Currently, the drug delivery system (DDS) based on nanomaterials has become a hot interdisciplinary research topic. One of the core issues is drug loading and controlled release, in which the key lever is carriers. Vaterite, as an inorganic porous nano-material, is one metastable structure of calcium carbonate, full of micro or nano porous. Recently, vaterite has attracted more and more attention, due to its significant advantages, such as rich resources, easy preparations, low cost, simple loading procedures, good biocompatibility and many other good points. Vaterite, gained from suitable preparation strategies, can not only possess the good drug carrying performance, like high loading capacity and stable loading efficiency, but also improve the drug release ability, showing the better drug delivery effects, such as targeting release, pH sensitive release, photothermal controlled release, magnetic assistant release, optothermal controlled release. At the same time, the vaterite carriers, with good safety itself, can protect proteins, enzymes, or other drugs from degradation or inactivation, help imaging or visualization with loading fluorescent drugs in vitro and in vivo, and play synergistic effects with other therapy approaches, like photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, and thermochemotherapy. Latterly, some renewed reports in drug loading and controlled release have led to their widespread applications in diverse fields, from cell level to clinical studies. This review introduces the basic characteristics of vaterite and briefly summarizes its research history, followed by synthesis strategies. We subsequently highlight recent developments in drug loading and controlled release, with an emphasis on the advantages, quantity capacity, and comparations. Furthermore, new opportunities for using vaterite in cell level and animal level are detailed. Finally, the possible problems and development trends are discussed.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of glofitamab in the treatment of relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Methods:A retrospective case series study was performed. The clinical data of 11 patients with relapsed/refractory DLBCL who were treated with glofitamab in Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from March 2024 to October 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received glofitamab monotherapy. Dose escalation was required in the first course, and glofitamab at a dose of 30 mg was administered from the second to the 12th course. The general data, clinical manifestations, laboratory examination results, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score, previous treatment history, therapeutic effect after medication and adverse reactions were collected.Results:Among 11 patients, there were 8 males and 3 females, with the median age [ M ( Q1, Q3)] of 60 (51, 76) years; 1 case was primary central nervous system DLBCL. The median number of prior treatment lines was 3 (2, 3) lines, and 6 cases received ≥3 lines of therapy; 1 case was double DLBCL and 3 cases was complicated with p53 mutations. The median follow-up time was 5 months (2-7 months). After treatment of the median number of glofitamab, 3 cases achieved complete remission, among which 1 case successfully bridged to autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; 1 case had the stable disease and 7 cases achieved partial remission. Grade 1-2 adverse events included mild leukopenia in 3 patients, mild anemia in 4 patients, thrombocytopenia in 1 patient, and lymphopenia in 8 patients. Grade 3 hematologic adverse events included thrombocytopenia in 1 patient and severe lymphopenia in 1 patient. Non-hematological toxicities included mild rash in 1 patient, grade 1 liver dysfunction in 3 patients and inflammatory factor storm in 4 patients. No medication stop or deferral was found in patients due to severe adverse events. Conclusions:Glofitamab demonstrates a high response rate in the treatment of relapsed/refractory DLBCL, with manageable adverse events and a favorable safety.

Objective To compare the application effects of plankton multiplex polymerase chain reac-tion-capillary electrophoresis(PCR-CE),SYBR Green Ⅰ real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR)and microwave digestion-vacuum filtration-automated scanning electron microscopy(MD-VF-Auto SEM)in the diagnosis of drowning.Methods Lung,liver and kidney tissues from 212 drowned corpses and 30 non-drowned corpses were examined respectively by the three drowning-related plankton testing methods,and the detection rates of plankton in each tissue by three methods were compared.Results In drowned corpses,the total detection rates of PCR-CE,qPCR,and MD-VF-Auto SEM were 93.9%,96.2%,and 95.3%,respectively,with no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).The detection rate of lung tissue by MD-VF-Auto SEM(100%)was higher than those of PCR-CE and qPCR(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in the detection rates of the three methods in liver or kidney tissues(P>0.05).In non-drowning corpses,a small number of diatoms(less than 10 cells/10 g)were detected by MD-VF-Auto SEM method,only in liver and kidney tissues,while the other two methods yielded negative results for all tissues.Conclusion All three methods have good efficacy in the examination of drowned corpses.The MD-VF-Auto SEM method directly observes diatom morpho-logical characteristics through scanning electron microscopy,and the qualitative and quantitative analy-ses are intuitive and accurate.It has great advantages in the examination of difficult degradation samples.The PCR-CE method and qPCR method have a low sample demand(0.5 g),are easy to operate and have short detection time(4-7 h).They are easy to be applied in the grassroots depart-ments and are suitable for the rapid determination of drowned corpses in routin cases.The combina-tion of the two DNA methods with the MD-VF-Auto SEM method can increase the detection rate of plankton,ensuring the reliability of examination results.This combined use is of significant importance in the application of drowning diagnosis.

Objective To study the damage effect of high-voltage electric shock on skin based on metabolomics,analyze its metabolic differences,and explore its injury mechanism.Methods A total of 16 SPF C57BL/6J male mice were divided into the electric shock group(head skin received electric shock treatment)and control group(head skin received electric shock acoustic-optical stimulation),and the skin appearance after treatment of mice in the two groups was observed.The histopathological changes caused by electric shock were analyzed by HE staining,EVG staining and Masson staining.GC-MS and LC-MS metabonomics were used to analyze the changes of skin metabolism spectrum and tissue metabolites after electric shock exposure,and the differential metabolites were analyzed.The obtained differential metabolites were combined and KEGG enrichment analysis was conducted.Results After high-voltage electric shock,the skin of mice could be damaged to the dermis,and the epidermis was partially thickened,lifted and separated.The structure of skin appendages in the dermis was destroyed,with a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrating and obvious swelling,accompanied by congestion,which led to severe skin inflammatory reaction and impaired skin barrier function.Metabonomics analysis suggested that the metabolites changed after electric shock exposure.KEGG enrichment analysis showed that electric shock significantly affected the central carbon metabolism pathway of cancer,pentose phosphate pathway,purine metabolism,glycine,serine and threonine metabolism processes,amino acid tRNA biosynthesis mechanism,glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway,pyrimidine metabolism pattern,glycolysis/gluconeogenesis,alanine metabolism process,glucagon signal pathway and so on.Conclusion High voltage electric shock can cause deep skin damage,disturb its energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism,and seriously interfere with its antioxidant and DNA repair system functions.

Objective To synthesize qualitative studies on the experiences of postoperative lung cancer patients participating in pulmonary rehabilitation,aiming to comprehensively understand the barriers and facilitators influencing their engagement and to provide evidence-based insights for improving rehabilitation adherence.Methods Qualitative studies were retrieved from databases including Web of Science,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIPand Sinomed,with a search period spanning from database inception to January,2025.The methodological quality of eligible studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research.Extracted findings were mapped and synthesized using the Theoretical Domains Framework(TDF)and the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behavior mode(COM-B).Results Ultimately,a total of 11 studies were included,yielding 48 findings.Using the Theoretical Domains Framework(TDF)and COM-B model,facilitators and barriers to pulmonary rehabilitation in postoperative lung cancer patients were mapped and consolidated into 14 categories,culminating in 2 synthesized findings.Conclusion Participation in pulmonary rehabilitation among postoperative lung cancer patients is influenced by multiple factors.Clinicians should develop patient-centered pulmonary rehabilitation plans by considering these factors and incorporating patients' attitudes and perspectives.

AIM To establish a UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for analyzing the toxic material basis of 95％ethanol cold soaked ultrasonic extract(EC),95％ethanol heated reflux extract(EH)and water decoction extract(WD)from Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai.METHODS The analysis was performed on a 25 ℃ thermostatic agilent ZORBAX RRHD StableBond C18 column(2.1 mm×150 mm,1.8 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of methanol-0.2％formic acid flowing at 0.30 mL/min,and heated electrospray ion source was adopted in positive and negative ion scanning.Compounds were identified by Compound Discover 3.3 software combined with the database and related literature,and the main differential components were screened by Heatmap cluster analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis.RESULTS 72 compounds were identified(22 phloroglucinols,19 flavonoids,8 phenylpropanoids,6 terpenoids and 17 other components).The main toxic differential components were phloroglucinols such as flavaspidic acid AB,didemethylpseudoaspidin AA and filixic acid PBP,flavonoids such as(-)-epicatechin,(-)-epigallocatechin,cianidanol,and other compounds such as indole-3-carboxaldehyde.CONCLUSION This method can rapidly,effectively and comprehensively characterize the main chemical composition of D.crassirhizoma,and provide a reference for the study of its pharmacological mechanism.

Debates persist regarding the efficacy and safety of azvudine, particularly its real-world outcomes. This study involved patients aged ≥60 years who were admitted to 25 hospitals in mainland China with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between December 1, 2022, and February 28, 2023. Efficacy outcomes were all-cause mortality during hospitalization, the proportion of patients discharged with recovery, time to nucleic acid-negative conversion (T _NANC), time to symptom improvement (T _SI), and time of hospital stay (T _HS). Safety was also assessed. Among the 5884 participants identified, 1999 received azvudine, and 1999 matched controls were included after exclusion and propensity score matching. Azvudine recipients exhibited lower all-cause mortality compared with controls in the overall population (13.3% vs. 17.1%, RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.90; P = 0.001) and in the severe subgroup (25.7% vs. 33.7%; RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.66-0.88; P < 0.001). A higher proportion of patients discharged with recovery, and a shorter T _NANC were associated with azvudine recipients, especially in the severe subgroup. The incidence of adverse events in azvudine recipients was comparable to that in the control group (2.3% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.170). In conclusion, azvudine showed efficacy and safety in older patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the SARS-CoV-2 omicron wave in China.

Objective:To investigate the anti-heart failure mechanism of N-acetylcysteine(NAC)in diabetic cardiomyop-athy independent from coronary artery factors.Methods:A total of 40 diabetic mice after heart failure model construction were randomly divided into two groups,NAC group(n=20,NAC 100mg·kg-1·d-1)and control group(n=20,Saline 100 mg·kg-1·d-1).Echocardiography was performed to detect left ventricular end-diastolic volume(LVEDV),left ventricular end-systolic volume(LVESV),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),mitral left ventricular early-dias-tolic peak flow velocity/left ventricular late-diastolic peak flow velocity(E/A),isovolumic relaxation time(IVRT)and cardiac output(CO)after 4 weeks.Terminal uridine nick-end labeling(TUNEL)was performed to detect apoptosis in-dex,and Western Blot was performed to detect the expression of extracellular regulated protein kinases(ERK)1/2 after 6 weeks in two groups.Results:Compared to those in control group,mice in NAC group had significant higher LVEF[(40.5±3.4)％vs.(36.9±3.2)％],E/A[(1.5±0.1)vs.(1.4±0.1)]and CO[(10.3±0.6)ml/min vs.(9.9±0.5)ml/min](P＜0.05 or＜0.01);and significant lower LVESV[(23.1±1.3)μl vs.(24.7±1.5)μl],apoptosis index[(31.2±0.5)％vs.(45.1±0.9)％]and the expression of ERK1/2[(2.2±0.2)vs.(3.9±0.1)](P＜0.001 all).Conclusion:NAC exerts anti-heart failure effect by attenuating apoptosis of cardiomyocytes via regulating ERK1/2 pathway.

Excessive fat accumulation,viral infections and sustained inflammatory responses caused by non-alcoholic and alcoholic factors can contribute to liver inflammation,fibrosis and carcinogenesis,promoting the development of chronic liver disease.Gaining an in-depth understanding of the etiologic factors and underlying mechanisms that lead to chronic liver disease can help identify potential therapeutic targets for targeted therapy.Lactate,as an important substance in hepatic metabolism,has been found to be involved in the process of chronic liver disease through various pathways,and this review will provide a useful reference for the prevention and treatment of chronic liver disease.

Objective To explore the application value of cone beam computed tomography(CBCT)for the analysis of influencing factors of the nutrient canals(NCs)of the mandible.Methods The CBCT imaging data of 234 patients who attended some center's stomatology department from April 2021 to April 2024 were analyzed retrospectively,including 120 patients with periodontitis(enrolled into a periodontitis population group)and 114 periodontally normal persons(divided into a periodontally normal population group).The periodontitis population group was categorized into Subgroup 1(resorption length≤1/3 root length),Subgroup 2(1/3 root length0.05).The three subgroups were significantly different in the detection rate of mandibular NCs(P<0.05),and statistical differences were also found between Subgroup 1 and 2 and between Subgroup 1 and 3 in the detection rate of mandibular NCs(P<0.05),while not found between Subgourp 2 and 3(P>0.05).The relevant influencing factors on the mandibular NCs included age(OR=1.069,P<0.001)and having periodontal disease(OR=0.154,P<0.001).Conclusion CBCT is of great significance for evaluating the relationship between mandibular NCs and alveolar bone resorption.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(7):51-55]