ObjectiveHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents 90% of all primary liver cancers. The main risk factors associated with HCC include viral hepatitis (B and/or C), alcohol abuse, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), which progressively advance to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and ultimately evolve into HCC. Surgical resection represents the most effective treatment for HCC, while recent advances in immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies, have provided improved treatment prospects for patients with unresectable HCC. However, the complex metabolic heterogeneity of HCC limits the therapeutic efficacy. Metabolic intermediates acyl-CoA not only provide energy and substrates for numerous biochemical reactions but also serve as donors for protein lysine acylation, a major class of post-translational modification (PTM). Therefore, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying protein lysine acylation and hepatocarcinogenesis is urgently needed. MethodsThe levels of protein lysine acylation and silence information regulator 5 (SIRT5) expression levels in clinical HCC samples were analyzed by Western blot. Quantitative malonylome and succinylome of HCC samples were analyzed by antibody-based affinity enrichment coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The proliferation of HCC cells was analyzed with Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays, the apoptosis was quantified by Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) staining coupled with flow cytometry, and the ability of cells to migrate was assayed by Transwell assays. The enzymatic activity of glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1) was quantified. Transgenic mice with hepatic overexpression of SIRT5 were constructed using CRISPR-Cas9, and primary hepatocarcinogenesis was induced by administration of diethylnitrosamine. ResultsWestern blot analysis indicated that the expression level of SIRT5 was elevated in clinical samples from HCC patients, and the levels of lysine malonylation, glutarylation, and succinylation were significantly reduced in HCC tissues. Knockout of SIRT5 in MHCC-97H and MHCC-97L hepatoma cells suppressed cell proliferation, and increased the percentage of apoptotic cells significantly. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of the differentially malonylome and succinylome of HCC samples revealed significant enrichment in two major classes of biological processes: core energy metabolism (e.g., glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, tricarboxylic acid metabolic process, fatty acid beta oxidation) and detoxification and oxidative stress response (e.g., response to toxic substance, chemical carcinogenesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS)). SIRT5 removes malonylation from lysine residues in GSTM1 and restores its detoxification activity, which is crucial for the survival of hepatocytes under stressed conditions. More importantly, in vivo experiment indicated that hepatic-specific overexpression of SIRT5 in mice accelerated diethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis, indicating the critical role of SIRT5 in HCC progression. ConclusionThis study highlights the previously unrecognized SIRT5-GSTM1 axis as a key regulator in hepatocarcinogenesis, and suggests a potential target for the treatment of patients with HCC.

Objective To gain insights into the biological characteristics of different populations of Culex tritaeniorhynchus within and around the Yellow Sea wetland from the perspective of the occurrence of resistance, we investigated the levels of resistance to deltamethrin and kdr gene mutation in the wetland and its peripheral areas. Methods Specimens were collected from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations at two monitoring sites in the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area, and also from two populations in Yancheng City and the Liuhe District of Nanjing, and the resistance of these mosquitoes to deltamethrin was determined using the CDC biotest bottle method. For each concentration of deltamethrin assessed, a random subset of exposed specimens was selected for amplification of the kdr gene fragment, followed by Sanger sequencing to identify and analyze resistance-associated mutations. Results The LC50 levels of deltamethrin among mosquitoes from the four populations in Luhe, Yancheng, the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and the Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area were 2.048 5, 7.798 2, 3.473 3, and 17.695 5 mg/mL, respectively, with corresponding concentrations of deltamethrin ranging from 0.005 to 5.000,0.050 to 50.000,0.050 to 25.000 and 0.050 to 50.000 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the ranges of the KT50 values were 11.76-107.43, 67.05-216.30,29.77-107.43 and 28.40-329.51 min; the 1-h knockdown rates were 34.58%-99.15%, 9.52%-43.80%, 55.09%-73.01%, and 10.09%-68.07%; and the 24-h mortality rates were 12.15%-67.52%,9.52%-79.56%,13.17%-82.21%, and 11.01%-78.99%, respectively. With respect to kdr gene mutation, we assayed a total of 63,70,59, and 57 mosquitoes for the four populations, for which we detected L1014F mutation frequencies of 14.29%, 35.00%, 20.34%, and 31.58%, respectively, with a majority of these mutations being heterozygous for resistance. In addition, five adult mosquitoes were identified has having synonymous mutations at site 1011[i. e. , AAT(asparagine)mutation to AAC(asparagine)]. Conclusions Our findings revealed the clear resistance of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus to deltamethrin in the Yancheng region of the Yellow Sea wetland, and the resistance phenotype and kdr frequency of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment were comparable to those of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment, thereby indicating that the resistance of different populations of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was homogeneous under the pressure of different insecticide selection within and around the wetland. However, the underlying mechanisms need to be further studied.

An analysis of 24 144 norovirus sequences from Asia and Russia deposited in GenBank between 1995 and 2023 was conducted,to understand the temporal and spatial variations in norovirus genotypes in these regions.Norovirus sequences from Asia and Russia were downloaded in FASTA format from GenBank for the years 1995-2023,and analyzed in Excel,R language,and GraphPad Prism for data visualization.The number of norovirus sequences submitted to GenBank increased annually from 2004 and peaked in 2015.Notably,China and Japan contributed 62.3％of all submitted norovirus sequences.These sequences encompassed 31 capsid genotypes(C-type),with GⅠ accounting for 9％and GⅡ accounting for 90％.Additionally,49 polymerase types(P-type)were identified,along with 68 combinations of CP types;among the analyzed recombinant sequences(4 460 entries in total),approxi-mately 41％belonged to three predominant recombinant strains:GⅡ.2[P16],GⅡ.4[P31],and GⅡ.4[P16].This analysis provides valuable insights into the distribution characteristics of norovirus genotypes across Asia and Russia over time,thereby supporting vac-cine design and evaluation efforts.

Objective To study the effect of auditory and speech development after cochlear implant(CI)in children with bilateral cochlear nerve deficiency(CND)and its influencing factors.Methods A total of 20 children with bilateral CND were included in the study,of which 5 were implanted bilaterally and 15 unilaterally.CT of the temporal bone showed stenosis of the cochlear aperture in 14 cases and atresia of the cochlear aperture in 6 cases.There were 8 cases accompanied by other inner ear malformations,and 12 cases with no accompanying inner ear mal-formations.MRI of the internal auditory canal showed 1 nerve in 5 cases,2 nerves in 6 cases,3 nerves in 8 cases,and 4 nerves in 1 case.There were 6 cases in which the EABR was not elicited and 14 cases in which it was elicited.The postoperative auditory and speech abilities of the subjects were evaluated using categories of auditory perform-ance(CAP)and speech intelligibility rating(SIR).Results ① The CAP(P＜0.001)and SIR(P＜0.001)scores of the children with stenosis of the cochlea nerve canal were higher than those of the patients with atresia of the cochlea nerve canal.② The more nerve roots in the internal auditory canal,the higher the score of CAP(P=0.003)and SIR(P=0.008).③ CAP score of the children with EABR elicited was higher than that of the children without EABR elicited(P=0.030).The difference in SIR scores was not statistically significant(P=0.14).④The differences in CAP and SIR between those with bilateral CI and unilateral CI,as well as between those with and without other inner ear malformations,were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion Children with bi-lateral CND had significant postoperative improvement in auditory function but poor speech development after CI.Postoperative auditory speech ability was related to the condition of the cochlear foramen,the number of nerve roots in the internal auditory canal,and whether or not the EABR was elicited intraoperatively.

Objective Taking into account the physical and mental characteristics of patients with COPD,we develop and implement a lung rehabilitation education game software,aiming to explore more effective health education practices for COPD.Methods Drawing on the Health Belief Model theory,the game content was developed by semi-structured interviews,brainstorming sessions,and expert consultations,and it was implemented via a WeChat mini program.Patients with COPD from the respiratory department of a tertiary general hospital of Luzhou city between March and October 2023 were conveniently selected as the study subjects.Among them,40 patients from July to October 2023 were designated as an experimental group,and another 40 from March to June 2023 constituted a control group.The experimental group was provided with routine health education combined with pulmonary rehabilitation games,whereas the control group received standard health education.After the intervention,the researchers compared the COPD knowledge questionnaire scores and pulmonary rehabilitation adherence between the 2 groups,and assessed the satisfaction of both patients and nurses with the software.Results No sample detachment.The score of the COPD knowledge questionnaire in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(Z=5.361,P＜0.001).The proportion of patients in the experimental group with good adherence to pulmonary rehabilitation(85％)was significantly higher than it in the control group(25％),(x2=29.091,P＜0.001).The patients'overall satisfaction rate with the game was 95％,with operational effectiveness receiving the highest satisfaction rating at 97％.Conclusion The pulmonary rehabilitation education game for patients with COPD can improve their knowledge of COPD,enhance their compliance with pulmonary rehabilitation.Patients have high satisfaction with the software.The software enriches the clinical health education methods,which can be used in clinical practice.

Objective To compare the anti fungal efficacy and safety of amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate complex(amphotericin B colloidal dispersion,ABCD)and amphotericin B for injection(amphotericin B deoxycholate,AmB-D)in the treatment of AIDS complicated with talaromycosis(TSM).Methods A total of 80 patients who were diagnosed with AIDS and complicated with TSM from December 2021 to January 2024 in Department of Infection,Kunming Third People's Hospital were included in the study.The patients were randomized to receive ABCD(n=40)via intravenous infusion or AmB-D(control,n=40)via Ⅳ infusion protected from light.The overall treatment efficacy rate,CD4+T lymphocyte count,routine blood tests,liver and kidney function tests,K+concentration,and the incidence of adverse drug reactions(ADR)during study were compared between the two treatment groups.Results The overall efficacy rate was 87.5％(35/40)in ABCD group and 80.0％(32/40)in the control(AmB-D)group(P＞0.05).WBC,hemoglobin,and platelet count were significantly higher after treatment compared with pretreatment levels(P＜0.05)in both groups.The CD4+T lymphocyte count was higher after treatment compared with pretreatment levels in both groups.And the CD4+T lymphocyte count in ABCD group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The levels of total bilirubin,aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,blood urea nitrogen,and serum creatinine increased after treatment in both groups.Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine increased significantly in control group compared with ABCD group(P＜0.05).After treatment,serum K+concentration decreased significantly in control group compared with the pretreatment level and compared with ABCD group(P＜0.05).The incidence of adverse events in ABCD group was significantly lower than that in the control group.The time to renal injury was delayed significantly(P＜0.05).Conclusions In the treatment of AIDS complicated with TSM,the efficacy of ABCD was comparable to AmB-D.The incidence of hepatic impairment did not show significant difference between ABCD and AmB-D.However,ABCD is associated with less renal impairment,lower incidence of adverse events,and better safety,which is valuable for clinical use.

The application of sensors to the monitoring of spinal morphology and motion was reviewed in terms of the research object and monitoring index.The present situation of the application of sensors was introduced,such as inertial sensor,stretchable strain sensor and electromagnetic sensor.The deficiencies of sensors applied to the monitoring of spinal morphology and motion were analyzed,and the future directions of the application were pointed out.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(6):105-110]

Objective:To explore the correlation between palm temperature,disease activity,and traditional chinese medicine syndrome types in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods:80 RA patients(RA group)who were admitted to our hospital from April 2022 to June 2024 were selected,they were divided into high group(DAS28 score＞5.1 score)and low to moderate group(2.6 score ≤ DAS28 score≤5.1 score)according to the 28 joint disease activity scores(DAS28).70 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examinations during the same period(control group)were selected.The palm temperature,erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),C-reactive protein(CRP),and DAS28 scores between the control group and RA group were compared.The palm temperature,ESR,and CRP levels between low to moderate group and high group were compared.The correlation between palm temperature and disease activity,ESR,and CRP levels in RA patients was analyzed by Pearson correlation.The distribution of traditional chinese medicine syndrome types in RA patients was observed,the palm temperature,ESR,and CRP levels of RA patients with different traditional chinese medicine syndrome types were compared.Results:The palm temperature,ESR,CRP levels,and DAS28 score in the RA group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The palm temperature,ESR,and CRP levels in the high group were higher than those in the low to moderate group(P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis results showed that,the palm temperature of RA patients was positively correlated with DAS28 score,ESR,and CRP levels(P＜0.05).Among 80 RA patients,there were 17 cases(21.25％)of liver and kidney deficiency syndrome,23 cases(29.02％)of cold and dampness obstruction syndrome,14 cases(17.86％)of qi and blood deficiency syndrome,17 cases(21.47％)of damp heat obstruction syndrome,and 9 cases(11.52％)of phlegm and blood stasis obstruction syndrome.The palm temperature,ESR,and CRP levels of patients with Qi and blood deficiency syndrome,liver and kidney deficiency syndrome,and phlegm and blood stasis obstruction syndrome increased in sequence and were higher than those of patients with damp heat obstruction syndrome and cold and dampness obstruction syndrome(P＜0.05).There was no statistical difference in palm temperature,ESR,and CRP levels between the groups of damp heat obstruction syndrome and cold and dampness obstruction syndrome(P＞0.05).Conclusion:There is a certain correlation between the palm temperature and disease activity and traditional chinese medicine syndrome types of RA patients.Regular observation of palm temperature,ESR,CRP levels,and DAS28 score is helpful for assessing the condition of RA patients.

An analysis of 24 144 norovirus sequences from Asia and Russia deposited in GenBank between 1995 and 2023 was conducted,to understand the temporal and spatial variations in norovirus genotypes in these regions.Norovirus sequences from Asia and Russia were downloaded in FASTA format from GenBank for the years 1995-2023,and analyzed in Excel,R language,and GraphPad Prism for data visualization.The number of norovirus sequences submitted to GenBank increased annually from 2004 and peaked in 2015.Notably,China and Japan contributed 62.3％of all submitted norovirus sequences.These sequences encompassed 31 capsid genotypes(C-type),with GⅠ accounting for 9％and GⅡ accounting for 90％.Additionally,49 polymerase types(P-type)were identified,along with 68 combinations of CP types;among the analyzed recombinant sequences(4 460 entries in total),approxi-mately 41％belonged to three predominant recombinant strains:GⅡ.2[P16],GⅡ.4[P31],and GⅡ.4[P16].This analysis provides valuable insights into the distribution characteristics of norovirus genotypes across Asia and Russia over time,thereby supporting vac-cine design and evaluation efforts.

Objective To compare the anti fungal efficacy and safety of amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate complex(amphotericin B colloidal dispersion,ABCD)and amphotericin B for injection(amphotericin B deoxycholate,AmB-D)in the treatment of AIDS complicated with talaromycosis(TSM).Methods A total of 80 patients who were diagnosed with AIDS and complicated with TSM from December 2021 to January 2024 in Department of Infection,Kunming Third People's Hospital were included in the study.The patients were randomized to receive ABCD(n=40)via intravenous infusion or AmB-D(control,n=40)via Ⅳ infusion protected from light.The overall treatment efficacy rate,CD4+T lymphocyte count,routine blood tests,liver and kidney function tests,K+concentration,and the incidence of adverse drug reactions(ADR)during study were compared between the two treatment groups.Results The overall efficacy rate was 87.5％(35/40)in ABCD group and 80.0％(32/40)in the control(AmB-D)group(P＞0.05).WBC,hemoglobin,and platelet count were significantly higher after treatment compared with pretreatment levels(P＜0.05)in both groups.The CD4+T lymphocyte count was higher after treatment compared with pretreatment levels in both groups.And the CD4+T lymphocyte count in ABCD group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The levels of total bilirubin,aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,blood urea nitrogen,and serum creatinine increased after treatment in both groups.Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine increased significantly in control group compared with ABCD group(P＜0.05).After treatment,serum K+concentration decreased significantly in control group compared with the pretreatment level and compared with ABCD group(P＜0.05).The incidence of adverse events in ABCD group was significantly lower than that in the control group.The time to renal injury was delayed significantly(P＜0.05).Conclusions In the treatment of AIDS complicated with TSM,the efficacy of ABCD was comparable to AmB-D.The incidence of hepatic impairment did not show significant difference between ABCD and AmB-D.However,ABCD is associated with less renal impairment,lower incidence of adverse events,and better safety,which is valuable for clinical use.