal drugs are especially effective in stopping bleeding. According to the changes in the properties after processing， the hemostatic effect of charcoal drugs can be roughly divided into two categories. One is not used for hemostasis itself， but used for hemostasis after processing. The other is used for hemostasis itself， and the drug properties are changed or the hemostatic ability is enhanced after processing. By summarizing researches on historical evolution， processing mechanism and pharmacological effects of the commonly used hemostatic charcoal drugs， the author found that preservation or increase of active substances after processing was closely related to the hemostatic effect of charcoal drugs. The hemostatic mechanism mainly involves the influence of coagulation system and platelet function， etc. At the same time， combined with the theory of Qi chromatograph of TCM supramolecular， this paper puts forward the supramolecular research strategy on hemostatic mechanism of charcoal drugs， in order to provide reference for revealing the scientific connotation of charcoal drugs for hemostasis.

Abstract; Aim To explore the effect of icariin (ISO) in mice. Methods C57BL/6 mice were ran- (ICA) on myocardial fibrosis induced by isoproterenol domly divided into control group, ISO group, low-dose (15 mg • kg"1), middle-dose (30 mg • kg"1) and high-dose (60 mg • kg"1) of ICA-treated group and Losartan-treated group ( 9 mg • kg"1 ). The control group was subcutaneously injected with normal saline, and the other groups were subcutaneously injected with ISO (5 mg • kg"1, qd) continuously 14 days to established the myocardial fibrosis model. The ICA-treated groups and Losartan-treated group were simultaneously intragastrically administered of ICA or Losartan, respectively. And the other groups received the same a- mount of double distilled water. The left ventricular e- jection fraction (LVEF) and the left ventricular fraction shortening rate ( LVFS) were evaluated by the small animal ultrasound. The heart mass index (HMI) was calculated. The left ventricular collagen deposition was detected by Masson staining. The protein expressions of a-SMA, MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the left ventricular tissue were detected by Western blot. Results ICA (30, 60 mg • kg"1) and Losartan could inhibit the decreased LVEF and LVFS, the increased HMI and left ventricular collagen deposition, the up- regulated a-SMA and MMP-9 protein expression, the down-regulated MMP-2 and TIMP-1 protein expression in the left ventricular tissues induced by ISO. Conclusions ICA can improve myocardial fibrosis induced by ISO in mice, and the underlying mechanism may be related to the regulation of the protein expression of a- SMA and MMPs/TIMP-1.

Aim To investigate the role of eNOS/PKG- 1 pathway in L-arginine (L-arg) intervention in right ventricular remodeling induced by monocrotaline (MCT) in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with the aid of the tool medicine L-NAME. Methods Twenty SD rats were randomly divided into control group, MCT group, L-Arg group and L-Arg + L-NAME group. The general condition of rats was observed; the right ventricular pressure of rats was measured by right heart catheterization; the rats and the right ventricle were weighed and the right ventricular mass index was calculated; the morphological changes of the right ventricular were observed by H&E staining; the protein expressions of cTnl, eNOS and PKG-1 were detected by Western blot in the right ventricular. Results Compared with control group, right ventricular max pressure and right ventricular mass index significantly increased ( P < 05) ; the weight of rats in MCT group was significantly reduced ( P < 0. 05); the right ventricular myocytes were hypertrophic, disordered and infiltrated with inflammatory cells; the protein expression of cTnl was obviously up-regulated ( P < 0. 05 ) ; the protein expressions of eNOS and PKG-1 were significantly down- regulated ( P < 0. 05 ) . L-arg could significantly improve the above changes ( P < 0. 05 ). However, the effects of L-arg were inhibited by eNOS inhibitor L- NAME. Conclusions L-arg can improve the right ventricular remodeling in rats induced by MCT, and the mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of the protein levels of eNOS and PKG-1.

Objective: Several COVID-19 patients have overlapping comorbidities. The independent role of each component contributing to the risk of COVID-19 is unknown, and how some non-cardiometabolic comorbidities affect the risk of COVID-19 remains unclear. Methods: A retrospective follow-up design was adopted. A total of 1,160 laboratory-confirmed patients were enrolled from nine provinces in China. Data on comorbidities were obtained from the patients' medical records. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio ( Results: Overall, 158 (13.6%) patients were diagnosed with severe illness and 32 (2.7%) had unfavorable outcomes. Hypertension (2.87, 1.30-6.32), type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (3.57, 2.32-5.49), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (3.78, 1.81-7.89), fatty liver disease (7.53, 1.96-28.96), hyperlipidemia (2.15, 1.26-3.67), other lung diseases (6.00, 3.01-11.96), and electrolyte imbalance (10.40, 3.00-26.10) were independently linked to increased odds of being severely ill. T2DM (6.07, 2.89-12.75), CVD (8.47, 6.03-11.89), and electrolyte imbalance (19.44, 11.47-32.96) were also strong predictors of unfavorable outcomes. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease on admission (5.46, 3.25-9.19), while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes (6.58, 1.46-29.64) within two weeks. Conclusion Besides hypertension, diabetes, and CVD, fatty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, other lung diseases, and electrolyte imbalance were independent risk factors for COVID-19 severity and poor treatment outcome. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease, while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes.
Adult ; Aged ; COVID-19/virology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Comorbidity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Treatment Outcome

To systematically evaluate the effects of Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets alone or in combination with methotrexate(MTX) and leflunomide(LEF) on the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients or animal models with rheumatoid arthritis(RA), and to provide reference for clinical application and related basic research, this study systematically searched databases of CNKI, VIP, WanFang, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library, collected relevant clinical or animal experimental studies, used risk assessment tools to evaluate the quality of research, and used Revman 5.3 software to conduct Meta-analysis or descriptive analysis of the outcome indicators included in the literatures. Of the 1 709 papers retrieved, 3 clinical studies and 12 animal experiments were included. The results showed that compared with MTX alone, Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets combined with MTX could further reduce the expression levels of peripheral blood TNF-α(SMD=-8.88,95%CI[-10.77,-6.99],P<0.000 01),IL-1β(P<0.000 01) and IL-6(SMD=-8.63, 95%CI[-10.57,-6.69], P<0.000 01) in RA patients. Compared with LEF alone, the combination of Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets and LEF could not further reduce the expression levels of TNF-α(P=0.20), IL-1β(P=0.17), IL-6(P=0.31). In RA animal model, compared with model group, Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets could reduce the expression levels of peripheral blood IL-1β(SMD=-6.29,95%CI[-9.64,-2.93],P<0.000 2)in peripheral blood(SMD=-1.39,95%CI[-1.77,-1.02],P<0.000 01), joint fluid(P<0.000 01) and paw plasma(P=0.02), and also reduce the expression levels of TNF-α in RA animal model group. Compared with MTX alone, Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets alone reduced the same levels of TNF-α(P=0.42) and IL-6(P=0.08) in joint fluid, while Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets combined with MTX could further reduce the levels of IL-6(P=0.000 1) in joint fluid; compared with LEF alone, Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets have the similar effects on reducing the expression levels of peripheral blood TNF-α(P=0.16), IL-1β(P=0.32), IL-6(P=0.12), while Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets combined with LEF could further reduce the expression levels of TNF-α(P=0.008), IL-1β(P=0.02), IL-6(P<0.000 1) in peripheral blood. Therefore, Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets combined with MTX could further reduce the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood of RA patients. Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets alone could reduce the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood and local joint of RA animal models. Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets combined with MTX or LEF could further reduce the express levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood of RA animal models. Due to the limitation of literature, this conclusion needs to be further validated.
Animals ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy* ; Cytokines ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Glycosides/therapeutic use* ; Humans ; Leflunomide/therapeutic use* ; Methotrexate/therapeutic use* ; Tablets ; Tripterygium/chemistry*

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of single administration of Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets(TGT) or combined administration with methotrexate(MTX) against rheumatoid arthritis(RA) based on American College of Rheumatology(ACR) efficacy standard. Six databases, namely CNKI, WanFang, VIP, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library, were retrieved for randomized controlled trials(RCT), and clinical trials were screened out according to the preset inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then, the study quality was evaluated by the risk assessment tools. Data extraction and analysis were performed by using RevMan 5.3 software for Meta-analysis. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias analysis were made to test the stability and reliability of results. Until December 2018, a total of 1 709 articles were obtained, and finally 10 clinical RCT studies with a total of 1 184 patients were included. As a result, the single administration of TGT showed a significantly better ACR efficiency(RR=1.31, 95%CI[1.15, 1.49], P<0.000 1) than methotrexate(MTX). The combined administration of TGT and MTX showed a significantly better ACR efficiency(RR=1.28, 95%CI[1.20, 1.38], P<0.000 01) than the single administration of MTX. In conclusion, the single administration of TGT and the combined administration of TGT and MTX were more effective in achieving ACR20, ACR50, ACR70 compliance than the single administration of MTX. Further validations based on more RCT studies with high-quality are required.
Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use* ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy* ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Glycosides/therapeutic use* ; Humans ; Methotrexate/therapeutic use* ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Reproducibility of Results ; Tablets ; Treatment Outcome ; Tripterygium/chemistry*