Objective Establishment and evaluation of a mouse model of aldosterone-induced multi-organ damage.Methods Twenty mice were randomly divided into four groups,with five mice in each group:a blank control group(0 μg/(kg·d)),a low-dose aldosterone group(150 μg/(kg·d))),a medium-dose aldosterone group(300 μg/(kg d)),and a high-dose aldosterone group(450 pug/(kg·d)).Aldosterone-containing osmotic minipumps were surgically implanted under the skin,and aldosterone was infused for 4 weeks to establish the aldosterone-induced damage model.The body weight and blood pressure of the mice were recorded weekly.After the 4 week modeling period,the mice were euthanized,and their tissues were collected for observation and analysis of blood pressure and histological morphology of various organs.Results(1)After 4 weeks of aldosterone infusion,the serum aldosterone levels were significantly increased in the medium-dose and high-dose aldosterone groups,but not in the low-dose aldosterone group.(2)After the implantation of osmotic minipumps,the systolic blood pressure was significantly increased in the low-dose,medium-dose,and high-dose aldosterone groups during the second and third weeks,but decreased in all these groups during the fourth week.(3)The kidney and heart in the low-dose,medium-dose,and high-dose aldosterone groups showed varying degrees of damage,interstitial edema,collagen deposition,and fibrotic lesions.The liver in the low-dose aldosterone group showed a small amount of collagen deposition,while the medium-dose and high-dose aldosterone groups showed varying degrees of hepatocyte damage,collagen deposition,and fibrotic lesions.Conclusions Aldosterone can induce multi-organ damage in mice.Under this modeling method,organ damage is mainly manifested as edema,collagen deposition,and fibrotic lesions.

Objective:To analyze the incidence of fatigue in the seafarers undertaking long-term maritime work and the correlation between Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM）constitution and fatigue，so as to provide basic data support for formulating constitution conditioning programs.Methods:An epidemiological survey of fatigue and TCM constitution was conducted in 425 males who had been working at sea for 50 days by cross-sectional sampling method with TCM constitution scale and modified Fatigue Impact Scale.Results:The number of people with balanced constitution was the largest，accounting for 49.18%；the top three imbalanced constitutions were qi deficiency constitution（11.29%）， yang deficiency constitution（9.41%），and phlegm dampness constitution（9.18%）. The overall fatigue rate was 16.71%. The fatigue rate of people with balanced constitution was the lowest，accounting for 0.96%；among the people with imbalanced constitutions，the fatigue rate of people with qi stagnation was the highest（58.33%），followed by the people with qi deficiency（45.83%）. Statistical analysis based on the average rank of fatigue scores showed that the fatigue score of the people with balanced constitution was significantly lower than those of the people with imbalanced constitutions（ P<0.05）. Conclusion:Balanced constitution， qi deficiency constitution，and yang deficiency constitution are the common TCM constitution types in the seafarers undertaking long-term maritime work. There is a certain correlation between TCM constitution and fatigue. The people with qi stagnation and qi deficiency constitutions are more prone to fatigue.

Objective:To analyze the incidence of fatigue in the seafarers undertaking long-term maritime work and the correlation between Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM）constitution and fatigue，so as to provide basic data support for formulating constitution conditioning programs.Methods:An epidemiological survey of fatigue and TCM constitution was conducted in 425 males who had been working at sea for 50 days by cross-sectional sampling method with TCM constitution scale and modified Fatigue Impact Scale.Results:The number of people with balanced constitution was the largest，accounting for 49.18%；the top three imbalanced constitutions were qi deficiency constitution（11.29%）， yang deficiency constitution（9.41%），and phlegm dampness constitution（9.18%）. The overall fatigue rate was 16.71%. The fatigue rate of people with balanced constitution was the lowest，accounting for 0.96%；among the people with imbalanced constitutions，the fatigue rate of people with qi stagnation was the highest（58.33%），followed by the people with qi deficiency（45.83%）. Statistical analysis based on the average rank of fatigue scores showed that the fatigue score of the people with balanced constitution was significantly lower than those of the people with imbalanced constitutions（ P<0.05）. Conclusion:Balanced constitution， qi deficiency constitution，and yang deficiency constitution are the common TCM constitution types in the seafarers undertaking long-term maritime work. There is a certain correlation between TCM constitution and fatigue. The people with qi stagnation and qi deficiency constitutions are more prone to fatigue.

Objective:To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on the prevention of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathic pain (CIPNP), and to observe its mechanism by targeting spinal cannabinoid receptors (CBRs).Methods:A total of 75 male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (15 rats in each group), i. e. blank control group, CIPNP control group, CIPNP+ HBO group, CIPNP+ HBO+ AM630 group, and CIPNP+ HBO+ AM251 group. The model rats with CIPNP were established by injecting paclitaxel (i.p.). Each group with HBO intervention received the HBO treatment on the second day after each of the 5 times of paclitaxel injection. The CIPNP+ HBO+ AM630 and CIPNP+ HBO+ AM251 groups were administered with AM630 (an antagonist of CBR2) and AM251 (an antagonist of CBR1) respectively before each HBO treatment. The behavioral test was carried out to measure the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) of rats by von fery filaments before the experiment and every 7 days during the experiment. The expressions of CBR1 and CBR2 were tested by Western blotting. The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was tested by immunohistochemistry (ICH) and Western blotting. And the expressions of inflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord, i. e. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:Compared with that of the blank control group, the MWT of the CIPNP control group was significantly decreased ( P<0.01), and the difference was most significant [(15.46±2.83) g vs. (4.33±3.53) g; P<0.01] especially on the 21st day of the experiment. The expressions of spinal GFAP, IL-1β, and TNF-α were significantly increased, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Compared with those of the CIPNP control group, the MWT and spinal CBR2 of the CIPNP+ HBO group were significantly increased ( P<0.05), the GFAP, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the spinal cord were significantly decreased ( P<0.05), and the above-mentioned effects could be blocked by intraperitoneal injection of AM630, while there was no such reverse effect after intraperitoneal injection of AM251. Conclusion:HBO can prevent paclitaxel-induced CIPNP, and its mechanism may be related to the activation of spinal CBR2 and then the blocking of the activation of GFAP and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord.

Objective:To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on the prevention of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathic pain (CIPNP), and to observe its mechanism by targeting spinal cannabinoid receptors (CBRs).Methods:A total of 75 male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (15 rats in each group), i. e. blank control group, CIPNP control group, CIPNP+ HBO group, CIPNP+ HBO+ AM630 group, and CIPNP+ HBO+ AM251 group. The model rats with CIPNP were established by injecting paclitaxel (i.p.). Each group with HBO intervention received the HBO treatment on the second day after each of the 5 times of paclitaxel injection. The CIPNP+ HBO+ AM630 and CIPNP+ HBO+ AM251 groups were administered with AM630 (an antagonist of CBR2) and AM251 (an antagonist of CBR1) respectively before each HBO treatment. The behavioral test was carried out to measure the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) of rats by von fery filaments before the experiment and every 7 days during the experiment. The expressions of CBR1 and CBR2 were tested by Western blotting. The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was tested by immunohistochemistry (ICH) and Western blotting. And the expressions of inflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord, i. e. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:Compared with that of the blank control group, the MWT of the CIPNP control group was significantly decreased ( P<0.01), and the difference was most significant [(15.46±2.83) g vs. (4.33±3.53) g; P<0.01] especially on the 21st day of the experiment. The expressions of spinal GFAP, IL-1β, and TNF-α were significantly increased, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Compared with those of the CIPNP control group, the MWT and spinal CBR2 of the CIPNP+ HBO group were significantly increased ( P<0.05), the GFAP, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the spinal cord were significantly decreased ( P<0.05), and the above-mentioned effects could be blocked by intraperitoneal injection of AM630, while there was no such reverse effect after intraperitoneal injection of AM251. Conclusion:HBO can prevent paclitaxel-induced CIPNP, and its mechanism may be related to the activation of spinal CBR2 and then the blocking of the activation of GFAP and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord.

Radix Glycyrrhizae is a commonly used herbal drug for traditional Chinese medicine in China, and it is also an important material for drug, food, chemical industry, and dye industry. Furthermore, in Northwest China, Radix Glycyrrhizae acts as a key plant for preventing desertification, which currently is the most serious environmental problem in China. This report concentrated on discussing the great potential value of Glycyrrhiza on ecosystem, introducing the principles of protection and sustainable utilization of Glycyrrhiza resource, offering the suitable methods of utilization, and suggesting how to carry out the research on the substitute drugs. To protect the ecosystem and herbal resource of Radix Glycyrrhizae, we should use this herb in a more reasonable way.