Objective This study conducted molecular biological identification of the viruses carried by Culex pipiens pallens specimens collected in Shunyi District, Beijing in 2023, and observed the changes in the infection rate of the viruses carried by Cx. pipiens pallens at different collection times. Methods Cx. pipiens pallens were collected using carbon dioxide mosquito traps. The mosquito samples were ground in batches and analyzed by molecular biology technologies. The virus infection rate at different collection times was analyzed statistically. Results 17 strains of Culex pipiens pallens densovirus(CppDNV)were identified from Cx. pipiens pallens samples collected in Shunyi District, Beijing, in 2023. The nucleotide sequence analysis of the virus genome coding region showed that CppDNV was a single-stranded DNA virus with a total length of 3 335 nt, encoding 2 non-structural proteins(NS1, NS2)and 1 capsid protein(VP). The nucleotide(amino acid)sequence lengths of the three proteins were 2 376 nt(791 aa),1 092 nt(363 aa)and 1 071 nt(356 aa), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CppDNV was located in genus Brevihamaparvovirus. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in infection rates across collection times(χ2=4.429, P=0.194). Conclusions CppDNV was identified in Cx. pipiens pallens in Beijing, and it was stably maintained in this natural population.

Objective To investigate the species composition of mosquitoes and breeding conditions of larvae in the rice planting areas of Beijing, and to provide a scientific basis for mosquito control in rice fields. Methods Adult mosquitoes were collected using CO2-baited light traps, and mosquito larvae(including pupae)were sampled via the dipping method. Results A total of 4 genera and 6 species of adult mosquitoes were captured in the study area. The dominant species were Culex pipiens pallens, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, and Anopheles sinensis. The average adult mosquito density was 5.11 specimens per trap-hour, with slightly lower density in July compared to August. For larvae and pupae,3 genera and 4 species were identified, dominated by Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, An. sinensis, and Aedes vexans. Conclusions The mosquito species composition in Beijing′s rice planting areas is diverse. Mosquito control strategies should prioritize the management of adult mosquitoes, while density control of mosquito larvae in paddy fields can be achieved through intermittent irrigation techniques.

High-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), typically referring to systems with a magnetic field strength of ≥ 3 Tesla (T), offers significant advantages over conventional MRI in terms of higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and improved resolution. These advantages have opened new prospects for the assessment of kidney diseases. This review summarizes the application progress of high-field MRI in evaluating kidney diseases, focusing on advanced techniques for refined assessment of renal anatomy and function, including arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion imaging, blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) oxygenation imaging, sodium (23Na) imaging, and quantitative evaluation of renal fibrosis. Furthermore, the review explores the value of high-field MRI in the diagnosis of renal tumors and kidney stones, tumor characterization, and its role in supporting treatments such as percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Specifically, high-field MRI provides new approaches for early diagnosis and accurate staging of renal tumors, as well as radiation-free detection, composition analysis, and preoperative planning for PCNL in kidney stones. Finally, the review discusses current technical challenges, practical issues such as equipment accessibility, and future development directions. High-field MRI is emerging as a powerful non-invasive tool, providing crucial support for improving the diagnosis, management, and research of kidney diseases.

Psoraleae Fructus is derived from the dried fruit of the Psoralea corylifolia L. It has the effects of tonifying the kidney, strengthening the Yang, warming the spleen and stopping diarrhea, and is used for the treatment of kidney deficiency and impotence, lumbar soreness and cold pain, osteoporosis and other diseases, and it is a commonly used tonic traditional Chinese medicine in Chinese medicine clinics in China. However, in recent years, the clinical adverse reactions of Psoraleae Fructus (PF) and related preparations have been increasingly reported, especially hepatotoxicity, which has become a bottleneck in the clinical application of PF and associated preparations. The safety of PF was rarely recorded in ancient texts, but modern clinical and experimental research has shown that PF not only has direct toxicity but also has immune-idiosyncratic toxicity. For this reason, this study comprehensively analyzes the evolution of PF effect/toxicity records in ancient and modern canonical literature, and combines with the progress of modern pharmacology and toxicology research, to conduct an in-depth discussion on the clinical characteristics, causative mechanisms and risk factors of PF hepatotoxicity. On this basis, based on the three-dimensional "human-medicine-use" precise prevention and control strategy for the safety risk of traditional Chinese medicine proposed by the author's team, safety risk prevention and control measures for PF and related preparations were developed, aiming at guiding the safe and rational use of PF and related preparations in the clinic and promoting the healthy and sustainable development of PF-related industries.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of the lateral needling technique combined with thunder-fire moxibustion in the treatment of the third lumbar trans-verse process syndrome(TLVTPS).Methods A total of 60 patients with definitive diagnosis of third TLVTPS admitted to the Department of Special Services and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of the General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of the Chinese People's Liberation Army of China from June 2022 to February 2024 were selected as the study subjects.The patients were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group according to the random number table method,with 30 cases in each group.The control group was treated with electroacupuncture combined with red light local irradiation,and the observation group was treated with lateral needling technique combined with thunder-fire moxibustion.The patients were treated once every other day,and 10 times of treatment constituted a course of treatment,totaling two courses of treatment.After treatment,the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated,and the changes in the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)scores of pain,and Japanese Orthopedic Association(JOA)scores before and after treatment were observed between the two groups.The changes in Oswestry Disability Index(ODI)scores before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.Results(1)After treatment,the VAS scores of the two groups of patients were improved significantly(P<0.05),and the improvement in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05).(2)After treatment,the JOA score and ODI score of patients in the two groups were improved significantly(P<0.05),and the improvement in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05).(3)The total effective rate was 93.33%(28/30)in the observation group and 83.33%(25/30)in the control group.The efficacy of the observation group was superior to that of the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Lateral needling technique combined with thunder-fire moxibustion in the treatment of TLVTPS can significantly alleviate pain of the patients and enhance their mobility of the lumbar,so as to improve the quality of life of the patients.

Objective To conduct a bibliometric analysis of domestic and international literature on the research of Sijunzi Decoction over the past 20 years,and to explore the research status,hotspots,and development trends of Sijunzi Decoction.Methods This article retrieved journal articles related to the research of Sijunzi Decoction from 2004 to 2024 in the CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,and Web of Science databases.Microsoft Excel was used for publication volume analysis,while CiteSpace software was employed for keyword co-occurrence,clustering,and burst analysis,and then the analysis results were visualized.Results After literature retrieval and screening,3 573 Chinese articles and 113 English articles were included.Over the past two decades,the publication volume showed a trend of steadily increasing.The most frequent keywords in Chinese and English literature on the research of Sijunzi Decoction were spleen deficiency syndrome and gene expression,while the keywords with strongest burst were experimental research and data mining.Conclusion The research of Sijunzi Decoction in the last 20 years was mainly through animal experiments and clinical applications,and the research hotspots focus on the treatment of diseases of spleen deficiency syndrome and on the improvement of immune function of cancer patients.The extraction and identification of active components in Sijunzi Decoction and the study on the therapeutic mechanism in diseases of spleen deficiency syndrome are probably the future research trends.

Objective To investigate the mechanisms by which Porphyromonas gingivalis(P.gingivalis)promotes the malignant progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)through the recruitment of chemokine receptor 6-positive(CCR6+)regulatory T cells(Treg)in the tumor microenvironment(TME).Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database was used to analyze the correlation between chemokine ligand 20(CCL20),CCR6,and Treg.The Treg enrichment index and the expression levels of interleukin(IL)-10 and tumor necrosis factor β1(TGF-β1)were assessed in the high CCR6 expression group of OSCC patients.C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to a control group and an experimental group(n=6 in each group).The control group received a single injection of 100 μL SCC7,a mice head and neck squamous carcinoma cell line,while the experimental group received a single injection of 100 μL mixture of SCC7 cells and P.gingivalis in the cheek.After two weeks,the mice were sacrificed,and immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the expression levels of CCR6 and forkhead box protein 3(FOXP3)in OSCC.Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the effects of P.gingivalis on OSCC malignant biological behavior,CCR6+Treg cells,and the immune microenvironment.Results Bioinformatics analysis revealed a correlation between CCL20,CCR6,and Treg(r=0.373,P＜0.0001).OSCC patients with high CCR6 expression showed higher Treg enrichment scores and increased IL-10 expression.Animal experiments showed that P.gingivalis promoted the increase in the tumor volume(mm3)(0.294±0.105 in the control group and 0.526±0.101 in the experimental group,P＜0.01)and mass(mg)(206.200±53.950 in the control group and 376.000±119.200 in the experimental group,P＜0.01)in mice with OSCC.Immunohistochemistry confirmed a correlation between CCR6 and FOXP3(r=0.659,P＜0.05),and P.gingivalis promoted the expression of CCR6 and FOXP3.Flow cytometry analysis showed that P.gingivalis increased the proportion of CCR6+Treg(％)(13.780±1.506 in the control group and 18.260±2.257 in the experimental group,P＜0.01)and decreased the proportion of CD8+T cells(％)(27.120±1.647 in the control group and 21.060±3.148 in the experimental group,P＜0.01)in OSCC,thereby promoting the formation of a immunosuppressive microenvironment.Conclusion P.gingivalis promotes the malignant progression of OSCC by recruiting CCR6+Treg cells to form an immunosuppressive TME.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity and safety of novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion strain protein derivatives,referred to as B/R strain active proteins.In cellular experiments,RAW264.7 cells were treated with each vaccine preparation,and apoptosis rates were measured.In subsequent animal experiments,C57BL/6 mice were immunized via subcutaneous injection,and their survival and body weight changes were monitored and recorded at 2,4,8,12,and 16 weeks.The lungs and spleens were harvested to calculate organ coefficients,and pathological examinations were conducted.At the eighth week of immunization,the mice were infected with high concentrations of BCG,and pathological changes in the lungs and spleens were observed 4 weeks post-infection.The apoptosis rate at 6 hours was significantly higher in the experimental group than the PBS group(P<0.05).At 12 and 24 hours,the apoptosis rate in the experimental group remained higher than that in the PBS group,although this difference was not statistically significant.After immunization,mice in all four groups exhibited normal growth patterns,as indicated by stable body weight changes.At 4 and 12 weeks post-immunization,the lung coefficients in the protein group were significantly higher than those in the PBS group at the same time points.Additionally,the lung coefficients in the BCG group were significantly elevated across all time periods(P<0.05).The spleen coefficients in the protein and BCG groups were significantly higher than those in the PBS group at 2,4,8,12,and 16 weeks,whereas the ICD B/R group showed higher spleen coefficients than the PBS group only at week 8(P<0.05).Pathological examination revealed normal lung and spleen tissues in the PBS group.However,during the 2-8 weeks immunization period,lung and spleen tissues in all experimental groups exhibited varying degrees of damage,which gradually diminished by 12-16 weeks.Notably,no tuberculosis nodules were observed in any experimental group.After infection with high concentrations of BCG,no overt pathological changes were observed on the surfaces of the lungs and spleens in any group.Microscopic examination revealed less severe pathological changes in the lungs and spleens of mice in the experimental groups than the PBS group.Furthermore,no statistically significant differences were observed between the protein group and the BCG group.Our findings suggested that the B/R strain active proteins'toxicity and safety profiles were comparable to those of BCG,and showed immunoprotective effects.This study provides an experimental foundation for the development of a novel tuberculosis vaccine.